Kapanadze and other FE discussion

[stivep]

Hello Wesley!
I did not find possibility to download Frungel books in English without paying.
Found it in Russian, you can read Russian, right?
I couldn't find the title of this book or source. Can anyone provide the link or title of this book by Frungel?

I was about to go to work in the lab.
So what you need to do is :
Switch your VPN to  USA  e.g. NY.
Than go to  link :
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/231781707_Arc-liberated_chemical_energy_exceeds_electrical_input_energy

Than on that page press:
"Download full text PDF"
you may also look for the link by title:
Arc-liberated chemical energy exceeds electrical input energy PETER GRANEAU," NEAL GRANEAU,# GEORGE HATHAWAY$ and RICHARD L. HULL
_{J. Plasma Physics (2000), vol. 63, part 2, pp. 115–128. Printed in the United Kingdom # 2000 Cambridge University Press 115 Arc-liberated chemical energy exceeds electrical input energy PETER GRANEAU," NEAL GRANEAU,# GEORGE HATHAWAY$ and RICHARD L. HULL% " Centre for Electromagnetics Research, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA #Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK $ Hathaway Consulting Services, 39 Kendal Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5R 1L5 %Tesla Coil Builders of Richmond, 7103 Hermitage Road, Richmond, VA 23228, USA (Received 11 December 1998 and in revised form 5 August 1999)}

This paper reports the first experimental results in which the kinetic energy of cold fog, generated in a water arc plasma, exceeds the electrical energy supplied to form and maintain the arc. The cold fog explosion is produced by breaking down a small quantity of liquid water

_________________
Other  helpful links  in their full form:
_{https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-plasma-physics/article/abs/arcliberated-chemical-energy-exceeds-electrical-input-energy/C04579576552F5E2FBA3F8333E2F4DF2}

_{The 90-year history of unusually strong water arc explosions is reviewed. Experimental observations leave little doubt that internal water energy is being liberated by the sudden electrodynamic conversion of about one-third of the water to dense fog. High-speed photography reveals that the fog expels itself from the water at supersonic velocities. The loss of intermolecular bond energy in the conversion from liquid to fog must be the source of the explosion energy.}

_{https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0379711217302011}

_{There can be two aspects to this: the shock and sound waves propagated from the expanding arc channel, and the bulk pressurization of the enclosure, if arcing is taking place within a closed volume}

<sub>Note: the experiment of Dr. Janes
https://youtu.be/YyBahrxRxNw?t=395
https://youtu.be/-aGecOw5UKQ?t=197
https://youtu.be/qkLGSCXOxi8?t=925
is conducted without an enclosure.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0375960186901684</sub>

_{The most powerful explosion so far observed imparted an impulse of 7 N s to a metallic projectile of 1.6 kg mass. The strengths of the impulses scaled proportionally to the electrodynamic action integral. For an arbitrarily chosen current pulse shape and magnitude, the plasma explosion in saltwater is much more powerful than the action of a railgun.}

<sub>Here we have the two statements  "more powerful" and  "seawater."
railgun  is explained here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railgun

Video standing for superiority of  saltwater over aluminum fuse is here:
~Twice more strong effect.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x8SKce1OneE&t=186s
-some explanation but not exactly related is here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_rocket
-Not related but interesting: https://spinoff.nasa.gov/Spinoff2020/t_6.html
Application in Trojmiasto  used only saltwater.
https://overunity.com/17735/kapanadze-and-other-fe-discussion/msg582676/#msg582676

http://tuks.nl/pdf/Reference_Material/Electrolysis_Water_Arc_and_Dielectric_Breakdown/Leavitt%20-%20Do%20water%20arc%20explosions%20release%20internal%20water%20energy%20-%202013.pdf
"Do water arc explosions release internal water energy? If so, what is the source of the released energy?" Tucker Leavitt Senior Project Advisor: Steve Smith

http://www.tuks.nl/pdf/Reference_Material/Electrolysis_Water_Arc_and_Dielectric_Breakdown/Graneau%20-%20The%20Anomalous%20strength%20of%20Cold%20Fog%20Explosions%20caused%20by%20High%20Current%20Water%20Arcs%20-%201998.pdf
THE ANOMALOUS STRENGTH OF COLD FOG EXPLOSIONS CAUSED BY HIGH CURRENT WATER ARCS N. Graneau</sub>

_{bonding  vibrational force constant : 24 and 32meV.}

Wesley

[Sergh]

Hello Wesley!
  I think you misunderstood me. I previously read and analyzed this article:

P.Graneau, N.Graneau "Arc-liberated chemical energy exceeds electrical input energy"

The article contains a lot of extraneous information about the shape of the discharge, the amazing holes that the water discharge creates in aluminium, and other  visual effects. But the article does not calculate efficiency, there is no real determination of how much energy is consumed and how much is produced.

