Guys forgive me this is already known, or another area on the forum that discusses this, but I couldnt find any.
I been reading though these converter patents Tesla uses alot of. There are the ring shaped transformers or converters as he calls them. They are always made a thin insulated laminations, in the shape of a ring. He wraps four primary coils on them, the 1st two wired in series, and the other two wired in series, then driven with a sine wave to cause a rotating magnetic field within the rind. Same princible as his AC induction motor.
Then I got thinking, is this not a alternator similar to what we use in cars today to generate power for our charging system?? Except without any moving part, no physical spinning magnet/electromagnet mounted on a armature?? And also no armature to resist rotation when more power is drawn from the generator?? LENZLESS so to speak??
So instead of passing a magnet attached to a armature past coils of wires in the stator(as in all standard alternators/generator), Tesla simple causing a changing magnetic field within a laminated ring. This induces current into the secondary just like a alternator would due, BUT WITHOUT THE LENZ EFFECT, because there is nothing physically rotating to be resisted.
Am I missing something, or is it this simple????
Fern
Clone477,
Yes it is this simple, I tried to explain it in the 'Towards Realizing the TPU' thread starting on Page 6 to about page 10, then it went off into never never land. It is an induction motor/gen with no moving parts!
Thanks for the reply, I thought that was a pretty simple concept Tesla had. But what I
cant seem to figure out is what is the difference between a standard transformer and Tesla's converter?? Just that Tesla's would be a Resonance Converter??
Tesla says that the transformer action should be minimized as much as possible, and I think there are ways to do that, and that the rotational aspects should try and be maximized, then the output becomes dependent on the rotational speed and less on transformer action. The input to it then becomes the power required to energize the stator fields like energizing a car alternators rotor. If as you say there is no Lenz forces or CEMF it should be quite efficient at producing electricity. And nowdays with modern electronics it can have rotational speeds very high, 100 KHz equals 6,000,000 RPM. Speeds unattainable by mechanical systems. I think it is something worth pursuing.
To put it another way is, the difference between a regular transformer and Tesla's converter is that in Tesla's converter the primary winding is wound as a two phase induction motor stator, in a circular way. When fed with two AC sine waves 90 degrees out of phase the primary wired as two pairs, each pair fed by one phase, The magnetic field, or more correctly two points of high magnetic intensity rotate about the core. Regular transformers do not have a rotating component! This can also be implemented in a three phase system just as easily. And for sceptics out there if there is nothing rotating in this thing then no induction motor on earth can work as it uses the same idea. For Tesla I think this was just an extension of his work with rotating fields into a device with no moving parts. If he had modern electronics available to him he would not have needed the exciter/generator.
I understand all that, and I know he made a stationary generator with no moving parts or LENZ effect to deal with. But, a transformer has a flucuating magnetic field, because it is fed 60hz power. So the only difference between Tesla and standard xformer is Tesla's actually rotates. That must be the main difference, I have to dig really deep into all his patents that relate to that to find some clues.
Clone477,
O.K. I didn't know how much you understood, also understand that 60 Hz is not necessary, that the speed of rotation is dependant on the frequency and the output is dependant on speed so output could be controlled by frequency.
You wait till you look at the next step... you have the idea of a motionless generator that works on rotating magnetic fields... As magnetic fields are used to generate power you can't remove them... So to create more power you utilize them... Think of an electric motor using your motionless generators to create the magnetic fields required to power them... And to someone furth up the post how can you have a motionless motor? Isn't a motor a devise that converts energy into motion/movement???
QuoteAnd to someone furth up the post how can you have a motionless motor? Isn't a motor a devise that converts energy into motion/movement???
I only meant that the field is wound like an Induction motors field, and this is not a motor it is a transformer/generator, some of the output is from transformer action and some of the output is from the rotating field. The transformer part of it should be clear, what is not so clear is the rotating field's part in it. I think as the rotating field passes each output coil it adds a 'Kick' to whatever transformer action is occurring and the faster you spin it the more 'Kicks' and output you get.
