Here is a brief introduction to a science I have been developing related to my hobby-inventor experiments.
As the science develops, it acquires an increasing level of mathematical sophistication.
However, it is important to begin with a very open mind, and to be highly original. Any theory which can mathematically prove perpetual motion is on-par, in my mind, with Isaac Newton (incidentally I have been compared to him, but perhaps that is another matter. See: http://www.kgbanswers.co.uk/who-is-credited-with-the-theory-of-perpetual-motion/22774483 (http://www.kgbanswers.co.uk/who-is-credited-with-the-theory-of-perpetual-motion/22774483) )
At first I had very crude equations which I invented from thin air. They were the following:
Volitional Energy = Mobile U / (Fixed or Dual-Axial U)
Volitional Equilibrium = Modular U / (Stems / cycle / Subcycles / cycle)
Volitional Efficiency = Volitional Energy / Volitional Equilibrium
These equations were highly inventive all-in-all, but didn't have the cachet of conventional physics. They did seem to work, however, to explain which designs were better suited to functioning. But they could not prove absolutely that any of the designs functioned.
Only recently have I found the inkling of a better theory. However, I have found that it is frustratingly specific. It only applies to a very specific condition of angularity, in straight boards placed across one another, with the outer board being about 1/4 the height of a rolling weight placed upon it. This is what I call the "Master Angle Equation," and it is deceptively simple:
H - V > V (H) . It refers to the angularity relative to horizontal and relative to the vertical in that specific design, using crossed boards. Note that the lower left corner must be raised slightly above the lower right corner, and the upper right corner must be raised slightly above the upper left corner for a rightwards motion (or the reverse of all this for leftwards). Otherwise it can't work.
See the video of the functioning Master Angle, at: http://www.academicroom.com/video/master-angle-elementary-discovery (http://www.academicroom.com/video/master-angle-elementary-discovery) (it was not faked unless by telekinesis).
Also see my primary perpetual motion website, which you may or may not have visited before: http://www.nathancoppedge.com/Perpetual_Motion.html (http://www.nathancoppedge.com/Perpetual_Motion.html) .
"While they were floundering,
he was pondering: No more wandering
Through the dark tunnels of grim determination----
For no, it's time to grow in a thousand folded folds,
For which we need an infinite fuel"
---Nathan Coppedge
Nathan, could you possibly provide some diagrams along with your equations? They would go a long way to aid understanding in what you are describing.
Quote
At first I had very crude equations which I invented from thin air. They were the following:
Volitional Energy = Mobile U / (Fixed or Dual-Axial U)
Volitional Equilibrium = Modular U / (Stems / cycle / Subcycles / cycle)
Volitional Efficiency = Volitional Energy / Volitional Equilibrium
Could you please define the terms 'volitional energy', 'volitional equilibrium' and 'volitional efficiency'?
Why did you 'invent equations from thin air'? Did you observe some effect and produce these equations in an attempt to explain said effect?
QuoteH - V > V (H) . It refers to the angularity relative to horizontal and relative to the vertical in that specific design, using crossed boards. Note that the lower left corner must be raised slightly above the lower right corner, and the upper right corner must be raised slightly above the upper left corner for a rightwards motion (or the reverse of all this for leftwards). Otherwise it can't work.
I am not really understanding this part. Crossed boards?
You have been "compared with Isaac Newton".... In what way? Both of you have curly hair?
Give me a break. This has got to be a windup. I am sorry, but when you make statements like that you are opening yourself up for the harshest criticism and examination and I for one will want to know the justification for the statement. Newton was quite the mathematician you know, he wrote a little book that we today simply call "the Principia". Have you produced anything like that?
How about the calculus? Can you show us a rigorous mathematical derivation of your Volitional Mechanics equations up above? Can you draw a force vector diagram of your marble ramps and angles?
Have you ever seen one of these?
Quote from: TinselKoala on August 09, 2014, 12:14:04 PM
You have been "compared with Isaac Newton".... In what way? Both of you have curly hair?
