Meyer type WFC - from design and fabrication to test and development.

[tak22]

Farrah Day,

Scale (calcium carbonate) is the undesirable consequence of water becoming super-saturated with dissolved minerals, pH, temperature, and pressure. Temperature might be the easiest factor to try for WFC tube conditioning.


It is common for chemicals to be added to achieve a chemical/mineral effect, so increasing the scaling tendency. Scaling deposits are very common in water subject to changes in pressure or temperature.

Super Saturation Effect on Scale Formation
Aqueous solutions can become supersaturated. Such solutions are not stable and are easily triggered into dropping back to saturation level, forcing the dissolved compound to precipitate. Even when a bulk solution is less than fully saturated, scale formation can occur spontaneously due to localized super saturation, at a surface for example.

pH Effect on Scale Formation
The pH of the water solution is directly related to its acid content (typically carbonic acid). The higher the acid content, the lower the pH number. The solubility of calcium carbonate is directly affected by the pH of the water. If the pH of the water is decreased, more calcium carbonate solid can be dissolved. Conversely, if the pH of the water rises, it will force calcium carbonate out of solution and hence scale deposits will form.

Temperature Effect on Scale Formation
Gases in general, and specifically carbon dioxide, are less soluble in water at high temperatures.

Therefore, as the temperature rises, the dissolved carbon dioxide decreases. This increases the pH of the fluid, reducing the solubility of the calcium carbonate and forcing the mineral to deposit.

Pressure Effects on Scale Formation
Carbon dioxide and gases in general are more soluble under higher pressure. Therefore, as the pressure drops, carbon dioxide gas will be forced out of solution, lowering the carbonic acid concentration. The rise in pH is associated with a drop in calcium carbonate solubility, leading to the formation of mineral scale deposits.


tak

[Farrah Day]

Thanks for that Tak.

Agreed, our hot water systems suffer much more from scale than our cold water systems.

Calcium carbonate is the stuff I really want to get hold of as it's only in our tap water in relatively small quantities - so it would be nice to give it a boost.  My test cell did not have to get hot to produce the white coating (which at this point I'm assuming is calcium hydroxide), so the electrolysis action itself must play a part - particularly the ionic reaction at the cathode.

I've just ground some blackboard chalk up into a fine dust and added this to fresh tap water in which my test cell is now submerged and running  However, I understand that this is actually gypsum (calcium sulphate) and not a carbonate, so we'll see if this provides any favourable results.

I know again that some of the chalk is ionising as the current through my cell immediately started to climb, but I'm not sure the chalk (or for that matter the hydrated lime) actually disolves very much, but rather tends to remain in the water as a suspension.

[AhuraMazda]

@Farah Day,
You look very well geared up for your experiment. I think one of the key points is how pulses are applied to the cells. I believe every one takes the easy route of applying a certain square wave to the cell. I blame this on people who propagate non working designs and then disappearing.

Meyer specifically stated stepped charging. To me that means a stair case type of voltage pulses.

He also did not say anything about adding anything to water. His process was not electrolysis.

I am still wondering about the use of the alternator in his demo.

A documnt that you may already have:
http://www.panaceauniversity.org/P8.pdf

Wishing you success

AM

[NTB]

Hi Farrah,

For increased Calcium Carbonate, you may want to try bottled water.

Some of the trendier mineral waters have elevated Calcium Carbonate.

This may help in conditioning your cells.

NTB

[Farrah Day]

Agreed AM, I never saw any mention in a Meyer technical brief or patent about cell conditioning - I have however read a lot of nonsense and misinfo he has written over the years, so have no faith in him whatsoever.  But don't forget we're not adding anything to enhance current flow specifically here, but just to encourage faster cell conditioning.  Once this is achieved I would go back to normal tap water.

I think if you're going to blame anyone for not being able to replicate Meyer's wfc, then the blame should lie with Meyer himself - too many obscurities, too many inconsistencies and blatant errors.

Take for example Meyer's stair case step charging.  Is there any specific purpose to the step charging, or is it just the natural charging cycle of capacitor charged via a pulse rather than dc?

Dog's, seems to have achieved this recently and infact at very high voltages (1MV +), but produced very little gas if any in some cases.  Yet Lawton and Ravi are having much more success with conditioned cells at much lower voltages.  The thing is that this conditioning will happen naturally over a given time using tap water or water containing minerals, so Meyer's cells must have at some point become conditioned similarly, whether he recognised this fact or not.

What I've said all along is that we need to know what we want to achieve. Once we know that it will be easier to figure out how to do it.  The problem is that no one currently seems to know for sure just how the water is broken down into it's components if it's not through normal electrolysis.  Is it simply ionising as in normal electrolysis or is it doing something more mysterious?

If so what? 

It is common knowledge that the water molecule is lighter than many other gas molecules, so by rights should not be a liquid at all, but is because the molecules 'clump' together. One theory is that using HV will break down the intermolecular bonding that 'clump' water together, by energising the contained atoms to higher energy levels. This then infact creates 'water gas', rather than O2 and H2.  This is what I believe is known as 'Brown's Gas' - again very unsure science.  A lot of 'theories' not enough 'provens'.

There are still too many very basic unknowns to figure out before major advances can be made, that's where sometimes taking things one step at a time and analysing every step can prove rewarding.

For me the key is learning the balanced reaction equation. We know the reaction equation for ionisation, but if it's not ionisation, what is involved in the reaction and henced balanced equation for what is occuring?  This is something Meyer never elaborates on.