I see an economic diasater coming...

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http://news.yahoo.com/vindicated-ridiculed-israeli-scientist-wins-nobel-183256852.html  triffid

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this guy could have been a billionaire.  http://news.yahoo.com/apple-billionaire-could-145426659.html
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http://news.yahoo.com/bad-us-falls-recession-163657631.html  how bad can it get if us falls into recession?


But recessions come in many varieties, and most are less scary than the last one. A review of past ones shows that:
â€" Profit drops range widely. From peak to trough, profits at S&P 500 companies, excluding financial firms, fell an average 32 percent in the past five recessions, according to Adam Parker, U.S. equity strategist at Morgan Stanley. He excludes financial firms because their record write-offs in the last recession turned S&P profits into losses, and would exaggerate the drop at the average company in the index.
The biggest fall in profits: 57 percent from the peak before the 2001 dot-com recession. Profits during the 1981-82 recession fell 17 percent.
â€" Recessions usually last less than a year. A recession that began in January 1980 was over in six months. The Great Recession that ended June 2009 lasted 18 months, the longest since the Great Depression. The 11 recessions since World War II averaged 11 months.
â€" Stock investors can get clobbered, but not always. Bear markets that accompany recessions have pulled stocks down an average 38 percent in the last five downturns, based on data from Sam Stovall, chief investment strategist at Standard & Poor's. From their October 2007 peak before the last recession, stocks fell 57 percent. But in the bear market during the recession that began in July 1990, they fell only 20 percent.
â€" By the time the economy falls into recession, much of the damage to stocks is usually over. The stock market famously looks forward six to nine months, and that's mostly true on the cusp of downturns, too. Stocks had been dropping for a year by the time the 2001 recession began. That's worth remembering if another recession is coming. The S&P 500 is already down 15 percent from its recent peak in April.

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I was just wondering when was it that man lost the ability to make vitamin c in his body?It appears that the line of mammals leading up to man may never have had it?mineral-deficient fresh-waters of estuaries. Some biologists suggested that many vertebrates had developed their metabolic adaptive strategies in estuary environment.[22] In this theory, some 400â€"300 mya, when living plants and animals first began the move from the sea to rivers and land, environmental iodine deficiency was a challenge to the evolution of terrestrial life.[23] In plants, animals and fishes, the terrestrial diet became deficient in many essential antioxidant marine micronutrients, including iodine, selenium, zinc, copper, manganese, iron, etc. Freshwater algae and terrestrial plants, in replacement of marine antioxidants, slowly optimized the production of other endogenous antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, polyphenols, carotenoids, tocopherols etc., some of which became essential “vitamins” in the diet of terrestrial animals (vitamins C, A, E, etc.).
Ascorbic acid or vitamin C is a common enzymatic co-factor in mammals used in the synthesis of collagen. Ascorbate is a powerful reducing agent capable of rapidly scavenging a number of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Freshwater teleost fishes also require dietary vitamin C in their diet or they will get scurvy. The most widely recognized symptoms of vitamin C deficiency in fishes are scoliosis, lordosis and dark skin coloration. Freshwater salmonids also show impaired collagen formation, internal/fin hemorrhage, spinal curvature and increased mortality. If these fishes are housed in seawater with algae and phytoplankton, then vitamin supplementation seems to be less important, it is presumed because of the availability of other, more ancient, antioxidants in natural marine environment.[24]
Some scientists have suggested that loss of the vitamin C biosynthesis pathway may have played a role in the theory of rapid evolutionary changes, leading to hominids and the emergence of human beings.[25][26][27] However, another theory based on the theory of evolution is that the loss of ability to make vitamin C in simians may have occurred much farther back in evolutionary history than the emergence of humans or even apes, since it evidently occurred rather soon after the appearance of the first primates, yet sometime after the split of early primates into its two major suborders haplorrhini (which cannot make vitamin C) and its sister suborder of non-tarsier prosimians, the strepsirrhini ("wet-nosed" primates), which retained the ability to make vitamin C.[28] According to molecular clock dating, these two suborder primate branches parted ways about 63 to 60 Mya[29] Approximately three to five million years later (58 Mya), only a short time afterward from an evolutionary perspective, the infraorder Tarsiiformes, whose only remaining family is that of the tarsier (Tarsiidae), branched off from the other haplorrhines.[30][31] Since tarsiers also cannot make vitamin C, this implies the mutation had already occurred, and thus must have occurred between these two marker points (63 to 58 Mya).
It has been noted that the loss of the ability to synthesize ascorbate strikingly parallels the inability to break down uric acid, also a characteristic of primates. Uric acid and ascorbate are both strong reducing agents. This has led to the suggestion that, in higher primates, uric acid has taken over some of the functions of ascorbate.[32]

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 Since tarsiers also cannot make vitamin C, this implies the mutation had already occurred, and thus must have occurred between these two marker points (63 to 58 Mya).So 58 to 63 million years ago?Right after the dinosaurs went extinct! Is there a connection?triffid