Of course I consider the comparison to Newton only a curiosity. But if you do a little research on Nathan Coppedge, there is a website run by the British KGB, which is now an information-gathering agency. The website compares me to Newton and Einstein, when it comes to the invention of perpetual motion machines.
Here is the link to the info-gathering site:
http://www.kgbanswers.co.uk/who-is-credited-with-the-theory-of-perpetual-motion/22774483 (http://www.kgbanswers.co.uk/who-is-credited-with-the-theory-of-perpetual-motion/22774483)
Quote from: TinselKoala on August 09, 2014, 12:14:04 PM
Give me a break. This has got to be a windup. I am sorry, but when you make statements like that you are opening yourself up for the harshest criticism and examination and I for one will want to know the justification for the statement.
Of course I want my machines to be both criticized and confirmed to work.
Remember 2000 years is only about 45 X 45 years since the year 0. Then you add in that some people were slaves, some people were too poor to buy tools, some people didn't have the ideas, and some people were being conventional, and then it still looks possible that someone has not (or had not) yet invented it.
Here is a diagram of the Escher Machine, which uses 'master angles' designed to make objects roll upwards very slightly (this has been tested with a level, to within at least 90% probability of functioning, in certain very specific cases, following the equation mentioned above):
Quote from: TinselKoala on August 09, 2014, 12:14:04 PM
Have you ever seen one of these?
Yes, I know how those work, and certainly they have been part of my inspiration, but I think there are more exceptional cases, namely the Master Angle, which supports an object horizontally and at an angle, more than vertically, yet with the horizontal running ever-so-slightly upwards (yet not from above).
Quote from: s3370389 on August 09, 2014, 10:28:14 AM
Nathan, could you possibly provide some diagrams along with your equations? They would go a long way to aid understanding in what you are describing.
The Master Angle / Escher Machine diagram has been provided above. For other designs, see my primary website at http://www.nathancoppedge.com/Perpetual_Motion.html (http://www.nathancoppedge.com/Perpetual_Motion.html)
Mobile version: http://www.nathancoppedge.com/Perpetual_Motion.xhtml (http://www.nathancoppedge.com/Perpetual_Motion.xhtml)
Quote from: s3370389 on August 09, 2014, 10:28:14 AM
Could you please define the terms 'volitional energy', 'volitional equilibrium' and 'volitional efficiency'?
Why did you 'invent equations from thin air'? Did you observe some effect and produce these equations in an attempt to explain said effect?
I was simply saying that the equations are unreliable under any standard of conventional physics. They are only designed to describe functioning machines, not anything else. It does not even measure real 'over-unity', it only measures functionality relative to other designs, with the assumption that some of them work.
The terms are defined as best as I can by the equations. However, I can add additional information.
Volitional Energy is potential momentum.
Volitional Equilibrium is a rough measure of the ability to equilibrize. Scales are known to equilibrize, for example. This is used as a potential source of energy. However, smaller numbers are better the way it is measured.
Volitional Efficiency is potential momentum relative to the ability to equilibrize.
Impressed?
Quote from: s3370389 on August 09, 2014, 10:28:14 AM
I am not really understanding this part. Crossed boards?
This should already be explained by my diagram. It's a specific construction depending on complex 3-d angularity, and a specific height of support for the boards running underneath the marble.
Certain angles and heights (or perhaps more accurately 'angle' and 'height') are much more effective than others.
Quote from: s3370389 on August 09, 2014, 10:28:14 AM
Why did you 'invent equations from thin air'? Did you observe some effect and produce these equations in an attempt to explain said effect?
In a manner of speaking, yes. I was trying to do some fast thinking as patiently as possible. The equations are designed to predict functional, simple, over-unity devices, by doing the following:
1. In the energy equation, dual-directional units are bad (mathematically, in my equation), because I observed that dual-directional conventional wheel-type devices were never functional. I saw that these types were basically a dead end.
