Welcome to Understanding Overunity!!!!!

[wattsup]

@MH

Yes, that's one of the ways to see this and I thank you for your input. I am not saying that anyone is right or wrong because in a learning process, both are welcome.

So.... let's look at some visual evidence of what happened when the battery was shorted.

I made six image grabs of Test 1 shown below. Hope they turned out in the right order. hehehe

Let's let the wire tell the story of what is going on when it is hit rather hard with DC.

When you look at these images and compare these to the standard EE theory of electricity "traveling" from one polarity to the other, we run into problems.

When we measure the voltage across a battery, we see a + to - voltage of 12 volts. So we say one polarity is at zero volts the another is at 12 volts. So when we short the battery, one side of the wire will receive zero volts while the other side receives 12 volts.

But if this was true, then how is it possible that this potential difference produces a symmetric distribution of energy dissipation on the wire. This goes counter to what would be expected if the battery energy was unidirectional.

The visual evidence indicates that the energy is "leaving" the battery from both terminals equally. Both sides enter the wire and meet at the wire center point. It's as if the battery is really 6 volts on the + and 6 volts on the - and when you put your volt meter across the battery you still read 12 volts.

When a generator rotor is turning and the stator has let's say three coils that each go all the way around, what happens? Each of the three coils is always receiving a north and a south impress from the rotor magnets. Both rotor polarities are producing the total of the potential difference at all times over the coils. So why would it be any different with a battery shorted by a wire. The battery is the rotor, instead of spinning a magnet the battery is spinning a chemical reaction. The wire is the generator stator and the wire is getting hit by both polarities at the same time.

If you take a dual channel scope and a 7ah 12vdc battery and put the probe positive of each on one of the battery terminals, with volts div at 10mV each and a time div at 20mS, what do you see and why?

@onthecuttingedge2005

I'll work on the theoretical side and you can work on the mathematical side and we can see where we meet. Seems to me that you still need a theory before you can work out the math.

wattsup

[TinselKoala]

Nice work, Watts. I am especially happy that you caught the instant of wire failure.

I've done a lot of work exploding fine wires by discharging HV caps into them. I use my Bonetti machine to charge up some Maxwell pulse caps to 60 kV or so, then discharge them by an overvolting air gap through enough inductance to make a critically damped discharge (so it's not AC, just all the energy is dumped in a single DC pulse). Here's what the result looks like. The copper is vaporised and ejected, always on the outside of the curve of the wire, and sometimes the enamel insulation is left behind almost intact. The copper blasts out of tiny holes or splits in the enamel tube. This was #36 enamelled magnet wire.
I also did some with very fine aluminum strips... and got extremely violent explosions, much more so than with copper at the same energies.

Two mysteries: the copper vaporizes or liquefies and is ejected always on the outside of any curvature in the wire, and the fragile insulation often survives relatively intact, with only tiny holes or splits.

[wattsup]

@TK

Thanks for your images. Yes a HV discharge is another effect that we know little of. At HV discharge the advancing of energy from both polarities into the wire is so quick that you would require very fast video capability to then see the occurrence progress frame by frame to see exactly what is going on.

We would have looked at this effect later on but the question remains....

How is is possible for electricity to enter the wire and travel through the wire at such a high speed to then cause copper atoms to be ejected in an almost perfect perpendicular angle? Regular EE theory does not explain this well.

The only analog I can think of is David and Goliath. David puts a rock in his sling and starts turning the sling faster and faster until he releases the rock that exits perpendicular to his sling and hits Goliath in the forehead. This event may be true or not but the sling would be the analog to fast spinning of copper atoms. So fast that the centrifugal force surpasses the copper bond and copper atoms get ejected perpendicular to the wire.

How can you physically eject something perpendicular with enough force if you are only moving forward. In billiards, if the white ball just barely skins the black ball, the black ball will move almost perpendicular to the white ball direction but the force of the black ball will be minimal. To achieve a strong perpendicular exiting of an object you need to have it spinning on an axis then released. The atom itself has its own axis of spin and some relative distance and with enough speed will break its bond and could only then depart from the mass perpendicular.

In your first image we see that the ejections are not in one or two concentrated locations but throughout the wire length. It is impossible to consider this being caused by a forward movement. It can only be explained by what I have coined as "Spin Conveyance". At HV, the spin is exerted throughout the wire instantly. Again we are not supposed to be this far ahead on the subject but it does not hurt to dabble in it.

These effects may seem rather mundane or unimportant, but they are really very important because they are at the base of our EE theorizing, on which everything else takes its starting perspective. Again, regardless of the true effect logic, this does not change anything in standard EE as far as measurements and formulas go. But it will at least give a more mentally acceptable visualization of our everyday EE effects.

What I am trying to do is go inside the wire, inside the battery, inside the capacitor or coil to better understand what makes them tick and bring this logic to the forefront. Only then will we be able to see the potential methods of OU.

But there is so much more to cover.

wattsup

[MileHigh]

Wattsup:

It's more like all of the atoms in the wire are just sitting there and then the voltage is applied and all of a sudden the atoms are in a "raging wind" of electrons.  It happens throughout the wire simultaneously.  Or if you want to split hairs, the electric field propagates at the speed of light so it takes a few nanoseconds.  Then it takes a short time for the voltage to overcome the inductance of the wire and induce the current flow.

So on the wire scale the wire heats up, and for TK's case the wire heats up instantly and then starts to boil.  The heat causes expansion and gives the molten and boiling metal outward velocity.  Since you are on a long wire, the mass is expelled outward radially.  It's just a quick energy conversion that's taking place when the wire flashes:  electrical -> heat -> motion.

It's all quite straightforward.  I don't see any surprises.  The issue for you is visualizing the start of the current flow. The current moves everywhere at the same time; through the entire volume of the battery and through the wire.  A very fast power burn takes place, so fast in TK's case that it would be better described as an energy impulse.  So if the energy impulse is very large and very short in duration, you get a massive generation of heat energy in a very short time.  The heat has nowhere to go at first, so the wire has to shoot up in temperature until it pops and the circuit is broken.  It's basically an electrical firecracker and heat is the root cause of the metal spraying out radially.

Also, in TK's case, the metal wire heats up and starts to vaporize so quickly that the enamel coating doesn't even have time to heat up.  So the enamel coating is still quite strong overall for a very short amount of time, such that the pressure from the molten wire pokes holes in it and a lot of the molten and vaporized metal escapes that way.

MileHigh

[Dave45]

"Where amperage and voltage meet" ? What are you talking about? Do you understand, what are you talking about? ?? Amperage and voltage don't meet , but we also can't say that they go together. See http://amasci.com/elect/vwatt1.html

Yea my terminology was wrong, thanks for the link.