Therefore, I need additional materials referred to by the authors of the article:

P.Graneau, N.Graneau "Arc-liberated chemical energy exceeds electrical input energy"

During the Second World War, Frungel (1948) measured the unusual strength of water arc explosions. He concluded that the explosions were not caused by heat and steam, and admitted freely that he was unable to explain the phenomenon.
Soon after Frungel's publications, water arc explosions found applications in electrohydraulic metal forming (Gilchrist & Crossland 1967) and underwater pulse echo sounding (Frungel 1965).

References
...
Frungel, F. 1948 Optik 3, 125.
Frungel, F. 1965 High Speed Pulse Technology, Vol. 2. Academic Press, New York.
...

References to Frungel seemed to be found in the themes of Edwin V Gray:

Patent US3890548A Pulsed capacitor discharge electric engine

At the beginning of the patent we see:

OTHER PUBLICATIONS
Frungel, High Speed Pulse Technology, Academic Press Inc., 1965, pp. 140-148.

Of course, his old videos with tossing up objects from discharges correspond to the themes of Frungel's or Graneau's works.
EV Gray 1986 Promotional Video - Part 1

EV Gray 1986 Promotional Video - Part 2

EV Gray 1986 Promotional Video - Part 3

Edwin Gray's patent also contains something similar to a spark gap.

Efficient power supply suitable for inductive loads

Efficient electrical conversion switching tube suitable for inductive loads

Let's get acquainted with the books of this Frungel together, maybe there will be answers to our questions.
I found a scan of a large, thick book by Frungel about spark gaps and discharges in water, but in Russian, translated from German:

Pages 272 - 283 Frungel Frank Pulse technology. Generation and application of capacitor discharges. 1965

But in this book, Frungel nowhere declares obtaining overunity or free energy, or efficiency above 0.7.

Maybe you or someone from the community can tell us links to download Frungel books in English or German or another?

Frungel, High Speed Pulse Technology, Academic Press Inc., 1965, pp. 140-148.

[Sergh]

Mouse's answer about that,what could was inside grenade kapanadze.
http://geoisotopes.com/ru/boron-ru

It's good if so. If it is related to the "Borenium Salt", which is indicated in the picture as being inside the Kapanadze coil.
But what next? Why is some boron salt poured into the coil?
And why is it literally written "Borenium salt"
Isn't it boron salt?

It can be assumed that on the bottle from which this salt was poured, it was literally written "Borenium salt". But what is it then?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boranylium_ions

... A borenium ion is an inorganic cation In this class of molecules, the electron-deficient boron center
Reactivity and applications

Electrophilic aromatic borylation

Some electrophilic chemicals that are used in advanced organic chemistry. 
It remains unclear whether this salt is poured only on one side, which is somehow illogical, or whether the entire space in which the ferrite rings and "Tesla bifilar coils" are located is covered with it? That is, is this "Borenium salt" one of the main components or an auxiliary component?

If you look closely, the ferrite rings form a pyramid. The diameter of the rings gradually decreases from left to right.
Why is this necessary? I can assume that some kind of flow must cover the entire surface of the rings and carry away or bring something.
I assume that this diagram is incomplete, some components are missing.  In this form, the circuit cannot work, while creating a ground current of 26 amperes 50 Hz with a meager capacitance relative to the surface.

[hartiberlin]

  Yes  and here is my response: _{"overunity"  is the word and the term.
As a word used by some guy  who found $100 on the street of Chicago is OK.
As a term, "overunity"   conflicts with  laws of  thermodynamics 
as well as "perpetual motion" machines, time travel,  antigravity,  and more  is just,
colliding with  physics laws fantasy, not welcomed, in my part of the forum.
Bottom line is: it is rejected by science.}
Wesley

That is not true,you seem to neglect, the greek inventor Zografos , who runs his house on water and some catalyst..
This is a reason to remove you as a moderator.Sorry, but I have told you several times, that you are wrong with this...
Regards, Stefan. (admin)

[Kator01]

Sergh,


concerning  Prof.Früngel I found the following document from a german University (english )
which might be of interest here


Commercial Pulsed Power Applications in Germany Markus J. Loeffler (University of Applied Sciences Gelsenkirchen)


https://www.w-hs.de/fileadmin/public/dokumente/erkunden/fachbereiche/FB2_ElaN/FB2_ElaN_ET/Laboratorien/Hochspannungstechnik/Paper-PPT-02-37-PST-02-80.pdf


Mike