2. In the equilibrium equation, I made a further generalization, that stems are bad (it is bad to divide force) unless the division of force corresponds to an equal or greater number of modular units. I realized later that stems could effectively be eliminated from the equation in most designs, but it still proves to be clarifying occasionally. Essentially, stems clarifies that modular units are valuable in those terms. Modular units, however, must be defined by the earlier equation as not being dual-direction or fixed. They must be moving parts, and it must be a design for which there is little evidence of dysfunction.
3. In the efficiency equation, the two parts are compounded. A functioning device needs to not only meet the moving parts criteria of the equilibrium equation, but also must not be a conventional wheel-type device.
The equation is actually more complicated than that, but that describes the basics.
Quote from: TinselKoala on August 09, 2014, 12:14:04 PM
Have you ever seen one of these?
Re: Force Diagram
Here is my crude attempt to explain the forces in the case of the Escher Machine:
I have been away for a while. My apologies.
QuoteI was simply saying that the equations are unreliable under any standard of conventional physics. They are only designed to describe functioning machines, not anything else. It does not even measure real 'over-unity', it only measures functionality relative to other designs, with the assumption that some of them work.
Why are you inventing equations to describe functioning machines? As far as I understand the sub-fields of dynamics, kinetics and kinematics, describe machines very well.
QuoteVolitional Energy is potential momentum.
Why do you have an energy term that has the unit [(kg m) / s ]?
QuoteVolitional Equilibrium is a rough measure of the ability to equilibrize.
What are you referring to that has the ability to equilibrize?
Quote1. In the energy equation, dual-directional units are bad (mathematically, in my equation), because I observed that dual-directional conventional wheel-type devices were never functional. I saw that these types were basically a dead end.
Which energy equation are you referring to here? And what are dual-directional units?
Quote2. In the equilibrium equation, I made a further generalization, that stems are bad (it is bad to divide force) unless the division of force corresponds to an equal or greater number of modular units. I realized later that stems could effectively be eliminated from the equation in most designs, but it still proves to be clarifying occasionally. Essentially, stems clarifies that modular units are valuable in those terms. Modular units, however, must be defined by the earlier equation as not being dual-direction or fixed. They must be moving parts, and it must be a design for which there is little evidence of dysfunction.
I have no idea what any of this is.
I am trying to understand what it is that you claim your invention does, but none of the above is helping I am sorry to say.
Quote from: s3370389 on September 06, 2014, 08:09:06 AM
Why are you inventing equations to describe functioning machines? As far as I understand the sub-fields of dynamics, kinetics and kinematics, describe machines very well.
I'm trying to narrow down the types of properties that would work in a functioning machine. In my view, this requires a departure from traditions. Also, math and engineering isn't really my specialty. Most of the time I only expect someone else to carry on the ideas if they seem viable to them --- e.g. by checking with their own math / engineering skills. In my view, this is 'other people's work' (not meaning to be rude, but this is just the way I've found to allocate my 'ability points'.
Quote from: s3370389 on September 06, 2014, 08:09:06 AM
What are you referring to that has the ability to equilibrize?
A balancing scale, and by implication, any nearly balanced condition, typically involving a fulcrum or pivot-point.
Quote from: s3370389 on September 06, 2014, 08:09:06 AM
Which energy equation are you referring to here? And what are dual-directional units?... I have no idea what any of this is.
I am trying to understand what it is that you claim your invention does, but none of the above is helping I am sorry to say.
I have already explained that I am using my own equations (it is in the realm of proto-math, or typology, more than physics or engineering as people know it). These are general theories that in theory apply to more than one device.
Dual-directional units are units that move in more than one direction independently of the theoretical cycle of the device, or are balanced and move cyclically. Examples of this are major structures which tilt in multiple directions, meant to be caused to move by other structures, or weights which are symmetrically placed around such a structure, unless such weights are actually proven to be unbalanced (as I believe of the levers in the Tilt Motor, due to the limited resistance to the levers and limited need for upwards motion). Multiple reasons are needed to prove that something is not a dual-directional unit. It is desired that the larger value is the active units, which are non-dual-directional.
Quote from: s3370389 on September 06, 2014, 08:09:06 AM
Why do you have an energy term that has the unit [(kg m) / s ]?
