https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/solar-cells-perovskite-films-made-at-record-low-cost-and-speed/4012887.article#/
https://www.pv-magazine.com/2020/08/24/portugals-second-pv-auction-draws-world-record-low-bid-of-0-0132-kwh/ (https://www.pv-magazine.com/2020/08/24/portugals-second-pv-auction-draws-world-record-low-bid-of-0-0132-kwh/)
11,25 Euros per MWh
Later lower grid-electricity costs and the second advantage :
lower " Primary Energy Factor " important as building energy consume factor
https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=de&tl=en&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prim%25C3%25A4renergiebedarf (https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=de&tl=en&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prim%25C3%25A4renergiebedarf)
Primary energy factor according to GEG
"Environmental energy" solar energy, ambient heat, etc. FACTOR 0.0
https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=de&tl=en&u=https://www.hea.de/presse/primaerenergiefaktor-fuer-strom (https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=de&tl=en&u=https://www.hea.de/presse/primaerenergiefaktor-fuer-strom)
as example in future :
4000 Wp solar electricity consume for heating/cooling x Primary Energy Factor 0,0 = 0,0 W consume by "PEF=0,0 electricity"
= ZERO PRIMARY ENERGY BUILDING
old or new low-e buildings with solar electricity delivered
better than technical "Solar Passive House"-standart requirements
https://www.ecohome.net/passive-solar-index/ (https://www.ecohome.net/passive-solar-index/)
a Passive Solar home with a Passive Solar Index of only 15 kWh per square meter (https://www.ecohome.net/guides/1204/canadas-first-leed-v4-platinum-house/)
We have now the competition between low cost and low "primary energy factor" between solar photo voltaic devices
and wind generator
and
as third hydrogen + https://judbarovski.livejournal.com/173410.html?utm_source=3userpost (https://judbarovski.livejournal.com/173410.html?utm_source=3userpost)
Wind and ambiental energy force converting technologies, in mass production generating in the 1,5-1,0 Euro-cent/s per KWh range :
https://contest.techbriefs.com/2010/entries/sustainable-technologies/527 (https://contest.techbriefs.com/2010/entries/sustainable-technologies/527)
https://web.archive.org/web/20110703045933/http://www.airpower.co.il/ (https://web.archive.org/web/20110703045933/http://www.airpower.co.il/)
The given 3,4 US$ cents (airpower) and 3 US$cents (Prueitt) would be the commercial price per KWh electricity fob power plant with patent exclusivity,now open source conditioning 70% less (no R&D costs )
3,4 x 0,3 and/or 3,0 x 0,3 = near the 1 US$cent/range per KWh
russian aveurope group built a similar technique prototype (375 US$/KW ) and predicted 1 US$cent/KWh production costs
airpower (Israel Hirshberg) predicted commercial price : 1000 US$/KW
The second advantage,beside owner- and restrictions free technolgies,the labs knowledge evolution in material
process and kind,instead copper coils abundant aluminium or sodium use,later graphene
3d production process ( mini-factory in a container-box)
so we can predict : the in-situ 3 KW home generator in the 1000 US$ range,24/365 functional
4th alternative,EMD :
Compared the Dr.Imris 2008 ready to build and patent applied electric generator :
First KW 11 Kg,next 2 and 3 KW each 3,5 Kg = total 18 Kg x 32 Euros/Kg production costs = circa 600 Euros/3 KW
Low serie middle european production condition ,2008 !
Observing Hitachi their permalloy/metglass production costs progress,alibaba gross-selling prices,and with falling capacitor costs
400 Euros/3 KW will become the mass production standart ! Production costs,not selling price !
Clearly Euro/US$ market tender ratio dependent ,actually 1,2 Dolar per Euro ,2008 1,47 Dolar per Euro !
https://web.archive.org/web/20060210232921/http://home.earthlink.net/~fradella/green.htm (https://web.archive.org/web/20060210232921/http://home.earthlink.net/~fradella/green.htm)
Some inverters turn off solar powered output when grid power is off. So then you have no power when the grid is down.