If anyone is interested, here is a little schematic of a 2 phase motor drive, using an audio amplifier chip. Simple, cheap and I believe can be run on two 9 volt batteries. This was available in Steve Marks day, schematic and chip.
This is a Steven Marks quote,
QuotePlease let me make another point.
Let us say that you have a magnetic field perhaps it is only a small permanent magnet.
Now, you have a single copper wire twelve inches long.
If you move the magnet across the surface of the wire from left to right at a certain speed you create an electron flow which is DC and it has a power potential based on how strong the field is and how fast the magnet is moved.
So, if you increase the size of the magnet or the speed it moves, you create a larger flow of electrons, larger as in higher voltage or more current.
Everyone tells us that the earth's magnetic field is measured as being too insignificant to generate any useable power, that is not so.
Let me give you something to think about...
If you had a short wire and you moved a magnet across it you would always have limited potential because the length of wire was so short.
OK now what if we increase the length of the wire to many miles in length even with a very weak magnetic field moving across the wire you still have a much greater potential flow of power
available.
If we put it into a perspective of power per inch it may be easier to
understand.
If you have a small magnetic field moving across a wire twelve inches long it can generate an electron flow equal to lets say one millivolt per inch.
If you move the magnet twelve inches at the same speed you get 12 millivolts as you transgress the twelve inches of wire.
Understand that I am trying to convey a principal that you can understand for use in the future.
So, you have a wire twelve inches long and you can make 12 millivolts moving a magnet across it.
If you have a wire 1000 feet long and you move the same small magnetic field across the length of it you can create much more voltage potential perhaps 12,000 millivolts lets say.
So, you have managed to generate a significant amount of electric power with a weak magnetic force.
OK, how does this help us? where am I going with this?
Suppose you have 1,000 pieces of wire twelve inches long and you run the same weak magnetic field over them all at the same time..... you get the same flow of electrons.
If the wires are run in series then you will get the 12,000 millivolts etc.
If you connect the wires in parallel you will get higher current but lower voltage.
However, the power potential is the same whether you run the wires in series or parallel.
If you know how to find the circuit potential, you tune into the frequency and you have enough short pieces of wire you can convert as much power as you wish in a given space.
Things are more complex then what I have told you but I am just trying to
give you an idea of how the technology works.
Do any of you understand what he is saying? How from this, can anyone believe that he meant he was using the Earth's magnetic field to generate power. This is an analogy, he is trying to get us to understand how this device can generate power. Even a weak magnetic field such as the Earth's can be made to produce usable energy if you have a long enough wire or you MOVE THE WIRE FASTER. In Tesla's converter a weak magnetic field can generate a lot of energy if it is MOVED FAST ENOUGH. By moving the magnetic field instead of moving the wire, power is still generated just the same. Tesla figured out that moving the magnetic field did not necessarily mean anything else had to move, the field can be moved by itself. Doing so eliminates CEMF and bypasses Lenz. Now with no CEMF the magnetic field can move very rapidly, very easily. So in this device a small magnetic field (or low input power) can transfer a great deal of energy to the output if the field is moved FAST ENOUGH. This device can be made to rotate the field at a very high speed, as I've stated earlier in this thread, and that high speed would cause the output to be High Voltage as Steven Marks says this device is.
As he says, to increase output from a generator you can increase the magnet strength, increase the wire length or move the wire faster. This device is all about moving the wire faster by moving the field past it faster. The thousands of pieces of wire connected in series is just many turns of wire in a coil. The output coils are connected as two pair and not tied together (although today's electronics may be able to do so) and each pair may be connected in series or parallel as desired for current or voltage. The circuit potential is the amount of power that the device can safely handle and you tune the frequency (RPM) to that point so you don't destroy the device. In practice the freq. could be used to control the output power with feedback so only the required power is produced up to it's maximum output.
