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| With the mess India is in now thanks to the Coronavirus, mismanagement, a lack of ICU facilities and oxygen, I am wondering what can be suggested for a simple piece of kit to generate of the order of 10 litres per minute of oxygen.
I checked out Patrick's Chapter 10, but being geared to cars, it is mainly projects generating hydroxy gas, which is not readly separatable.
What do people suggest?
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I was in this field 20 years ago and I'm trying to recall
some simple methods - not asking for a lot of money.
http://www.madehow.com/Volume-4/Oxygen.html#:~:text=Oxygen%20can%20be%20produced%20from%20a%20number%20of,oxygen%20in%20the%20air%20back%20into%20carbon%20dioxide (http://www.madehow.com/Volume-4/Oxygen.html#:~:text=Oxygen%20can%20be%20produced%20from%20a%20number%20of,oxygen%20in%20the%20air%20back%20into%20carbon%20dioxide).
the picture below is not closely related to the link from above
Wesley
here is another method but it needs energy..
in first you may look at unimportant to hydrogen production wasted oxygen .
in second picture you have Water electrolysis
https://engineered.thyssenkrupp.com/en/green-hydrogen/
(https://engineered.thyssenkrupp.com/en/green-hydrogen/) think of it as:
many industrial big technologies can work as small portable one .
Before big farm was big it was small.
Wesley
We see here that indian scientists and inventors are in search for -cheap and available- oxygen generator/concentrator solutions since 2020 ( by medical grade quality ! ):
https://www.google.com/search?q=low+cost+oxygen+generator&ei=plGEYPmeLYaSlwTJmJmgBA&oq=low+cost+oxygen+generator&gs_lcp=Cgdnd3Mtd2l6EAwyBAgAEBM6BwgAEEcQsAM6BwgAELADEEM6BggAEAcQHjoICAAQCBAHEB46CAgAEAgQDRAeOggIABAHEB4QE1Ci3QRYzfIEYPmCBWgBcAJ4AIABtAGIAYgHkgEDOS4xmAEAoAEBqgEHZ3dzLXdpesgBCsABAQ&sclient=gws-wiz&ved=0ahUKEwj5iZq3sJfwAhUGyYUKHUlMBkQQ4dUDCA4 (https://www.google.com/search?q=low+cost+oxygen+generator&ei=plGEYPmeLYaSlwTJmJmgBA&oq=low+cost+oxygen+generator&gs_lcp=Cgdnd3Mtd2l6EAwyBAgAEBM6BwgAEEcQsAM6BwgAELADEEM6BggAEAcQHjoICAAQCBAHEB46CAgAEAgQDRAeOggIABAHEB4QE1Ci3QRYzfIEYPmCBWgBcAJ4AIABtAGIAYgHkgEDOS4xmAEAoAEBqgEHZ3dzLXdpesgBCsABAQ&sclient=gws-wiz&ved=0ahUKEwj5iZq3sJfwAhUGyYUKHUlMBkQQ4dUDCA4)
https://indianexpress.com/article/north-east-india/tripura/tripura-goldsmith-builds-low-cost-oxygen-concentrator-to-help-covid-patients-7073896/ (https://indianexpress.com/article/north-east-india/tripura/tripura-goldsmith-builds-low-cost-oxygen-concentrator-to-help-covid-patients-7073896/)
This was when her family learnt that an oxygen concentrator costs Rs 65,000. And renting an oxygen cylinder wasn't cheap either; it was Rs 1,500 per day.
https://www.thebetterindia.com/223536/iisc-scientist-india-covid-19-coronavirus-pandemic-oxygen-generator-ventilator-medical-device/ (https://www.thebetterindia.com/223536/iisc-scientist-india-covid-19-coronavirus-pandemic-oxygen-generator-ventilator-medical-device/)
"There are oxygen generators available in the market, but each unit costs anywhere from Rs 40,000 to Rs 1 Lakh. I realised that by using readily available materials, we can make it at a fraction of the cost," Prof. Praveen Ramamurthy, one of the team members, tells The Better India (TBI). Their device costs less than Rs 10,000.
https://www.deccanherald.com/city/bengaluru-infrastructure/this-low-cost-oxygen-generator-could-help-save-covid-19-patients-in-rural-areas-828330.html (https://www.deccanherald.com/city/bengaluru-infrastructure/this-low-cost-oxygen-generator-could-help-save-covid-19-patients-in-rural-areas-828330.html)
"This unit, which uses locally sourced items, can also supply 10 litres per minute. It will cost between Rs 10,000 to Rs 20,000. This includes all electronics, low-cost compressors and zeolite available in abundance. The plan is to transfer the open source design, free of cost, to manufacturers," Dr Ramamurthy said.
