Can you explain me how the testatika motor works and post some interesting links?
The inventors don't tell how it works so all we have are theories, ... many, many theories :-)
Other than the many demonstrations of the working machines, Paul Baumann, the main inventor, gave two demonstrations of basics that serve only as hints of how some of it might work, but even then, not with enough detail to replicate even those demonstrations. They are refered to as the Pinciple Experiment and the Linden Experiment:
http://rimstar.org/sdenergy/testa/principleexp.htm
http://rimstar.org/sdenergy/testa/lindenexp.htm
Methernitha's webpage (Methernitha is the name of the group that made the testatikas) also has some details of the workings a little further than half way down:
http://www.methernitha.com/Mether_2/Free_energie/free_energie.html
-Steve
http://rimstar.org
Thank you very much Steve, I'm going to read the links.
I can move a rotor with energy from the air, so my big doubt is how I can obtain energy like a testatika motor. Wind Generators needs to move at high rpm but Testatika can obtain 3-4 kW running at low rpm.
And I would like to know how testatika motor obtains that big amount of energy running at low rpm. I have read something about the linden experiment and the electron cascade or somethig similar. I'm reading some website but there isn't enought information.
Here you have some usefull schematics:
(https://overunityarchives.com/proxy.php?request=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gewo.cz%2Fve%2FTestatika-FED%2Ffull-circ.gif&hash=7626411ca4f47b7f63300b4b6f38f23206b7987c)
Magnethos,
The above schematic by Paul Potter involves a lot of guesswork, but if theory is okay then here are a few more.
The disks could the source of the energy. George Woynar's group published a detailed theory about this back in 2005 involving plasma being formed between the disks and this pulling in electrons. See the following as I no doubt have gotten it wrong:
http://www.overunity.com/index.php/topic,70.0.html
The disks could also be producing energy using the same principle as the Hyde generator. See us patent 4,897,592:
http://www.google.com/patents?id=HX4BAAAAEBAJ&dq=4897592
Hmmm not much on the web about the Hyde generator. I'd better create a page so it doesn't get forgotten.
The magnets could be the source of energy. Paul Potter's electron cascade theory has the electron cascade happening in the area of the magnets. There have been similarities drawn with Leedskalnin's ideas and Roy Meyers' device:
http://rimstar.org/sdenergy/rmeyers/index.htm
I'm sure I'm missing a few more.
The two large pots (Paul Baumann's term for the large cans) could be the source of energy. I see the potential here for a non-mechanical Hyde generator, but there's also a strong correlation with Hans Coler's Stromzeuger (not his Magnetstromapparat):
http://rimstar.org/sdenergy/coler/misc/coler6.jpg
http://rimstar.org/sdenergy/coler/index.htm
Coler said that the energy was coming from between his plates and these plates correspond to the two large pots in the testatika.
Then there's the radioactive material theory. Paul Baumann said there was no radium in use but that doesn't eliminate other things. Stefan Hartmann was told during his visits to Methernitha that the secret was in the crystals and if you look closely at the smaller containers and the tall ones in back you can see some cylinders of crystal-looking material in them:
http://rimstar.org/sdenergy/testa/misc/test.jpg
Stefan doesn't mention radioactivity but my guess is that this material might be electrostatically stimulated to produce beta particles (high energy electrons.)
And I've no doubt missed a lot of other theories. There may also be more than one source of energy in use
I'm currently doing experiments with the pots, trying to create a lot of ionized air within them while having charge flow through meshes and perforated metal within them, while at the same time trying to keep my supporting circuit as much like the single disk small machine as possible.
-Steve
http://rimstar.org
Hi,
I also found a possible theory:
http://utenti.lycos.it/fischerconsulting/testatpu.html
F_dyne
i came across this interesting diagram, allegedly drawn by paul, this simplifies the operation of the machine "black box" style. the actual function of each component can be fufilled in several ways,
antanena and ground are pretty self explanatory.
"motor control" is simply their Tap. lost of ways to do this, triboelectric, frictional, ect
van-degraff had a good way to do this, i think the one thats best and used in this device is a wimshurst style counter-rotating disk design. This facilitates the flow of charge separation.
the Storage, is essentially two oppositely charged HV capacitors or leyden jars.
conversion is where most people and the world of science as a whole falls apart.
This conversion is a controlled discharge of the 2 oppositely charged leyden jars, to a common earth ground. The resulting current flow is then transformed to a low-voltage, high current electricity, which will be triangular-waved, and out of phase, so must then be regulated to produce a coherent 2-phase output.
