Kapanadze and other FE discussion

[stivep]

But if we cool a certain body (environment) ? Without initial temperature difference.
The internal energy of a substance is always directly proportional to its temperature.
So we can take some of the energy from the substance and use it. Or is that also impossible?
Only this is difficult to implement constructively, but that's another question.

Energy used for cooling  comes from you  are paying for it
Wesley

[stivep]

Wesley, you are ignoring electromagnetism, and this particular thing is already a priori OverUnity!
The magnetic field of a magnet, what do you think, what kind of Energy?

You gave complex question and I  will try to  respond to quoted portion of it.

LET ME START FROM MAGNETIC FIELD ALONE:
I'll be using language  easily absorbed  by any audience ( simplified) so  do not catch me on it please.
Think about the most "selfish" thing in the planet earth.
Magnetic field of the magnet is self contain and it doesn't interact with anything
Yes  permanent Magnet  makes a lot of things around it to obey its presence but magnet doesn't obey anything (accept e.g temperature change.)
at Curie temperature magnet  loses its "magnetism"
the-curie-temperature-and-magnetic-properties/

So it is like talking to a person who takes "space" and disturbs your comfort  but  having no way to make him  to interact  with you.
It is only you who is benefited / limited/ or in any  other way affected .


Characterization :
<sub>-A magnetic field is a field explaining the magnetic influence on an object in space.
-Magnetic field lines don't start or stop anywhere, they always make closed loops and
will continue inside a magnetic material ---(though sometimes they are not drawn this way).
-Magnetic field lines never cross
-magnetic field is described mathematically as a vector field
But vector doesn't have to mean  motion (controversial statement)
https://www.britannica.com/science/vector-physics
as vector has magnitude and  direction, it does not have position.
-density of magnetic field lines indicates the strength of the field.
-has two ends called poles; one end is the north pole and the other is the south pole.
A north pole will attract a south pole; the magnets pull on each other. But the two north poles will push each other away. We say the magnets repel each other.
-magnetic field has no mass because photons don't have mass.

more is here : https://www.khanacademy.org/science/physics/magnetic-forces-and-magnetic-fields/
magnetic-field-current-carrying-wire/a/what-are-magnetic-fields</sub>
________________________________________________

Why can't magnetism be used as a source of energy?
_{Because magnets do not contain energy — but they can help control it...
https://engineering.mit.edu/engage/ask-an-engineer/why-cant-magnetism-be-used-as-a-source-of-energy/}


(32)   Free Energy from the Earth's Magnetic Field?
_{I am a yr 12 physics student from Australia, and I was wondering if we can make an electrical current flow in a
wire or piece of metal using the earth's magnetic field. Because in a similar way electrons in a wire can be forced to
flow due to magnetic fields placed nearby the wire. Surely this would be a cheap and efficient form of "free energy"
perhaps? I was just wondering anyhow, I hope you can provide me with an answer.}

Reply :   _{You need understand better the difference between the effects of electric and magnetic field,
say on electrons, the particle which carry electric currents in wires.     Electric fields PUSH electrons, and can
give them energy--they do so to electrons in wires the way pressure drops pushes water through pipes.     
Magnetic fields are more subtle. Out in space, where electrons are not bound to wires but fly through
space, magnetic fields can DEFLECT them to different directions, but do not give them any energy.
That is how the Earth's field can trap radiation belt particles, year after year after year:
it has a great effect on their motion, but because the field needs not spend any energy on doing so, it is
A CHANGING magnetic field does create an electric field, and therefore CAN impart energy.
Magnetic storms involve such changes, and can drive "Earth currents" which have been measured.
They can even add (at near-polar latitudes) extra currents to the electric grid, which have
been known to cause damage, because they resemble DC, and the grid is designed for AC.   
For more than that, you will have to study more about electricity and magnetism.
https://pwg.gsfc.nasa.gov/Education/FAQs3.html#q32}
_________________________________________________
Only changing  (e.g ,moving) magnetic field can induce current in the wire.
So if we had rotating wind turbine with magnets at the end in vicinity of the coil than  yes we can  induce current in it.

Creation/ origin of magnetic field I'll explain  in the next comment.
( simplified  explanation)

Wesley

[stivep]

Creation/ origin of magnetic field
( simplified  explanation)
The magnetic properties of materials are mainly due to the magnetic moments of their atoms' orbiting electrons
So at the very point in time or space at which something "magnetic" starts: 
we  deal with electrons and its electrical charge , (energy level,) certain direction of its spin.
_{Atomic Energy Levels | Quantum physics | Physics | Khan Academy https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_vK5KPycEvA
The video shows only energy levels.}

magnetism largely comes from electron spins so to have magnetic field we also need 
electrons creating electron  pair ....  (on the same orbit -  Bohr atom model)
_{Note: outdated model of Bohr atom model is often  very helpful for beginners.  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohr_model}
Electron Pairing
After completing this section you will be able to do the following:
Explain what paired and unpaired electrons are.
Explain how paired electrons affect the magnetic properties of a material.
https://www.nde-ed.org/Physics/Magnetism/electronpairing.
The two electrons are paired, meaning that they spin and orbit in opposite directions. Since the magnetic fields produced
by the motion of the electrons are in opposite directions, they add up to zero.
The overall magnetic field strength of atoms with all paired electrons is zero.
So  electron is a moving charge and :
Magnetic forces do no work on moving charges !!!
_{Because it is confusing  here is article:
https://van.physics.illinois.edu/ask/listing/17176}


Skip this quote for  simplicity:

The magnetic moments of the nuclei of atoms are typically thousands of times smaller than the electrons' magnetic moments,
so they are negligible in the context of the magnetization of materials.
Nuclear magnetic moments are nevertheless very important in other contexts, particularly in nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) andmagnetic resonance imaging(MRI).

Magnetic field isn't made of photons
The magnetic field isn't made of photons. Photons are made of magnetic (rather, electromagnetic) fields.
To be specific, photons are ripples in the electromagnetic field.
So, a magnet is surrounded by a magnetic field. If the magnet is not moving, then the field is stationary, and there are no photons.
https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/195825/magnetism-and-photon
the link from above  represent little too much of a  "different school"
__________________________________________________________________

So since nothing is clear to an average reader ,  I'll try to find few helpful videos
Magnetic Properties   https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5-gVHE2VY0o
Magnetic Field of a Dipole  https://youtu.be/GSLjmi2qIfM?t=124

I can't find  video that shows  electron pair  so I'm posting here video that is partially wrong
but at least gives you some  form of understanding what magnetism comes from
https://youtu.be/MRqQQGO7Xe8?t=31

_{Note: Bohr  model of atom is no longer valid but is good  to simplify explanation}
Wesley

[stivep]

The electron has been orbiting the nucleus of an atom for billions of years.

Why electron doesn't orbit the nucleus:

What Does an Electron Look Like?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zZ5ww6aYAZ8

Watch video  from below for 15 seconds only.
Nuclear Magnetic Moment
_{https://youtu.be/3QniicZuVnc?t=664}

Wesley

[alan]

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i8yVJDO9HJ8