I don't, do I? None of the terms I use are actually empirical, unless you're referring to the four types of vectors in the second diagram for the Escher Machine.
As I understand it, vectors can be measured in multiple ways, and the system used is for the most part sheerly arbitrary (just descriptive).
If you're wondering if the machine moves, I think I have evidence here:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DLHx-CphNZI
and here:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JT9YxNAUu6k
I will reply to the rest later when I have more time.
QuoteQuote from: s3370389 on September 06, 2014, 02:09:06 PM
Why do you have an energy term that has the unit [(kg m) / s ]?
I don't, do I? None of the terms I use are actually empirical, unless you're referring to the four types of vectors in the second diagram for the Escher Machine.
I am referring to your volitional energy term which you state as being equal to potential momentum. Momentum being mass x velocity. The units of momentum being [kg] x [m/s].
This is not an unit of energy.
Also, your vector diagram for the Escher machine is unclear. Are these vectors all occurring in one plane?
Again, I will respond to the rest later.
Quote from: TinselKoala on August 09, 2014, 12:14:04 PM
You have been "compared with Isaac Newton".... In what way? Both of you have curly hair?
I never actually saw this part, almost fell off my chair.
Even if you made an 100 kW device that fit in a suitcase I wouldnt call you Newton.
For every 1000 OU inventors, there was a great physicist like Newton.
Forever, he will be one of the best. Never ever measure yourself against Newton.
And it dont matter if a few rules dont seem to work in every instance.
That is simply natural to have a few mistakes, he was doing his best to visualize it.
We are connecting easy dots, like logical monkeys would put a square in the right hole, everything was already layed out when we were born,
by people like Newton.
Quote from: s3370389 on September 09, 2014, 01:08:07 AM
I am referring to your volitional energy term which you state as being equal to potential momentum. Momentum being mass x velocity. The units of momentum being [kg] x [m/s].
This is not an unit of energy.
It is my observation that momentum and energy have a hazy similarity in the case of simple perpetual motion machines, for the simple reason that (some) mass translates directly into energy in the case of any simple working machine. Because the mass and the energy are not the same number (and it would be arbitrary if they were), and it is ambiguous how much of the mass is contributing to energy, it seems acceptable to declare that momentum, using mass and velocity, is comparable to energy, (in order to solve the problem). This is partly a way of deferring to conventional physics, but with the view that in a simple machine, velocity isn't inherent at all, and thus, everything amounts to mass, thus there is a principle of mass-momentum, or in other words, momentum without inherent velocity.
Quote from: s3370389 on September 09, 2014, 01:08:07 AM
Also, your vector diagram for the Escher machine is unclear. Are these vectors all occurring in one plane?
The vectors are approximated, but you can kind of tell that they occur in a fan shape between the rightwards motion and the nearly-horizontal G-vector. As I have observed the rightwards motion is sometimes slightly upwards (1/160th to 1/320th of an inch per inch), because of the backboard pushing horizontally with relatively less resistance on the horizontal dimension, summed up by the formula H - V > V(H), referring to angles approximately.
The G-vector you can detect by noting the direction the backboard is pushing the marble. It is approximately perpendicular to the horizontal slope, and follows the angularity of the backboard.
The force vector is the G-vector modified by the angle of the horizontal slope. Thus, it is somewhat complex, because the angle is modified in three different dimensions.
The G-F differential is merely the vector in-between the G-vector and the force vector.
The direction of motion, on the other hand, follows the precise channel laid out by the cardboard arrangement, and thus modifies the force vector, which is somewhat horizontal and rightwards, yielding (sometimes) a slight upward motion, and I believe (in an even narrow set of cases) at no cost of energy.
Thank you for your interest in this simplest of machines.
Quote from: ARMCORTEX on September 09, 2014, 01:28:48 AM
I never actually saw this part, almost fell off my chair.
...
Forever, he will be one of the best... everything was already layed out when we were born,
by people like Newton.
Perhaps the KGB owed me a favor for defecting to England, but to quote KGB Answers:
'Who is credited with "the theory of perpetual motion"?'
