battery or ultra-/super-capacitor or 2-in1 as ultra-battery

[lancaIV]

The storage dis-/ad-vantages and their use :

mass,force,energy,work and power  by conditionized time and or velocity and/or area/volume

DC,AC,pulsed(PWM,duty cycle,duty factor )
AC :
power triangle

complex power S
active(real,true) power P   W units

reactive power Q  VAR units

apparent power |S| VA units

power angle
power factor

S= P + jQ

Q = 0 by resistive load
      ≤ 0   capacitive load ( leading power factor )
      ≥ 0     inductive load ( lagging power factor )

How to measure right efficiency and or a " co-efficient of performance",a.analog instrument b.digimeter !?

First :

"Pulse power measurement " by Prof. Kanarev  15 000 W ~ 144 W ~ 1,44 W  by peak-average point of view
                                                       calculatoric and by experiments

15 000 W : Wh compact ?       144 W : Wh compact ?    time factor  1,44 W : Wh compact ? time period factor

                                                       real c.o.p. versus fantom/apparent c.o.p.

[lancaIV]

https://medium.com/technicity/researchers-develop-a-hybrid-supercapacitor-with-a-large-storage-capacity-7c6d87311f97

https://www.advancedsciencenews.com/researchers-develop-stable-high-energy-density-supercapacitor/

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adma.202004560


                  up to     73 Wh/Kg   !




But commercial product storage capacity :


Shenzhen Yijiahong(Easehot) Technology Co Ltd


https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/New-technology-graphene-supercapacitor-4-2v_1600122209691.html?spm=a2700.7724857.normal_offer.d_image.60147ac8pKphwX


                    Energy density:            75wh/kg




https://patentauction.com/patent.php?nb=13385


2 Practical Demands and Current Situations of Energy Storage Applications


The popularization of large scale energy storage and high power energy storage require energy system have relatively high power density and relatively high energy density, moreover, long life and low cost that are similar with mechanic system are also required.


United States Advanced Battery Consortium USABC and Department of Energy DOE have set up standard demands for hybrid vehicle auxiliary energy system that are working with power over 625W/kg lasting 10 second, with total energy of 7.5Wh/kg.


Large scale energy storage ordinarily requires that the energy storage devices should reach about 4000 times in cyclic life, the cost should be less than 500 USD per kilowatt hours in near future, reach 125-250 per kilowatt hours in far future.


hybrid solution : https://www.navysbir.com/09_1/158.htm



So it will become important to observe the development from this application


https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&II=3&ND=3&adjacent=true&bcId=2&locale=en_EP&return=true&FT=D&date=20021231&CC=US&NR=6501093B1&KC=B1


citing document  institutions/companies their research results :


https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/citingDocuments?CC=US&NR=6501093B1&KC=B1&FT=D&ND=3&date=20021231&DB=EPODOC&locale=en_EP


f.e. http://capacitorsciences.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/CSI-Executive-Summary.pdf


Capacitor Sciences was founded in 2014 and was acquired in 2016 by Blue Solutions, part of the Bollore Group (EPA: Bol). The Company's molecular modeling and experimental results demonstrate the materials-based performance required to produce capacitive energy storage cells with a capacity of greater than 2.5 kWh/kg, ten times the specific energy of commercially available lithium ion batteries. The Company is now scaling up the production of its metadielectric materials for device development and testing. The Company plans to enter pilot production in 2020-2021 and engage in mass-market commercialization through corporate partnerships.


Capacitor Sciences has developed novel dielectric materials for energy storage devices with energy and power densities of more than 10X of lithium ion batteries at a significantly lower price


                                               

The Economics ( 2017 !) : Market Leading Price-Performance for All Segments


The available energy storage market forecasts assume high cost per kWh and, consequently, a limited market penetration. According to Bloomberg New Energy Finance, the average price of battery packs for Electric Vehicles (EVs) is now under $200/kWh but still needs to decrease to under $100/kWh to achieve mass-market penetration.