Do any of you understand what he is saying? How from this, can anyone believe that he meant he was using the Earth's magnetic field to generate power. This is an analogy, he is trying to get us to understand how this device can generate power. Even a weak magnetic field such as the Earth's can be made to produce usable energy if you have a long enough wire or you MOVE THE WIRE FASTER. In Tesla's converter a weak magnetic field can generate a lot of energy if it is MOVED FAST ENOUGH. By moving the magnetic field instead of moving the wire, power is still generated just the same. Tesla figured out that moving the magnetic field did not necessarily mean anything else had to move, the field can be moved by itself. Doing so eliminates CEMF and bypasses Lenz. Now with no CEMF the magnetic field can move very rapidly, very easily. So in this device a small magnetic field (or low input power) can transfer a great deal of energy to the output if the field is moved FAST ENOUGH. This device can be made to rotate the field at a very high speed, as I've stated earlier in this thread, and that high speed would cause the output to be High Voltage as Steven Marks says this device is.
As he says, to increase output from a generator you can increase the magnet strength, increase the wire length or move the wire faster. This device is all about moving the wire faster by moving the field past it faster. The thousands of pieces of wire connected in series is just many turns of wire in a coil. The output coils are connected as two pair and not tied together (although today's electronics may be able to do so) and each pair may be connected in series or parallel as desired for current or voltage. The circuit potential is the amount of power that the device can safely handle and you tune the frequency (RPM) to that point so you don't destroy the device. In practice the freq. could be used to control the output power with feedback so only the required power is produced up to it's maximum output.
Yes its correct!
i beleive this quote of SM is gold! ;)
and i believe that there are some more technique that we to discover, the Amplification. the wing. ;D
God bless
otits
@Tito
Thank you, I think? I believe you are saying you are in agreement with my analysis of SM's quote, or are you just saying that SM's quote is correct? Well anyway thank you for the response.
@All
For anyone that has not caught on to what I am saying about Tesla's patents on this device in simpler terms this is a device that generates output power based on input frequency and not on input energy. Input frequency in this device translates into RPM of the magnetic field. The higher the RPM goes the more energy is produced with whatever amount of magnetic field there is. And it doesn't have to be a very large magnetic field. In the device I am constructing, I have designed the field coils (4) to have 4 ohms resistance each, when connected as two pair I will have 8 ohms impedance per phase. Then I am going to drive the two inputs with a stereo audio amplifier I.C. such as a TDA7057AQ. The input to the audio amplifier is a XR2206 function generator (which I also just built, as one thing I didn't have was a variable frequency sine wave generator in my shop) to drive a small circuit, I have yet to design, to shift the phase to one of the amplifier's inputs by 90 degrees. (XR2206 I.C. chips by the way are only $3.50 at Jameco Electronics, the audio amp $1.25 at Mouser Electronics.) The converter coil is done, the function generator is done, and I am waiting on the audio amps to come in.
Here is a picture of my finished Tesla transformer converter.
oh!
i mean, i absolutely agree with your analysis of sm quote, the more nearer to the magnetic field, the more magnetic wire and the more faster you disturb the flux then the result is better but we need to increase the mag-field so that we can put manny mag-wire. ;D
but there is a technique that tesla is teaching us, the technique that we can produce voltage and current without using any input current and that is what we have to discover. Actually there are two,three four or manny kicks that are possible to happen when the first kick is introduced and we can do that by a good setup of the coil. 8)
THE KICK 8)
God bless
otits
The converter pictured above has 1,800 turns of wire total in it. As a transformer it has a 10 to 1 winding ratio, which at 9 volts input, will give less then 1 volt of AC output from transformer action. The current available from transformer action, with the 10:1 ratio, if input is 500 ma. there should be 5 amps available at the output. The high speed of the rotating component I believe will produce a high voltage, low current at the output, on top of the small amount of transformer action. If the rotation boosts the voltage to 100 volts and I have 5 amps available at the output that's 500 watts. With the field rotating in one direction only that high voltage boost will be seen as DC spikes (kicks) on top of the <1 volt of AC. So this would be an AC in and DC out device. (With 2 things going on at once, and designed for both, this is a strange device.)