Where this differs from conventional transformers, is the flow of electrons in the primary windings is a low freq triangle-wave. electrons are flowing in one direction during the first half of the cycle, then being sucked back out during the other half in an attempt to balance out the charged leyden jars. The result of this is a heating effect during the positive cycle, and a cooling during the negative cycle, net result is the transformer does not heat as would be expected from 'normal' electricity.
[ Conventional discharge (spark/arc), where positive flows to negative for a sustained time will result in infinitely increasing heat, as seen in an arc welder, or large lightning strikes ]
the inductor converts the HV to low voltage (100V-1kV usually) and moderation can be done in several ways, band-pass filter rectification or such.
i believe Testatika uses two identicle induction coils on the output of their rectifier.
forcing the output to be a specific frequency (im assuming this is within the rated freq. of their appliances?)
There was a guy in the mid 1900's, used a wimshurst in a similar manner to light flourescent bulbs.
by arcing onto two contacts, which eventually melted and had to be replaced.
anyways here the drawing, enjoy.
If, and it's a big if, the Testatika is an electrostatic device working on the principle of electrostatic induction, then I'm sure that plenty of voltage can be obtained at really low rpm. Once the machine has reached an initial charge, it's easy to keep it charged with very slow rotations (as long as the design is clean: no sharp edges to spray corona, good insulation, etc.) The problems are the "down-conversion" problem, as sm0ky2 has outlined, and the problem of where the extra energy must come from (it can't be coming from the rotation per se, or the rotation's power source, this at least we know.) I agree that the key might be in what is happening between the disks.
I've got no problem generating high voltages at low rpm. I'm working on the down-conversion problem, but my best idea so far is kind of like a reverse-Marx bank, and that seems wasteful of energy. And I'm looking between the disks for any possible source of excess energy (assuming all the while that Testatika is real and electrostatic.)
In my sectorless research machines of the Bonetti type, I have often observed an extremely unusual plasma or corona between the disks (the normal and expected corona is on the surface and edges of the discs). This corona occurs in the sector of the disks between the neutral structures and is related to the voltage produced by the machine. In my designs all neutral structures and pickup combs are independently movable, and it is a key feature that is not often seen in other designs. The angle of the "V" formed by the neutral structures on either side of the machine (one "V" facing up, the other down) determines the voltage to which the machine will charge, and it is in this region that the strange plasma occurs. With the angle of the V wide, as in most Bonetti and nearly all Wimshurst machines, the voltage will be relatively low, and this special corona may not be seen. But in my design the angle can be made more acute, and when it is small the machine reaches much higher voltages and the strange corona may be observed. It is paler, and maybe pinker, than the normal edge corona, and is shot through with tiny twinkling sparkles, like a starfield.
You can barely see it in the picture below. Look at the top region of the disks, in the area between the neutral structure supports.
(The left-hand sphere is 5.5 " (140 mm) diameter. The sparks are estimated 200 kilovolts, 200+ mm in length. The exposure is 15 seconds at f/2.8. I counted 13 sparks in that time. The white blur at the right is a pvc rod I use to focus the E-field to initiate the longest sparks.)
think is it as discharging two capacitors, one after the other, but one is hooked up backwards.
they both discharge to a common earth ground, by a sparkgap.
you must use the principles of induction to "consume" one form of energy and generate another,
this electricity is not the same as the 'unidirectional' electricity we use to power motors
one spark induces current in one direction, the next spark induces it in the other.
you cant make a direct connection, even attempting to do so would send sparks flying all over your apperatus, all kinds of heat and other problems.. there have been very few sucesses in direct conversion of static -to-conventional
the rotating disks here do not create the charge, they simply move the charge out of the way so more can be collected.
if you can figure out which sides the charge is flowing FROM and TO in that above machine, and attach an earth ground comb to the disk on that side of the machine opposite the pick-up comb., attach a comb to an anteanna, opposite the pick-up comb on the other disk, you should be able to increase the output of your machine. Watch where the "pink stuff" is flowing to.
it comes out of the ground, flows into one disk, and to the surface of the other disk, this draws an opposite charge on the other side of that other disk. the opposite charge does the same thing and they both try to meet somewhere in the middle. each one pulling more charge in from the other as its carried away by the rotation and collected at the pick-ups.
there is a charge, albeit low voltage, at any point above gound. at 1 foot it might only be 30v or so,
but a small electron pump can be set up with that small of a difference in potential. its constantly replenished by the air above it limited by the impedence of the local atmosphere.
colllected charges can quickly add up to thousands, even hundreds of thousands of volts.
voltage adds linearly with quantity, current is limited by electrostatic impedence of the conductor.
