Overunity is it possible?

[sm0ky2]

https://www.mpg.de/research/negative-absolute-temperature

[pauldude000]

Measurement can be wrong. In many electrical or electromagnetic systems, for instance, both input and output power can be distributed at different harmonics. Some of the input power may exist at a higher harmonic frequency in the form of waste heat. But this waste heat lost is usually not measurable using ordinary meters.  You may end up with COP>1 by measurement but your system cannot self-run for longer than 10 minutes.

The problem with overunity in such a situation as electromagnetism or EMR is that people are doing the standard approach whether they realize it or not. The standard approach cannot work, except for maybe small amounts due to inaccuracy of measurement or of testing systems, or small flaws in standard theory concerning efficiency of the standard as applied. They are trying to create a magnetic field with an electric current and are hoping to extract excess current from the current they supply. They are purposely creating a closed system and throwing the concept under the bus in doing so. To get actual OU in that manner will be an accident, not by design.


One of the problems I have noticed are that all the standards used with electricity do not reduce the electrons to their lowest possible energy state which means that all the testing methods are actually below COP=1. If you try to convert electricity to heat, there is still a usable current on the ground end of the resistance that can be used to perform work. I realize that you can get it close by measuring the voltage/current on both sides of the resistance and subtracting to see how much electricity is leftover, but it just goes to show that the conversion is incomplete and the measurement of the heat has to involve complete capture and measurement of said heat to be accurate. In that system it is hard to calculate heat loss to the environment as well, which further complicates the problem. Capturing all of the available energy to measure it can be close to impossible. All of this throws off the standard against which watt conversion depends upon for accuracy.


Many may not agree with me, but agreement is subjective. 

[sm0ky2]

Measurements of electricity are Always wrong.
We cannot know how much electrical energy we have.


We only know the potential voltage between our source and reference.


Current we may be able to have an accurate depiction of.
But never voltage.


If our reference is the earth, we can develop a standard of measure
But only relative to the earth ground (or earth positive by another method)
If we choose another point as our reference, the same source can have drastically
different voltage potentials.


For instance, an object insulated from earth may have a potential that is greater than
earth-ground. If this is our reference, the voltage is less from the same voltage source.
From the same perspective the reference itself has a potential to earth-ground.
We can find these objects with a meter to earth and test different objects.


If our reference is a point just outside the earth, our measured energy becomes
something to the tune of gigajoules, from the same source.
because the potential has increased by billions of volts.


Batteries are measured in potential only relative to themselves.
If it is an electrochemical battery, then we have a set energy value.
(in most methods of analysis)
because the reaction creates the potential.


Other voltage sources can be relativistic, only determined by our reference.
And in this form, the true "energy" quantity is unknown.


In electromagnetic induction, we create a potential between two ends of a coil,
and if this is our reference, we have a situation similar to the electrochemical battery.
However if the coil is in series with another reference, the same input force can result
in completely different energy measurements.


Now - does a voltage bias create extra energy?
No
Only a difference in measurement.


Let's say we place a battery in series with an electret (or permanently charged object)
Our measurement shows more total power (because total potential measurement is greater)
But the available energy from the battery remains the same.


This is why we use earth ground, or ground electronics to the case
common-ground, common reference.
To standardize our measurements.
It has nothing to do with the actual value, only our perspective.