Capacitor Sciences intends to deliver energy storage modules for product integration at $50/kWh for EVs to reach price-performance parity with internal combustion engines and for the price of stationary storage of electricity not to exceed $0.01/kWh per cycle





https://patents.justia.com/assignee/capacitor-sciences-incorporated


https://patents.justia.com/patent/10597407


The energy storage capacity U is determined by the dielectric constant κ, the area A, and the breakdown field Ebd. By appropriate engineering, a capacitor or capacitor bank may be designed to have any desired energy storage capacity U.


By way of example, and not by way of limitation, given the above ranges for the dielectric constant κ, electrode area A, and breakdown field Ebd a capacitor in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure may have an energy storage capacity U ranging from about 500 Joules to about 2×10v16 Joules.

For a dielectric constant κ ranging, e.g., from about 100 to about 1,000,000 and constant breakdown field Ebd between, e.g., about 0.1 and 0.5 V/nm, a capacitor of the type described herein may have a specific energy capacity per unit mass ranging from about 10 W·h/kg up to about 100,000 W·h/kg, though implementations are not so limited.

[lancaIV]

capacitorsciences development  and


"circuit"



REVERSIBLE SUPER CAPACITOR BATTERY EXCLUSIVELY WITH THE PARALLEL BAND SUPER CAPACITOR
https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&II=12&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=20191031&CC=RS&NR=1618U1&KC=U1


http://translationportal.epo.org/emtp/translate/?ACTION=description-retrieval&COUNTRY=RS&ENGINE=google&FORMAT=docdb&KIND=U1&LOCALE=en_EP&NUMBER=1618&OPS=ops.epo.org/3.2&SRCLANG=sr&TRGLANG=en




motor-generator drive for this source


https://web.archive.org/web/20100412114141/http://www.trinitymotors.net/pressreleases.htm






and between source and motor-generator :


http://translationportal.epo.org/emtp/translate/?ACTION=description-retrieval&COUNTRY=DE&ENGINE=google&FORMAT=docdb&KIND=A1&LOCALE=en_EP&NUMBER=102010044865&OPS=ops.epo.org/3.2&SRCLANG=de&TRGLANG=en




motor-generator and Imris generator couple also for heat pump and rotative friction systems

[lancaIV]

https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=auto&tl=en&u=https://www.badische-zeitung.de/akku-explodiert-in-wohnhaus-vier-menschen-verletzt--201342176.html


high capacity energy storage dis-/advantages :


remembering the explosion from a Tandy disc-player capacitor explosion during experiments ( 2 x 1 x 1 cm)


and calculating with 0,02 Wh energy storage, a comparison with 1000 Wh-100 000 Wh/Kg capacitorsciences prediction ......


  great ( unfriendly) bumbs-potential

[lancaIV]

https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=de&tl=en&u=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/wirtschaft/vw-baut-netz-eigener-batteriezellwerke-in-europa-auf-17245765.html


"We are reducing the cost and complexity of the battery and at the same time increasing its range and performance," said Thomas Schmall, Volkswagen's Chief Technology Officer and responsible for battery production. The new standard battery, which will be installed across all brands in up to 80 percent of all electric cars the group by 2030, will reduce costs by up to 50 percent, according to the company. "On average, we will reduce the costs for battery systems to well below 100 euros per kilowatt hour." This will make electric mobility affordable.

Battery system = battery + charger + controler


battery charge cycle number ? 


f.e. 800 - 1000 charge cycles

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/discussion-quantumscapes-battery-technology-results-tim-holme

https://www.wired.com/story/quantumscape-solid-state-battery/#:~:text=According%20to%20QuantumScape's%20data%2C%20its,which%20is%20nearly%20double%20the

https://www.shanghai-electric.com/group_en/c/2019-07-31/554147.shtml
Long life cycle, batteries still remain 80% of total charge and discharge capacity after 5,000 cycles usage

One partnership (beside other : SKI, LG Chem und CATL,Guoxuan ,QuantumScape) : https://northvolt.com/solutions/#battery-systems

Probably "Quantumscape" like EEstor "history" : https://www.wiwo.de/my/technologie/mobilitaet/elektroautos-quantumscape-ist-vw-chef-diess-auf-einen-bluff-hereingefallen/27108504.html


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EEStor
dieselgate(r) bluffed by battery-gate(r)