'Several scientist has been credited for their theories of Perpetual Motion such as Isaac Newton, Nathan Coppedge, and Albert Einstein.'
Read more http://www.kgbanswers.co.uk/who-is-credited-with-the-theory-of-perpetual-motion/22774483#ixzz2YiKUR4kz (http://read%20more%20http://www.kgbanswers.co.uk/who-is-credited-with-the-theory-of-perpetual-motion/22774483#ixzz2YiKUR4kz)
Take it with a grain of salt, and it begins to make sense. Especially if my devices work. Perpetual motion machines might be remembered longer than the atomic bomb, if I get what I wish. Newton didn't invent the atom bomb, so by this logic, I might be greater than Newton, if and only if I was the only one to invent a working perpetual motion machine, which given the number of frauds, electric-focused tinkerers, slaves, and pure-businessmen, seems possible (if and only if).
New link on Volitional Science / Volitional Mechanics / Volitional Energy up at:
http://www.nathancoppedge.com/volitionalenergy.html (http://www.nathancoppedge.com/volitionalenergy.html)
Maybe it will clarify some things for those that want the good stuff, rather than the bad stuff.
defining momentum in a theoretical time-space is clear, cut and dry...
however, momentum itself depends upon a discrete knowledge of a mass' velocity.
which we have no way of truly knowing.....
so, what we observe is "relative momentum". i.e. a mass' momentum relative to the motion of the observer.
while this in and of itself, certainly does not represent any absolute energy value, the momentum of an object
CAN however translate purely to energy in specific cases.
Momentum is always conserved
one such case here on earth, is an object placed 9.8 meters above the ground.
here, if the object were to fall, time (s) = 1
the final momentum of the object at the time of impact is the same as its' energy.
and the potential energy at the start of the system.
now, there are other momentums to consider,
at moments smaller than 1s, which is why they can only be considered the same under certain conditions.
but for the analysis of the system, we will use 1 second.
during this one second, the potential energy of the object became kinetic energy
while momentum (from our inertial frame of reference) increased
from 0 to a value that is equal to both the initial potential energy and the final kinetic energy.
In this case, the Violition Energy would be something like:
VE= system energy + the OU energy = Momentum + a larger than expected crater when the object hits the ground.
there are other areas of physics where time falls out of the equation and momentum and energy translate as one.
magnetic fields, gravity, electrostatics, heat, light, etc....
if you consider the simplest form, as in a pendulum impact hammer, or a balance beam
momentum can be made to translate directly into energy in certain cases
Here's a question
If you push an object with one Joule of energy,
How many Newton-Meters/Meter are there across a distance of One meter?
you see? momentum is not the only thing we can translate from our energy.
the reason we have standard units, is because when you reduce them, they are all the same.
one cubic meter over 1 second of time, at sea level, standard temperature and pressure....
everything becomes 1 and our units are meaningless :)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ABOUT THE ESCHER GRAVITY DEVICE:::::::::::::::
----MASTER ANGLE?!?!?!?!?------
Try this: extend the boards with one "master angle"
very very very very very long, or as long as you can find the wood for.....
and see how high you can get it to roll, over a long distance.
Quote from: sm0ky2 on November 23, 2015, 12:12:57 PM
If you push an object with one Joule of energy,
How many Newton-Meters/Meter are there across a distance of One meter?
you see? momentum is not the only thing we can translate from our energy.
the reason we have standard units, is because when you reduce them, they are all the same.
one cubic meter over 1 second of time, at sea level, standard temperature and pressure...
ABOUT THE ESCHER GRAVITY DEVICE
----MASTER ANGLE?!?!?!?!?------
Try this: extend the boards with one "master angle"
very very very very very long, or as long as you can find the wood for.....
and see how high you can get it to roll, over a long distance.
Given and granted the laws of physics work as they work. The question is, HOW do they work? Is there ever an exception, even relativistically (in the philosophical sense of relativism)? The Escher Machine is not the best example. The modular trough leverage device has more evidence behind it, although both have showed what appears to be acceleration.