KARPEN PILE

[profitis]

Get your calculator out: for a zinc-air bat as prime example,,2Zn + O2 = 2ZnO + energy - phase change energy.2ZnO + energy - phase change energy = 2Zn + O2 + phase change energy.you gain on phase change energy.unless you can show better math

[MarkE]

Get your calculator out: for a zinc-air bat as prime example,,2Zn + O2 = 2ZnO + energy - phase change energy.2ZnO + energy - phase change energy = 2Zn + O2 + phase change energy.you gain on phase change energy.unless you can show better math

Taking energy out of a battery, Zn-air qualifies, always results in an increase in entropy.

[profitis]

Not in a battery where your phase-change gain exceeds irreversability losses no.also not in a battery where both your electrode reactions are the same but opposite direction as is the case for catalytic spillover.

[profitis]

Sheehans paper along same line as chang et al http://meetings.aps.org/meeting/mar14/session/a2.11

[MarkE]

Not in a battery where your phase-change gain exceeds irreversability losses no.also not in a battery where both your electrode reactions are the same but opposite direction as is the case for catalytic spillover.

You keep saying that you know of battery chemistries that violate the second law.  But when it comes to actually establishing that is true for any case you offer little more than hand waving.  Pomodoro went to a great deal of trouble to entertain your ideas and the results were negative.