We can do far better. We can double the power from the same PV panels, protect the grid from "live loads" and provide uninterruptible power. Here is how:
Contrast the middle image's cyclic PV panel current, with the constant current at P=max, drawn by the 2-phase system illustrated by the right image. Phase 1 draws current Imax sin2(377t). And Phase 2 draws current Imax cos2(377t). So total current sum is Imax and it is constant.
+ incident radiation amplifier
https://www.facebook.com/HyperStealth-Biotechnology-Corp-185325401505637/videos/hyperstealth-patent-pending-solar-panel-amplifier/2267951829993383/ (https://www.facebook.com/HyperStealth-Biotechnology-Corp-185325401505637/videos/hyperstealth-patent-pending-solar-panel-amplifier/2267951829993383/)
serious ? https://www.rz-innovatec.com/
https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=de&tl=en&u=https://www.photovoltaikforum.com/thread/56987-doppelte-photovoltaikleistung-erzielen-mit-pq-sampling/?t%3D56987 (https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=de&tl=en&u=https://www.photovoltaikforum.com/thread/56987-doppelte-photovoltaikleistung-erzielen-mit-pq-sampling/?t%3D56987)
Innovative Technologies
Achieve double photovoltaic output with PQ sampling
PQPV-S DC voltage doubler and power amplifier for photovoltaic systems. Is connected between the module and the PV inverter.
Example:
Input PQPV-S 48 volts, 300 amps, 14.4 kilowatts,
output 96 volts 300 amperes, corresponding to an output of approx. 28 kilowatts.
The global e-provider/deliverer average price : 11 US$cents/KWh
Germany,electricity generating costs (all sources): 8 €cents/KWh
US business2business average electricity price : 5,5 US$cents/KWh
Portugal,2020 estatal bid/auction for electricity delivering : 1,125 €cents/KWh ( assuming after tax credit inclusion)
These are for me the technological step down price lines !
As private household,not in MW/MWh consume calculating,not 24/365 hours the same power level charging,
the 5 €cents or 5 US$ cents range per KWh safety,renewable and clean, to reach a success !
This is possible,monetary,when the total power plant costs,generator/controler, are available for 1 € or 1$ per Wp.
Net-grid quality !
Not as shop price,fob factory ! Not by installer,DIY kit !
Market average :
1 €/US$ commercial value fob factory ~ 4- 5 €/US$ ready-to-use installer end price
400% low/high end consumer electricity generating price /costs difference per Wh consume(-d) !
Remembering :
https://web.archive.org/web/20100811202210/http://www.io.com/~frg/history.htm (https://web.archive.org/web/20100811202210/http://www.io.com/~frg/history.htm)
This semiconductor-sized MEMS-TAR illustrates the direction we are going. This device has applications in solar energy conversion, waste energy recovery, biomedical applications, sensors and controls, etc. Control circuitry and power conditioning is designed into the mask and everything produced on the chip in one operation. It is designed for automated manufacture and assembly in a wafer fab, just like other MEMS devices. Production costs are estimated at less than US $250 per kilowatt of generating capacity. An estimated amortized cost for solar-electric power production is less than US $.01 per kilowatt-hour. Economical distributed power systems for the housing market are close to reality.
The MEMS-TAR is robust, and can be embedded into a paving and roofing tile. We have developed an iron-orthosylicate roofing tile with high thermal mass (42 W-hr/lb), just for this purpose. Residential and commercial roofs can become giant solar collectors with a built-in thermal storage mass that buffers the effects of intermittent clouds, etc. Architects should note that it can also be used for siding on high-rise office buildings, apartment complexes and shopping malls, and does away with solar panels that detract from the appearance of the structure. The unremarkable roof of the house shown below can be the power source for the home.
