Ibpointless2 Crystal Cells

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using electricity to charge your cells is in this one.
The pioneering experiments of Spaarnay[/font][/size]49[/color][/font] were not able to unambiguously confirm the existence of the Casimir force because of (among other factors) the large error arising from the difficulty in maintaining a high degree of parallelism between the plates (later solved using a sphereâ€"plate geometry; [/font][/size]Fig. 2[/font][/size]). Three important points must be taken into account when making precise Casimir force measurements[/font][/size]50[/color][/font]. First, in practice there is always an electrostatic potential difference between the two surfaces ([/font][/size]V[/font][/size]0[/color][/font]) that arises from the presence of different metals in the electrical circuit connecting the two surfaces, different work functions between the thin films and other electrostatic effects[/font][/size]34, 50, 51[/color][/font]. Residual electrostatic forces must be cancelled by applying a voltage of the same magnitude but opposite polarity, usually ranging from a few mV to ~100 mV. Second, although the relative distance [/font][/size]d[/font][/size] between the surfaces is controlled by a piezoelectric transducer, the initial separation between the two interacting surfaces [/font][/size]d[/font][/size]0[/color][/font] is [/font][/size]a priori[/font][/size] unknown ([/font][/size]Fig. 2c[/font][/size]), and therefore the absolute separation ([/font][/size]d[/font][/size] âˆ' [/font][/size]d[/font][/size]0[/color][/font]) must be obtained from a calibration procedure[/font][/size]8, 50[/color][/font]. Finally, the electronic signal coming out of the measurement set-up must be converted to a force. It is therefore necessary to calibrate the instrument with a controlled force, usually an electrostatic one.[/font][/size]

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First, in practice there is always an electrostatic potential difference between the two surfaces ([/font][/size]V[/font][/size]0[/color][/font]) that arises from the presence of different metals in the electrical circuit connecting the two surfaces, different work functions between the thin films and other electrostatic effects[/font][/size]34, 50, 51[/color][/font]. Residual electrostatic forces must be cancelled by applying a voltage of the same magnitude but opposite polarity, usually ranging from a few mV to ~100 mV. [/font][/size]

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overkill maybe on my part.anything over 100 milliviolts is excessive?[/font][/size]

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Cases where something can be placed on the surface of casimir plate plates to reduce the attractive force by half.They last twice as long is what I get out of it.   AFM-type measurements involve attaching a sphere or cylinder (diameter of tens of micrometres or more) to the cantilever, whose distance from another surface is changed using a piezoelectric controller[/font][/size]32, 50, 61, 62[/color][/font]. The cantilever deflection, which is proportional to the force between the surfaces, is detected by measuring the deflection of a laser beam bouncing off the top of the cantilever. An advanced AFM experiment[/font][/size]50[/color][/font] is shown in[/font][/size]Fig. 2c[/font][/size], involving a 100-μm-radius gold-coated sphere and a metal-coated glass plate mounted on a capacitive feedback-controlled piezoelectric transducer. This experiment was able to detect a 40â€"50% decrease in the Casimir force at 50â€"150 nm separations when switching between a gold-coated plate and an indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated plate[/font][/size]50[/color][/font], primarily thanks to the smaller plasma frequency of ITO. The ability to halve the Casimir force by coating a surface with widely available conductive oxides is expected to be important for many applications.[/font][/size]

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Kind of says we have a fancy solar cell here.Never mind we still get lots of energy from this part of the spectrum. Controlling film thickness[/color][/font][/size]. One of the simplest ways of tailoring the Casimir force is to use films of varying thickness[/font][/size]8, 62, 108, 109[/color][/font]. At submicrometre distances, the Casimir force depends on the reflectivity of the interacting surfaces for wavelengths in the ultraviolet to the far-infrared. The attraction between transparent materials is expected to be smaller than that between highly reflective mirrors because of the lower effective confinement of electromagnetic modes inside the optical cavity (as is the case for ITO compared with gold)[/font][/size]50[/color][/font]. A thin metallic film can be transparent to electromagnetic waves that would otherwise be reflected by the bulk metal, particularly when the film thickness is much smaller than the material skin depth[/font][/size]62, 108, 109[/color][/font]. Consequently, the Casimir force on a metallic film is significantly reduced when its thickness is smaller than the skin depth of the bulk metal at ultraviolet to infrared wavelengths. For most common metals, this condition is reached when the layer thickness is around 10 nm.[/font][/size


The Casimir force depends on the reflectivity of the interacting surfaces for wavelengths in the ultraviolet to the far-infrared.
This is why they like heat.Of course.

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Slider has posted this video which shows the ultra simple galvanized plate, copper, and Alum water cell.  In this video he shows the recharging affect and a low power application.  I bring this up as a cell for all to consider, as I have three cells using plain tap water in series that have powered a red LED for over 1 1/2 years.  Even though these cells are galvanic, it is important to note that with low powere applications, they can last a very long time.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uO9Ndi3PFxM&feature=g-all-lik&context=G20fbe6cFAAAAAAAABAA

Brad S