Each field winding has 400 turns of 29 ga. magnet wire and measure 4 ohms at 4 mh. Each output coil has 45 Turns of 12 ga. magnet wire. The circuit potential of this device is dependent on the output wire and the core material it is built on. This is built on a soft steel core so the input frequency will be limited to about 500 Hz which limits rotation to about 30,000 RPM (too low to harm this design). The 12 ga. wire is good to 20 amps @ 120 volts so 2.4 KW max output, I think it will handle all I can give it. If this same design was built on a ferrite core it could be taken to a lot higher RPM. Ferrite can go to about 50 KHz which is 3,000,000 RPM but even keeping it to audio frequency 20KHz is 1,200,000 RPM.
I put a lot of turns into the field windings to create as much magnetism with them as I could from a small input, and the steel core to boost the magnetic field from that little input. As can be seen I used speaker wire to bring out the field windings, I thought it was only fitting.
SM said to think of speakers with this device and I did.
The only thing we move is the field by hitting it with another field.
We move the field by pushing on it.
--giantkiller.
Hi,
I think that this Tesla patent is the key to succesful TPU replication.Weak magnetic field revolving very fast ALONG circular path made by magnetic material- let's say core made from insulated soft iron wire or ceramic ferromagnetic ( for higher Hz aplications).This kind of magnetic field action we don't have in normal transformers or even AC motors. In transformers magnetic field is changing direction only: forward-backwards like push-pull.In AC motors magnetic field vector is rotating 360 degree.So in both Lenz law is fully in work.
But...still I am wondering a quote about something like "squeezing electrons out of the wire like squeezing water out of the garden hose".
Question: do gaussian type magnetic pulse along conductor actually have kind of effect on the electrons?
Regards,
pix
Pix,
I don't know the answer to your question, but if this is the right direction to achieve the TPU it is perfect, because this has already been patented, the patent has already expired and it is already in the public domain! No one but Tesla can take credit for it, not even Steven Marks and anyone can build, sell or do as they please with it, individuals, companies etc.. Trying to develope an idea like this would be the best way all of us here could go, no hurt ego's, no bad feelings, no one individual making all the money off it, no one who can claim it was their idea. A truely open source project for everyone on Earth to share as I believe we are trying to do here at this Forum. Tesla said he was not doing his work for the people of his time, but for the people of the future. It has now been 120 years since Tesla patented this device, I believe the future is here now. Tesla carefully hid in his patents the idea that this device could produce more energy then it consumed in order to get the patents in the first place. If you look carefully at this Tesla patent 390721, his last patent on this device, it is apparent that this was all about speeding up the rotation of the field and also being able to regulate it. He only had at his disposal mechanical methods of doing this and consequently was still limited to the realitivly slow speed of 10-15 thousand RPM maximum. 120 years later we now have a lot more to work with.
Hi,
Yes,this is a question I am still looking for answer: sharp magnetic pulse along conductor.The variation of this could be adding some weak but constant magnetic field bias to this conductor and then pulsing it with short magnetic pulse.Maybe this would be the case for Tesla idea of magnetic field revolving along closed circular magnetic path.In his aplication he used soft steel wires as the core for toroid.
Do anybody wonder what is happening,not to the coils wound on this core,but to the steel wires core is maid of.
I need to find out if analogy for squeezing water out of the hose applies also to electrons in conductor when we apply gaussian magnetic pulse.
Anyway, if it is not the case, still Tesla's idea of high speed magnetic field revolving along circular path is very unique and worth to try what is effect both on the coils wound on the toroid and on the core wires itself.
Regards,
pix
Quote from: pix on March 07, 2009, 04:22:14 PM
...
In his aplication he used soft steel wires as the core for toroid.
Do anybody wonder what is happening,not to the coils wound on this core,but to the steel wires core is maid of.
...
Hi,
My understanding on using (isolated) soft iron wires as the ring shaped core is that in that era it was a simple solution for minimizing eddy currents and form a toroidal shape by the easiest way. So this core kept magnetic flux inside the ring with acceptable loss levels. Nowadays a toroidal ferrite core could be used instead, as Room3327 wrote above.
rgds, Gyula
Quote from: Room3327 on March 07, 2009, 02:35:32 PM
He only had at his disposal mechanical methods of doing this and consequently was still limited to the realitivly slow speed of 10-15 thousand RPM maximum. 120 years later we now have a lot more to work with.
how many contacts can you put on a 12 inchs disk, what about a 36 inchs one ?
he might have been limited in rpm speed, but not in switching capabilities.
and yes.
isolated iron wires is to minimize eddy current.
today, the same can be achive by other means.
but, is eddy currents really something to supress or is it a need part for a tpu to work ?
from what i saw, all the tpu seem to get very hot...