{ which, at a high enough voltage, anything can be a conductor}
Did someone say that when 2 plates of a capacitor with a charge on them are brought closer together
the voltage drops, but the charge stays the same?
If you charge up a capacitor with a compressible dielectric the plates are drawn together by electrostatic attraction.
If you use a high enough voltage you should get quite a static attraction and thus quite a bit of compression.
This type of capacitor would compress the high voltage static into a lower voltage that could be utilized.
A switching circuit could draw off the compressed voltage to an outside circuit.
Once the static attraction is withdrawn the plates again separate ready for the next charge.
Setting up a number of these caps. could provide a continuous flow of power.
One question I have; Would the plates on the wheels approaching each other work in a similar manner?
The closer the plates get to being directly over each other the more the voltage would drop and the capacitance increase.
Then as soon as the plates are directly over each other a brush makes contact with them and draws off the compressed energy.
Then as the wheels continue to rotate they pick up more static charge and repeat the process.
So this presents 2 similar yet different concepts as to how this machine might work.
Maybe it uses both concepts together.
i have come across something intweresting while playing around with perforated alimunum tubes is varyig sizes.
start with 4 tubes, 2 small and 2 larger,
put the small ones inside the larger ones.
now connect your static machine to the center tubes.
one charges - the other +
and at the same time the outer aluminum takes on an opposite charge, thus doubling the charge produced by the machine with the same number of turns.
Paul said the cans in the testatika machine have upwards to 20+some layers of perforated aluminum in them.,...
if each layer induces 'extra' charge in this manner, could that be the source of the great current produced?
@sm0ky2,
Are you using a Wimshurst machine? And do you mean that in place of the left Leyden jar you put a small tube inside a large tube and the same for the right Leyden jar? How are you observing there's more charge?
-Steve
http://rimstar.org http://wsminfo.org
Quote from: sm0ky2 on July 12, 2009, 11:06:40 PM
i have come across something interesting while playing around with perforated aluminum tubes is varying sizes.
start with 4 tubes, 2 small and 2 larger,
put the small ones inside the larger ones.
now connect your static machine to the center tubes.
one charges - the other +
and at the same time the outer aluminum takes on an opposite charge, thus doubling the charge produced by the machine with the same number of turns.
Paul said the cans in the testatika machine have upwards to 20+some layers of perforated aluminum in them.,...
if each layer induces 'extra' charge in this manner, could that be the source of the great current produced?
Hi Smoky.
the area of potential charge is the total area and or volume with which a charge may adhere statically on its surface, so adding layers does increase potential but is still limited to the amount of potential charge difference you put in.
the best cap tech to use are Aerogel Caps because they have the potential for the highest surface area of all known materials. you still only get out what you put in. now, since Aerogels are transparent and can have different properties you can combine these properties to function as a whole.
for instance, I can combine Aerogel solar technology and Capacitor technology all into one unit sharing the same layers of Aerogel material.
it would be a Solar Cell Capacitor system. converting Solar energy into electrical potential and storing that charge in the same layer system as a capacitance storage material.
Later Gator.
Jerry ;)
charge potential measured by a series of spark-gaps.
i can adjust themese to make longer or shorter sparks, and of course inconsistencies can arrise due to ionization of the surrounding air. some of my spark-gaps are slealed in a glass tube (i.e. broken fuse) which helps eliminate that problem, though those types are not adjustable.
The leyden jars remain attached to the machine.
1 tube of perforated aluminum carries the normal charge from the leyden jar and will produce a given spark with a given number of turns from the machine. This is consistent for the most part, number of turns on the handle equates to a specific charge value (+/- a little). Though there is a time-constraint on this, as the charge will 'leak-out' at high levels if you turn too slowly or stop turning the handle.
The phenomenon occurs when you bring another piece of perforated aluminum near the original charged piece.
