This online tool will help you answer your pull questions.
http://www.magnetsales.com/Design/Tools1.htm
Hey loop,
Quote* how much pull force have a magnet when is not in contact with a surface?.
Good question... I think it depends on
(1) the orientation of the magnet (which way its pointing),
(2) the distance from the surface
(3) the composition of the surface
Let's assume the surface is steel and the orientation of the magnet is fixed. From my understanding, the magnetic force will generally decrease with r^2 (radius squared). I reviewed some information, and this is not always the case. . .
I think you will get your full pulling force of the magnet when it is closest to the object. Your question is actually really good; I am also investigating these topics for my motor. I have not found a good way to estimate pull force through air. Let me know if you figure this out!
Quote
* what you think is more powerfull/useful? Attraction or repulsion?
Well , they both have their places I think.. To me, repulsion is more interesting because you can get magnetic 'superpoles' by forcing two opposing magnets into very close proximity. Bedini uses this principle in some of his monopole motors.
Here are my N45 neodynium magnets... they have pull force of 18lb apiece.
(https://overunityarchives.com/proxy.php?request=http%3A%2F%2Fimg132.imageshack.us%2Fimg132%2F1308%2Fp1000666na1.jpg&hash=127b8789d64a9658eb119af344007077b86fac35)