Kapanadze and other FE discussion

[Sergh]

Sergh: It's just that the elements are in the same places.

Don't know. The picture is blurry. But what's the difference? Maybe Kapanadze had some other intermediate version of the generator with KZ106 diodes, for example, 2 kilowatts.
How do you estimate the power of the spark in the spark gap?
The spark is very weak in these generators and barely visible. I think for this spark is need not more as 20 - 50 watts from power supply.
The voltage on the spark gap should be 5-8 kilovolts for a guaranteed breakdown. What will be the average current? About 4..7 milliamps. A weak source will not burn any of these diodes.
The only question is the current in the pulse. But the spark is weak, I think that the storage capacitor before the spark gap has a very small capacitance, up to hundreds of picofarads. The max energy per pulse for these diodes probably cannot be found in old datasheets.

[r2fpl]

Don't know. The picture is blurry. But what's the difference? Maybe Kapanadze had some other intermediate version of the generator with KZ106 diodes, for example, 2 kilowatts.
How do you estimate the power of the spark in the spark gap?
The spark is very weak in these generators and barely visible. I think for this spark is need not more as 20 - 50 watts from power supply.
The voltage on the spark gap should be 5-8 kilovolts for a guaranteed breakdown. What will be the average current? About 4..7 milliamps. A weak source will not burn any of these diodes.
The only question is the current in the pulse. But the spark is weak, I think that the storage capacitor before the spark gap has a very small capacitance, up to hundreds of picofarads. The max energy per pulse for these diodes probably cannot be found in old datasheets.

I checked when the spark looked purple-blue and it was quiet. It looked best when I used ZVS + TDK around 50Khz. Without diode. You could say it was pure sine.

There may possibly be two spark gap.

The spark gap can be a protector and the copper coil is like a coax. Then sparkgap takes what exceeds the voltage.

[Sergh]

I checked when the spark looked purple-blue and it was quiet. It looked best when I used ZVS + TDK around 50Khz. Without diode. You could say it was pure sine.

There may possibly be two spark gap.

The spark gap can be a protector and the copper coil is like a coax. Then sparkgap takes what exceeds the voltage.

Of course it could be anything. But the picture shows only one spark gap. Foil can be used for heat dissipation.
Once I used 4 KZ106G diodes connected in parallel to rectify 2.6 kilovolts 30 kilohertz 200 watts. 20 milliamps per diode. It worked fine.
For this diodes in datasheet max current is 10 milliamps, but this is for a wide temperature range and for long-term operation.
When use this diodes for a short time, they can withstand a much higher current.
Somehow there was a short circuit in the load, the diodes got very hot and droplets of some kind of metal appeared on one diode outside the case. Probably something inside melted and the metal leaked out. Even after that, the diode worked, but I did not test it at rated voltage and after then threw it away.
For a nanosecond pulse generator, these diodes did not fit. They generated pulses, but too long.

[seychelles]

AGAIN WHY KAPA USED A COPPER PIPE AS HIS PRIMARY OF HIS TESLA COIL? WHY NOT JUST A THICK
WIRE . REASON THE SECRET IS WHAT IS IN THAT COPPER PIPE. INERT CONDUCTIVE GAS. IT HAS DO WITH
THE CAVITY RESONANCE OF THE GAS AND SKIN EFFECT. TESLA HIMSELF CONCLUDED THAT CERTAIN
CONDUCTIVE GAS AT LOW PRESSURE IS VERY LOW RESISTIVE TO HIGH FREQUENCY CURRENT.

[rakarskiy]

AGAIN WHY KAPA USED A COPPER PIPE AS HIS PRIMARY OF HIS TESLA COIL? WHY NOT JUST A THICK
WIRE . REASON THE SECRET IS WHAT IS IN THAT COPPER PIPE. INERT CONDUCTIVE GAS. IT HAS DO WITH
THE CAVITY RESONANCE OF THE GAS AND SKIN EFFECT. TESLA HIMSELF CONCLUDED THAT CERTAIN
CONDUCTIVE GAS AT LOW PRESSURE IS VERY LOW RESISTIVE TO HIGH FREQUENCY CURRENT.

Kapanadze solved the problem of transforming element No. 9 from a Transformer into a Current Generator (Current Amplifier).
Why, to get EMF on the conductor in the focus of the magnetic circuit and changing this magnetic field, when this same EMF can be obtained in a much more budgetary way. The main thing is to make it work on a conductor in the power circuit. You need to make the transformer work as a generator.   

Burykin Valery Ivanovich
      Current generator and voltage generator. What is the difference? What is a current generator and what are the areas of its application.
      ***
      On work it was necessary to find any clear description of what is a current generator (current stabilizer, current source), its areas of application and examples of calculation. Nothing acceptable could not be found.

The stupidity of physicists in explaining these two different generation devices is not perceived by practitioners. Example above (nothing clear in the explanation of the difference did not find) But everything is very simple on the principle of action of the source in maintaining the Force of current (I) at a given voltage in the circuit (U) in a circuit with a load (R): I = U/R; For a complete simple circuit need the resistance of the Source (r), then the formula will have the form: I = U/(R+r) The voltage drop Ui = IR (potential difference) is the condition for the occurrence of current in the circuit I = U/(R+r) and on the circuit section, the load: I = U/R The total EMF must have the form:  E = U + Ui

In a voltage generator (the best known is a battery), to hold the voltage, a chemical reaction produces this missing EMF value (Ui ), which turns into a current. In a current generator (the best known is a synchronous generator with a magnetic rotor), the total EMF E = U + Ui is the generator's idle voltage.
When connecting the load R, to the generator phase terminals, with its winding resistance r, to charge the battery (let's take an illustrative example) with voltage Ub (the same as the mains voltage), the formula for calculating the current will take the form: 

I = (E - Ub) / (R + r), where (E - Ub) = Ui   

For both voltage generator and current generator sources, the formula for the current in the loop will be general: I = Ui / (R + r)


Based on the topology of the transformer, to turn a transformer into a generator, it is necessary to make the currents in the turns of the input winding and the output winding flow in the same direction. That in a traditional transformer, is only observed in the reverse-phase version, with the EMF induced from the magnetic field of the core, a pure generator. Achieving linearity of the current pulse while maintaining EMF is virtually impossible without a sub-magnetization system. 

For the second solution, we need to provide sufficient primary voltage with the lowest possible current.  In order to exclude the transformer connection, we need another source included in series with our element, which will ensure the flow of current in the circuit and in the core of the element in the desired direction, In this variant there is a hope that the primary voltage will act only by transferring EMF to the secondary power core. Then the core will be electrically polarized and there will be a corresponding voltage drop, because the field will tend to close in the circuit and equilibrate, forming a corresponding current in the core of the circuit.

Optimal, however, is when the primary coils are located perpendicular to the core of the power winding. What we actually observe according to the figure, which with a very high degree of probability can be attributed to the authorship of Kapanadze.

Kapanadze has solved this problem!  It is possible that his element No. 9 is a symbiosis of a current generator and a voltage generator.  And the power circuit is more DC than AC.

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https://rakatskiy.blogspot.com/2023/07/the-mystery-of-kapanadze-generator.html