( while its charging or even after it is charged)
this second piece of aluminum will take on an equal and opposite charge from the surrounding environment.
this is completely independend from the equal and opposite charge that is collected in the other leyden jar by the machine.
thus, setting this up on both terminals essentially 'doubles' thge charge potential collected by the machine with a given number of turns on the handle.
adding a 3rd piece of perforated aluminum induces an identicle charge to the first.
so with the same number of turns on the handle you now have 3 charges - / + / - all identicle i potential. ( 6 charges of you repeat on the 2nd terminal)
once 3 are charged, you can discharge the original charge in the machine by sparking it to the 2nd terminal-ball
then without turning the handle, a second, 3rd, 4tth, 5th....
spark can be obtained from the terminal connected to first piece of aliminum. This occurs until the charge has dissapated from the other 2 piece of aluminum and is no longer able to induce a charge. ( i assume this is from leakage around the holes and edges of the aluminum)
The second, third, and subsequent plates - even though they are larger, will not induce a charge greater than that of first plate. When the first plate max's out thats the max charge value for all subsequent plates. This differs from the atual designed reported to be used in Testatika, as their 'inner terminal' is a coil inthe center of the charged plates (tubes, cylinders, rings)
i am unable to experiment with more than 3 layers at this time, until i find a solution for the problem of physical attraction, the pieces pull towards each other and ruin the experiment.
i can isolate the charges to 4 or 6 leads and arc them all to a common ground. i get individual sparks from each one.
so these 'extra' charges are real, i can zap people with them.
The timing on 6 sparks is a little tricky, but i had adjusted the spark gaps at one point and had a 4-phase A/C spark going to a common ground.
im at a complete loss with the conversion process. automotive coil is getting me nowhere, when it manages to NOT spark over theres almost no current to speak of.
theres a small piece of technology im sure none of you have missed. I speak of a rediculous-looking inductor that is basically a stright wire, with another wire wrapped around it. i couldn't help but toy around with this.
made me go hmm... try to keep it around the 1-3kv range (tiny sparks) and make sure the inner wire isnt sparking through.
not sure what to think.... it may play an important role when used from both sides of the machine, and crosing over each other they way it is seen in most of Paul's machines.
also, theres sort of 'capacitor' in the middle of the machines, cross-charged from each side and a center terminal comming out of it looks like its charging the spinning disk..
im not exactly sure how ions are created when there is low air-flow such as through a can,
can charging metal plates actually release ions inside the can?
which can be fed directly to the surface of the disk and carried away?
Quote from: sm0ky2 on July 13, 2009, 03:42:08 PMim not exactly sure how ions are created when there is low air-flow such as through a can,
can charging metal plates actually release ions inside the can?
which can be fed directly to the surface of the disk and carried away?
Hi Smokey.
yes, it is called a Kelvin Generator by Principle although the Kelvin Generator on a general level works with water it still holds true for gases as well.
you can do a youtube search and study the Kelvin Generator's principle function.
MIT is a very good source of information also.
Jerry ;)
Quote from: onthecuttingedge2005 on July 13, 2009, 04:32:05 PM
Hi Smokey.
yes, it is called a Kelvin Generator by Principle although the Kelvin Generator on a general level works with water it still holds true for gases as well.
you can do a youtube search and study the Kelvin Generator's principle function.
MIT is a very good source of information also.
Jerry ;)
thanks jerry, my understanding of the kelvin generator, it needs good airflow to work properly, which is why they are built so 'spread out', and the charge-receptors are much larger than the stream of dropping water.
The cans used in the testatika device appear to be closed off to the air in the room. Which makes for an interesting question of how/why it feeds back to the device. i have seen ion-generating filiments that work pretty much like a lightbulb to release an ionized plasma, im wondering of HV-charged aluminum can have a similar effect.
i could be completely wrong there, that 3rd capacitor may just feed some of the charge off the other 2, back into the machine.
but if thats the case, why both polarities?
BTW, i have modified my mini-wimshurst machine, by covering the aluminum sectors with screen. my hope is that this will increase the charge-generating power of the machine.
Hi Smoky.
The Marx Generator and the Kelvin Generator work on similar principles and manners, the Marx Gen uses Electricity as the Kelvin Gen uses Water.
The Marx Gen is the more advanced version of the principle.
adding a Marx Gen to your Wimshurst machine might give rise to some really good arcs.
Jerry ;)
Quote from: onthecuttingedge2005 on July 14, 2009, 03:31:45 PM
Hi Smoky.
The Marx Generator and the Kelvin Generator work on similar principles and manners, the Marx Gen uses Electricity as the Kelvin Gen uses Water.
The Marx Gen is the more advanced version of the principle.
adding a Marx Gen to your Wimshurst machine might give rise to some really good arcs.