125 US$- 250 US$/10 000 - 20 000 Rupies per unit , lease/renting option ?!
But not a new global problem, soon before Corona-Pandemia :
https://www.unicef.org/innovation/oxygen-concentrators (https://www.unicef.org/innovation/oxygen-concentrators)
Every year, 4.2 million children (https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/severe-pneumonia-leaves-42-million-children-desperate-oxygen-each-year) suffering from severe pneumonia in low and middle-income countries urgently need oxygen to survive.
Adults with pneumonia global,with "medical" oxygen need ?
#02 : this used "(Parker Whatman) Balson 75-31 Hydrogen generator " is with 2021 production condition as new model(l) and by same output never to get under 1500 US$ fob factory !
model(l) 75-31/ 75-32 ?
http://www.triadscientific.com/en/products/nitrogen-generators-hydrogen-generators-zero-air/2673/parker-balston-whatman-hydrogen-generator-75-32/248648 (http://www.triadscientific.com/en/products/nitrogen-generators-hydrogen-generators-zero-air/2673/parker-balston-whatman-hydrogen-generator-75-32/248648)
Euphoria/Hysteria : https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=de&tl=en&u=https://www.startnext.com/diy-beatmungsgeraet (https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=de&tl=en&u=https://www.startnext.com/diy-beatmungsgeraet)
the idea : The aim is to develop a ventilator or an oxygen concentrator, to build corresponding prototypes and to share the designs as open source.
the great support !
Beside oxygen generator/concentrator also ventilator ,April 2021 development stage (me) unknown :
https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=de&tl=en&u=https://healthcare-in-europe.com/de/news/forscher-entwickeln-beatmungsgeraete-zum-selbstbauen.html
https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=de&tl=en&u=https://www.heise.de/hintergrund/WirVsVirus-Beatmungsgeraet-im-Eigenbau-4690584.html
https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=de&tl=en&u=https://www.deutschlandfunkkultur.de/maker-szene-beatmungsgeraete-im-eigenbau.1264.de.html?dram:article_id%3D473529
professional legal replication model : https://www.oxicur.de/kur-5000 (https://www.oxicur.de/kur-5000) ION S
Oxygen concentrator
Dimensions: H 55 x W 21.5 x D 55 cm
Weight: approx. 21 kg
Operating voltage: 230 V / 50 Hz
Nominal current: 2.0 A
Flow: 0 - 5 l / min. stepless
Oxygen concentration:
0.1 - 3 l / min. 95 +/- 3 vol.% O2
- 4 l / min. 90 +/- 3 vol.% O2
- 5 l / min. 82 +/- 3 vol.% O2
Sound pressure level: 48 dB (A) according to ISO 3744
Outlet pressure: 300 - 350 mbar
according to DIN EN ISO 8359
Coarse filter: accessible from the front
Fine filter: 2-fold in the device
Microfilter: in the device
Bacteria filter: in the device
comparison : weight/liter per minute/%
https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005001425171573.html?albagn=888888&&src=google&albch=search&acnt=479-062-3723&isdl=y&aff_short_key=UneMJZVf&albcp=12578137352&albag=122351024049&slnk=&trgt=dsa-52949609153&plac=&crea=507686942134&netw=g&device=c&mtctp=b&memo1=&albbt=Google_7_search&aff_platform=google&gclid=EAIaIQobChMIquvS89iX8AIVDrLVCh17XAV_EAAYBCAAEgLU_vD_BwE&gclsrc=aw.ds (https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005001425171573.html?albagn=888888&&src=google&albch=search&acnt=479-062-3723&isdl=y&aff_short_key=UneMJZVf&albcp=12578137352&albag=122351024049&slnk=&trgt=dsa-52949609153&plac=&crea=507686942134&netw=g&device=c&mtctp=b&memo1=&albbt=Google_7_search&aff_platform=google&gclid=EAIaIQobChMIquvS89iX8AIVDrLVCh17XAV_EAAYBCAAEgLU_vD_BwE&gclsrc=aw.ds)
5 lt/min
https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/5lpm-home-oxygen-concentrator-mini-oxygen_62371708932.html?spm=a2700.7724857.0.0.55604c5aCcJVxX (https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/5lpm-home-oxygen-concentrator-mini-oxygen_62371708932.html?spm=a2700.7724857.0.0.55604c5aCcJVxX)