For stand-alone systems, energy storage is necessary to buffer the variability of direct solar energy. We've developed a metal alloy storage medium that never wears out. The Thermal Storage Cell stores 1000 kWh per cubic meter, and costs about $35/kWh of storage capacity.
https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&II=20&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=19860304&CC=US&NR=4574161A&KC=A (https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&II=20&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=19860304&CC=US&NR=4574161A&KC=A)
A bulk process is described which is capable of producing large area sheets about 8 micrometers thick having the property of light/electric power conversion at extremely high production rates (many m2/s) at low cost ($1/m2). The devices have an inherently high efficiency of 60-80% when laminated in an assembly to utilize both resolved light vectors.
56,25 % efficiency (75% x 75% tandem-cell)
life-time : 1/2 year !
$1 /(1333 Wp x 0,5625 ) = $1/750 Wp = 0,133 cent/Wp ( 1984 US$ !)
https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/solar-cells-perovskite-films-made-at-record-low-cost-and-speed/4012887.article (https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/solar-cells-perovskite-films-made-at-record-low-cost-and-speed/4012887.article)
$0.25 (£0.18) per square foot
https://www.metric-conversions.org/area/square-feet-to-square-meters.htm (https://www.metric-conversions.org/area/square-feet-to-square-meters.htm)
life-time ?
18% efficiency
264 US$-cents/sqm production costs
264 cents /(1333 Wp x 18%) = 264 cents/ 240 Wp = 1,1 cents/Wp (2020 US$ !)
Solar cells printing can bring from now 1 cent /Wp production costs fast <10 cents/Wp solar cells endconsumer price !
price amplitude preview in literature :
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=9210081 (https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=9210081)
Cai et al. estimate costs of 29.2 $/m² for a low-cost perovskite single junction module, based on processes such as screen printing and comparisons with the fabrication of dye-sensitized solar cells [11]. Additionally, costs of 38.8 $/m² are estimated for a high-end device that is fabricated with more complex processes, common to silicon manufacturing
264 US$-cents/sqm versus 2922 or 3880 US$-cents/sqm
20% efficiency photovoltaic cells now standart,in the 20¢/Wp fob factory price range .
1sqm radiation area efficient for :
https://mtbest.net/energy-efficiency/ (https://mtbest.net/energy-efficiency/)
0,8 KWh per day electric power consume ,well organized and choosen electric appliances !
by
https://judbarovski.livejournal.com/171628.html? (https://judbarovski.livejournal.com/171628.html?)
https://judbarovski.livejournal.com/ (https://judbarovski.livejournal.com/)
1500 KWh solar radiation zone
183 days 2/3 ~ 1000 KWh a 20% conversion = 200 KWh electric power
183 days 1/3 ~ 500 KWh x 1,8 reflector a 20% conversion = 180 KWh electric power
200 + 180 = 380 KWh electric power per year /365(366)days per year = more than 1 KWh per day !
Self-sufficiency ! Foreign-independent ! The next neighbour is soon foreigner ! Not : for-Eigen-er !
'fat consume' becomes a problem ,will become deleted ,by avaliation and competition result !
90% will loose ,global,meta study ex(s)pectation !
More space,more time,more conscious for the 10% !
Beside solar the heatpump cycle scheme using A(tmospheric)W(ater)G(enerator),f.e. Sullivan Shaun,
dehumidifier principle
with improved electric generator equipped Dowdy cold flue to electricity conversion concept :
https://patents.justia.com/patent/20180340713 (https://patents.justia.com/patent/20180340713)
600 eW per hour function consume (Sullivan Shauns 25 Lt/day AWG conventional )
300 eW Hallbach array kind motor drive
150 eW geared PM-array motor drive
75 eW geared PM-array with superconduction type coil circuit
less
Dowdy III 45% unimproved 600 eW based cold flue conversion e-recuperation :
600 eW x 0,45 = 270 eW per hour
x (0,45x1,8) improved efficiency generator = 486 eW per hour
x (0,45 x 1,8 x 1,33) = +- 646 eW per hour cold flue conversion e-recuperation,
1,33 the David Yurth generator coil coating (assuming capacitive effect )
Year-round electricity generation,included drinkable water delivery !
The Dowdy concept also usefull as hot air cooling net zero energy (net power consume ) chiller in hot areas !
Sinceresly
OCWL