Kapanadze Cousin - DALLY FREE ENERGY

[T-1000]

...but who will insure his scopes, FG & SA ?

The safey training when working with high voltage and high frequency EM fields of course! Just kidding
In reality all electronics must be kept away at least on few meters distance from the setup to avoid damage. And not letting over than 100V to the scope probe leads which usually have same ground connection and the voltage divider in front. This is how at least myself operating with this stuff.

Bearing in mind when Tesla coil/nanopulser is making ambient respond to very quick charge of the output capacitors the grenade coils are not more than mere poor COP <40% transformer without it..

Cheers!

[lost_bro]

What is your method of converting the AC sine waves generated by the LC circuit to square waves, without distorting their phase relationship (the 74HC4046 phase comparator expects square waves that are in phase when the LC circuit is in resonance) ?
I have found that if I use a voltage comparator with a hysteresis to do that, then the hysteresis introduces a phase delay....and if the hysteresis below 0V is different than the hysteresis above 0V, then the output becomes even worse, namely it stops being a square wave !

Without the hysteresis, the noise immunity of the sine to square conversion suffers dramatically !

Good day Verpies

Yes, quite right!    Stability of the loop requires a certain degree of hysteresis.  And, I might add that you can't beat the propagation delay, it is an inherent property of the system.  I like to use *fast* rail to rail comparators, with minimum of prop. delay and, design around the issue.  If you know the operating range, (ie; capture/lock) of the PLL, then you can use a simple RC filter to set up a delay = (1 cycle - prop. delay) .  A better route for setting up the delay necessary for syncing the signals (phase_lead_correction) is to use a *tunable slug* inductor.
But once again these solutions while they do work, are only usable for a *narrow* bandwidth, so you have to know ahead of time, the PLL lock range.

For SSTCs, DRSSTCs, and this Ruslan replication I would recommend *galvanic* isolation between the *inductor loop* and the PLL circuitry.  I personally would not attempt to _pull_ the signals directly from the *loop* without some type of protection for the inputs of the CD4046BE for obvious reasons.

I have always used CTs (current XFRMS), both burdened and unburdened for the *I* & *V* necessary for PLL operation.

Have attached some examples from LtSpice for both *I* & *V*.

Regarding the loop hysteresis, would recommend setting a series RC network in parallel to the primary feedback resistor across Non-Inverting Output >> Non-Inverting Input.  The exact value  of the capacitor depends upon *switch size* ( ie: switching delays), faster the switch, the smaller the feedback cap.

Also attached example of *tunable slug* inductor for _Phase_Lead_Correction_ in direct resonant feedback system, also shows application of  *Parallel Series RC network* for feedback hysteresis.

Hope this helps.
take care, peace
lost_bro

[lost_bro]

LB,

yes, the grenade is very sensitive to nearby objects, so therefor i think a PLL kind of system is needed to keep it in resonance.

Concerning this:

it does not make much sense to me as a half wave antenne is normally a center fed dipole which could contain some coils to lengthen the wavelength or function as stops.
Especially when you think that the grenade is grounded at one side i cannot picture it to be a "Half wave Antenna @ 4Mhz".

Anyway,  nice build you made on the PLL system, i see it was on a breadboard as well.   Thanks for showing.


Itsu

Good day Itsu

Yes, I have also  thought about Ruslan's statement referring to the Grenade as a 1/2 wave antenna @ 4Mhz.

While a Half Wave antenna can be a *center fed dipole*, a Helical spiral wound single layer resonator (in Free Space) has also been shown to exhibit a Self Resonance  Frequency  (Fres) equal to approx Lambda/2.  (See attached doc.)  This is in *Free Space* so of course no ground is connected.  Likewise, I remember Ruslan testing the Fres of his grenade coil when it was NOT connected to ground and effectively isolated from the rest of the system.

Conversely, when a Helical spiral wound single layer resonator has one *end* connected to a ground plane, the Fres responds by *shifting* to the Lambda/4 resonant point. ie; Tesla Coil............
This is also covered in the attached doc.

"1) A free coil, i.e., a coil without connections, has its fundamental resonance when the wire length is λ/2 (where λ is the electrical wavelength). When one end of the coil is connected to an infinite ground plane, the fundamental SRF occurs when the conductor length is λ/4. The removal of the impedance discontinuity at one end effectively doubles the length of the single-conductor transmission line."