250 US$ for a 10 lt/min 95% oxygen concentrator/generator is a good target !
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8fDJ30SG4NA (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8fDJ30SG4NA) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2U1sdMwJ1gE (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2U1sdMwJ1gE)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kibjku2GYq0 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kibjku2GYq0) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hJ9agj3yWJc (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hJ9agj3yWJc)
http://witcombe.sbc.edu/water/chemistryelectrolysis.html
Wesley
It looks as if electrolysis would work fine but is ruinously expensive. Stackexchange suggests 5,000 amps at 1.8v with 4kw of heat to be handled somehow and Quora proposes that 8 minutes of flow costs 1KWH.
Maybe oxygen concentrators could become a DIY project. In simplistic terms, it seems to be applying air at high pressure to a zeolite plug. The O2 goes through and the N2 is absorbed. Releasing the pressure allows the N2 to escape, and so the cycle repeats. (An oscillating IC engine like solution would be interesting).
a view : https://www.unicef.org/innovation/oxygen-concentrators (https://www.unicef.org/innovation/oxygen-concentrators) ( for childs and adults)
https://www.seforall.org/system/files/2020-05/Efficiency-Oxygen-Concentrator.pdf (https://www.seforall.org/system/files/2020-05/Efficiency-Oxygen-Concentrator.pdf)
https://supply.unicef.org/s0845044.html (https://supply.unicef.org/s0845044.html) ( during 15 minutes and 2 different net-entrances : 3 different "viewer" prices ??? )
" Indicative Price " : a. 660 USD b. 716 USD and c. 754 USD
this machine weight : 16 Kg ( by all 3 views the machine weight stayed same ! ::) )
From industrial fabrication process management , production costs comparison /Kg:
heat pump 10 USD/Kg
bread baking machine 3 USD/Kg ( selling price ratio,not production costs !)
https://german.alibaba.com/product-detail/bread-maker-60426099891.html?spm=a2700.7724857.topad_classic.d_image.4d59419eieQAl7 (https://german.alibaba.com/product-detail/bread-maker-60426099891.html?spm=a2700.7724857.topad_classic.d_image.4d59419eieQAl7)
( ??? two weight numbers a. Single gross weight 7.000 Kg
b. N(et).W(eight). : 13,00 Kg
20 USD/ 7 Kg or 20 USD/13 Kg ? )
A non-profit oxygen concentrator/generator for 100-200 USD/ea. ff ( UNICEF 16 Kg model similar )
Can under-water breathing devices ( by nebulizer ) https://insight.rpxcorp.com/patent/US5092327A (https://insight.rpxcorp.com/patent/US5092327A) ( Est. Priority Date: 06/29/1987 )
or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_kds-mWfR-Y (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_kds-mWfR-Y) give ideas for simple(r) solutions ?
Societies whose can manage such cheap industrial solutions 4 USD/Kg
https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/Best-quality-electric-tricycle-made-in_62153604087.html?spm=a2700.7724857.normal_offer.d_title.27e35f94TnAVRR (https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/Best-quality-electric-tricycle-made-in_62153604087.html?spm=a2700.7724857.normal_offer.d_title.27e35f94TnAVRR)
can also easily develop for mass production -under 100 USD selling price ff oxygen generator/concentrator - if : real interest !