Jerry ;)
im not sure what you are envisioning here, or how to even go about doing that.... link their leyden-jars in series?
seems easier to just get a second wimhurst...
update on the screen-modification::: the results were opposite of what i expected - adding screens on top of the foil sectors diminished the charge collection significantly. i have removed the screens and replaced the foil sectors with new (slightly larger)foil.
seemed to me like the screen would have 'more surface area' for charge collection, however it did not function as expected.
i havent given up on the screens yet, just not sure at this point if the wimshurst/pidgeon style of electrostatic induction is truly how this device operates. There is another machine, similar in construct (late 1800's i believe) that operates using a different principal of induction. [wishing right now i could remember its' name] The Main difference in this particular device was that the 'brushes' did NOT touch the spinning disk. Charge was transfered via coronal-discharge, and required a solid earth-ground to function. - a machine like this may indeed be functional with screens... just a thought...
Hi Smoky.
Maybe the Marx Gen is a bit to complex.
you could simply replace your Leyden Jars with large High Density Capacitors.
it would take a little more charge time to charge them up to the voltage break down to get some good discharges but the arcs should be spectacular.
Jerry ;)
Capacity isnt my issue,i have a pair of 1 MV leyden jars, they are immaculate, and perfectly insulated.
im scared to charge thme up though, as i have a nasty habit f accidently shocking myself with the tiny ones on the machine.
ive heared that something THAT big can actally stop your heart.
if/when i DO collect 2 megavolts of charge, i will be VERY VERY careful about it......
my main concern right now is the rate of collecting the charge.
i have doubled the size of the original foil sectors on the disks, so this should in effect double the charge-rate.
at least thats the assumption i made based on surface-area, hopefully this wont be a complete failure like the metal-screens were.....
i would like to get this thing popping in the kilohertz range if thats possible, before the modificatoin i was sitting around 60-120 Hz ( estimated)
that is the rate of discharge with a very small spark-gap
(1/4" or so)
another update on my modified wimshurst::::
learned sometihng new tonight about charge vs radius...
making the sectors 2x the size also made the gap between them too small for the charge they collected = "spark over" between the sectors across the face of each disk...
so, the largest i was able to go was about 1.5 the size, there is a noticible increase in charge-rate, not the 2x i was hoping for, but i'll call it +50% (estimated by surface area of the sectors, and verified by spark frequency @ 1/4".
after piddling around with this most of the night i have decided that if i want more spark than i currently have, i need larger disks.
Conclusion:: if you intent on modifying your wimshurst to increase the charge-rate, only increase the size of the sectors by +50% of the factory specs, more than that causes inherent problems in the design.
i'll build a large one eventually, but for now::: back to the conversion process.
i dont think the source of your static electricity matters, as long as you have an ML-converter to turn the HV/low current into LV/high current.
i watched a video years ago, where Paul explicitly stated the machine was run by a motor - some of the electricity produced was piped back in to drive the motor.
HOWEVER::: in Stephans translation of a 30-engineer study done on the machine, Paul reportedly told them that the laws of attraction and repulsion between the charged plates was what kept the disks moving... This may have been said intentionally to throw them off.
either way the alleged output of the testatika is far more than the draw off a small motor, so such details are seemingly irrelevant.
The 'heart' of the machine ( in my opinion) lies in the external circuitry (cross-linked converters/capacitors) - and possibly the feedback of charge to the surface of the disk (3rd capacitor in the center). i'll start first with the 2 capacitors.
Charge is fed into the center of these layered-cans. Paul claims there is a coil there. (im not sure wether that fact is true or not, doesnt make much sense to me...)
From my earlier testing, i believe that charge is then induced in the perforated layers throughout the can. from the last layer inside the can, charge is picked up and fed through an inductor in a magnetic field* this is important, as it polarizes the electricity.
"tames" it if you will... it will still spark through the impedance of the air but, the sparks are straight and narrow, not 'static' and everywhere like we're used to seeing.
theres a noticable difference with and without the magnetic inductor.
it is then sent BACK INTO the machine through the 3rd cap(huh?)
secondary leads from the layered-caps ( might be the other end of the input coils? but that doesnt make sense either...) goes around the opposite 'pole' of the magnetic inductor and these are the DC outputs of the machine. The very outer surface of the layered-caps are linked to each other, depending on which Testitaka you are observing they may be linked to each other (common ground)
or linked to their opposite charge (opposing ground).
in addition to this inductance/capacitance circuit, there is also several + to + , - to - circuits around the machine, these are supposedly to 'balance' the charges around the disk, further than the cross-arms are capable of.
That's where i stand so far.
any thoughts, experimental results, suggestions??
Quote from: AbbaRue on December 07, 2008, 10:30:49 PM
Did someone say that when 2 plates of a capacitor with a charge on them are brought closer together
the voltage drops, but the charge stays the same?
The energy of an electron or spherical capacitor (as it's equivalent) is constant no matter the range of the electron/capacitor.