"When an impedance is connected in parallel with a coil, the impedance terminates the transmission line. The coil behaves as a short-circuited two-wire line of half its conductor length, which is the same as a one-wire transmission line of length equal to its conductor length. A two wire line presents a high impedance at its terminals when its electrical length is λ/4, i.e., when the length of the wire in it is λ/2.

Thus when the line is resonated against a variable reference capacitor, the data extrapolated to zero capacitance point to the λ/2 wire length resonance (provided that the test frequency is not too close to the SRF). This is true regardless of whether or not one terminal of the coil is grounded, because the ground is not involved in resonating the coil. That grounding one end of the coil has very little effect on the parallel resonance of an LC network is easily verified by removing and replacing the ground connection (the small changes that do occur are due to stray capacitance)."

and

"The lowest self-resonance in the presence of a ground-plane occurs at approximately half the frequency of the parallel-resonant SRF. It cannot however be excited in the absence of a ground plane because it is the fundamental series self-resonance; i.e., a generator can only deliver energy to an impedance, and so a counterpoise is required to complete the circuit if the coil is to be seriesdriven.
Note however, that it is possible to excite multiple-internal-reflection resonances at approximate sub-multiples of the SRF25 (sometimes called sub-harmonics). One of these will be close to the lowest series resonance, but it will have a different field pattern."

In short, I find  the cited information interesting, because it does *support* Ruslan's claim of a *Free Space* lambda/2 @ 4Mhz for the grenade.  And you are correct when you mention that when *grounded* the Fres is much lower, ie; it should in theory be 1/2 of the Lambda/2 Free Space Fres == Lambda/4, which would put a Lambda/2 of 4Mhz
at 2Mhz when at Lambda/4, which is close to your 1.8xxMhz (factoring in phase velocity propagation delay) .

I like the looks of the spectrogram of the *new grenade* configuration that you posted today.  Looks to have a 16dBm or greater S/N (signal/noise) sensitivity over the next  closest resonant peak.

take care, peace
lost_bro

[NickZ]

   So it's best to know the exact wire type and size for each coil. So that the actual frequency is known beforehand and the coils are all cut to the right size, to begin with. Which is what we thought we were doing, all along.
But, while we were tuning for that chosen frequency, duty cycle, voltages, and such. We find that the sync does not appear where it's supposed to. But, sometimes it's found close by, but it can be illusive as it can be, to find where it really is in sync, which will also allow for self running.
  No self runners that I've seen videos of have been running at the lambada\4 frequency, sorry lambda it is. Not even Ruslans self runners that have been shown, nor in Akula's videos. Although it looks like apecore may be hitting it close to that frequency.
  Any way, it was interesting to see how a magnet placed on Itsu's yoke could vary the frequency by such a huge bandwidth. It can also affect the shape of the wave form, as well.
 
   For portable devices a virtual ground may work, with adjustments or compensation tuning circuitry installed on board. For guys like Itsu that can't have a ground, or water pipe to connect the ground line to.
   When the sync is not in resonance, the ground line has very little,  to no effect.
Nelson's device requires no ground line of any sort, I believe.

[lost_bro]

Good day !
I have came across 2 videos and i want to share them with you .. probably is just "old news"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=poC07RRRCfo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3WUPIWmE-SQ

He is not using a "standard" grenade , The length of the wire is 56 m.
In the first video he is exciting the inductor with a signal generator, he found a frequency sweet spot where he gets "bubbles" on the output of the grenade, around 15.43kHz.
In the second video he has replaced the signal generator with the push-pull, yoke, series cap and he found again the "bubbles" in the system. But using the yoke that effect is dependent on the PSU voltage.
The grenade has no tesla coil connected, so this effect is not dependent on some pulser ..
I don't know who the guy is or what he accomplished.
I don't have access right now at the workbench, I want to ask if anyone have found the same bubble effect  on the grenade or on the inductor.

Good day zalmoxis

I tried to add to my last post, but could not find the modify button........

Anyway, to answer your question as to *what type* of waveform that was in the videos.....
Check out the screen shot from the 2nd video:  That is an Amplitude Modulation related type waveform.  It looks to be a DSB-SC (Double Side Band- Suppressed Carrier)  modulation.  It looks to have *phase-reversals* at the Zero Crossing, which is either an Over-Modulated AM signal or the DSB-SC .
see attachments.

take care, peace
lost_bro