"but, is eddy currents really something to supress or is it a need part for a tpu to work ?
from what i saw, all the tpu seem to get very hot..."
Hi,
That is exactly what I am guessing.I know in Tesla days insulated iron wire was the common way to make core.Today we don't use this.Maybe this is also a point to look into.According to SM TPU gets very hot after 20 min. In my opinion we need to verify both: effect on the coils and effect on the core wires. Still, anybody know what is the effect on electrons when we make magnetic pulse along conductor?
My question is, Why are you so concerned with the core, If Tesla was using the core for anything other then a regular transformer core it would be in his patent. My advice is to look at this realistically and not try and make it too esoteric. I don't believe Steve Marks or Tesla were doing anything too out of the ordinary with this device. A core in an inductor is mostly for boosting the magnetic field from the input given to it. And yes steel wire made it easy for me to wind the core in the shape and size I needed, in fact I wound the wire core on a paint can to give me the size and shape I wanted. A larger diameter for the core, like in my design makes it much, much easier to put the winding's on it, again no magic. Eddy currents are going to be there, and yes this may cause heating of the core, this is why insulating the core components makes sense, to minimize the Eddy currents. Also using mechanical contacts to increase the rotation speed would not work, mechanical contacts have a maximum operating speed that is too low for this application and I don't know how you could increase the frequency of a sine wave by using mechanical contacts in the first place. I will soon be posting a complete schematic of the circuit for driving this converter I designed, the circuit will fit on a 2 x 3 inch board and be driven by two 9 volt batteries and cost under $20.
Hi,
because nobody has checked this out .I agree there is nothing exotic and tesla setup is pretty simple,yet unique.for the moment I can not do experiment for myself,next week I am coming back home and then I will do.It would be very nice if you post your schematic.
If you have possibility, when running your unit-to check if there is any voltage on that wire your core core is made?This should quickly validate if there is something ongoing on the core wires.
Regards,
pix
@Room3327
i am not thinking or talking of feeding a mechanical rotary switch with an ac signal.
from what i red, you can create an ac signal with it.
would it be pure ac, i don't know.
to be sure one have to build the thing and scope it.
but for sure, the limits on how often it can go on and off is pretty high and can competition with most today transistors.
the only draw back i know is wearing of the parts.
are you planning to go giga Hz ?
i am keeping in mind those two things when i talk about the mechanical rotary switch :
SM clearly sayed "best seen with tubes".
Tesla seem to have experience to same phenomenas using only mechanical rotary switch and/or sparks gap.
i am not saying Tesla device won't work with transistors, i am pretty sure it will.
just that it might be trickyer to transform it in a SM tpu with transistors.
NOP,
I guess my question would be why would we want to build mechanical switches into a device that has no mechanical or moving parts, just to have something to wear out? It doesn't make sense, and if Tesla had today's electronics do you think he would have used mechanical means of speeding up this device? I believe, the tube thing you mention is another of SM's analogy's, as I've said before he was explaining that like in a tube there is two things going on at once, filament voltage and current, and the signal being amplified.
What in this device would not be able to use transistors, this is an AUDIO FREQUENCY device, we have learned to deal with audio frequency very well in the last 30 years with solid state as any audio buff can tell you. Please lets not try to make this more difficult then it is.
PIX,
I am currently building the circuit, it is designed on paper but I want to prove it out before I release it. It won't be long, my audio amplifier chips just came in. So far I have not been able to power up my Tesla converter ring, not untill I get the circuit built.
@all
I usualy are stuck on the Joule Thief forum, but someone posted a mention of the work you guys are doing here so I thought I might stick my nose in here and take a bo-peep. lol ;D
Actually, what you chaps are doing here could be applied to the Joule Thief, I have made a JT with a mumber of output coils, strange thing is, the leds go out when I short a 2 turn coil next to the larger secondary.
I thought at the time I had managed to see that there was a rotating magnetic field, but couldn't prove it, but by my experiment, I knew something was there.
Aside from my stuff above, is the work you people doing here able to produce a self exciting magnetic field?
If so that will be interresting. :)
Keep up the excellent work chaps
I am learning as you proceed
well done
jim
@room
NOP,
I guess my question would be why would we want to build mechanical switches into a device that has no mechanical or moving parts, just to have something to wear out? It doesn't make sense, and if Tesla had today's electronics do you think he would have used mechanical means of speeding up this device?
Hello Room, I guess what the answer is, by replicating to the original, and getting it to work, you would then have a bench mark.
I once was on the Nathan Stubblefield forum, he had a device, wound bifilar, iron wire next to a copper wire.
Now, to replicate this device everyone had great difficulty, as no actual device was in existance.
If I had one I would have had it apart quick smart, then posted how many turns, crossectional wire area, type of insulation, dimensions length, width etc etc.
Somehow or other NS incorporated a vibrating telephone relay into it, but he could have been harnising the energy of the make and break pulses to drive his coil i sync with the earths magnetic fields.
sorry for the 2nd post all.
jim
QuoteHello Room, I guess what the answer is, by replicating to the original, and getting it to work, you would then have a bench mark.
Electricme,
I agree with you, It's always good to have a bench mark. In this case though we are only talking about the drive signal being done in a different way. The input to this device is very well understood, we have been using 2 and 3 phase inputs to all sorts of devices for the last 100 years. A 2 or 3 phase sine wave input to something is not at all unusual. Yes I could build a mechanical device to run this but knowing all the details to the input, do I have to. First lets try something easier to build, cheaper and much more flexible, to produce two sine Waves 90 degrees apart. I'll post my schematic in rough form today, I have to scan it in. I was hoping to enter it in my schematic capture program first and have it real tidy for everyone.
Here is my schematic, I am still in the process of constructing it though, so I do not have it working yet. I will post a picture of it as soon as I can. I have tested all of it except the audio output portion.
By the way this will run nicely on 12 Vdc also, with no modifications or changes.
hi room
can you make the pic more clearer for everyone please? :)
Thank you
God bless
otits
I'll give it another try.
@ room
Thanks buddy ;)
otits
@All,
Have you read the new thread 'Mathematical Proof of Free Energy' If not please do so, I believe It makes my point.
ok lets read it
mathematical proof of free energy
http://www.veljkomilkovic.com/Images/Jovan_Marjanovic_The_Case_in_Magnetisam_Where_Newton_Law_is_Not_Valid.pdf
Well after reading it thoroughly, I'm not exactly sure what point he was making. I don't know if it helps or not. The idea of high speed (RPM) causing high voltage, that came up, is really what I was focusing on. The idea that high voltage and low current are more efficient when generating power, well that's a new one on me, but it may be of some help.
Here's my build of the 2 phase drive circuit. It works as designed and puts out about 9 volts RMS into a 8 ohm load on each phase.
It appears to have minimal distortion and will output about 500 ma at 500 Hz, and at 10KHz it outputs about 120 ma.
Quote from: Room3327 on March 13, 2009, 01:06:25 AM
The idea of high speed (RPM) causing high voltage, that came up, is really what I was focusing on. The idea that high voltage and low current are more efficient when generating power, well that's a new one on me, but it may be of some help.
In transmitting power to a long distance, i had read that it start from source not so very low voltage but to transmitt it efficiently they have to transform it first to a very high voltage then back to low voltage again which is ready to consume by houses.
i think and i believe that a tpu also work this way 8)
SOME KIND OF A TESLA TRANSMISSION THING
God bless
otits
@All,
I have been running this device for several days now and it runs nicely on the circuit I designed for it. I must report that I find nothing other then transformer action with it regardless of frequency or power input and I can vary both. BUT I have found a major mistake that I made in the design of the transformer. I built from Tesla patent # 381970, and the hookup of the field coils shown is wrong. When operating this device it did not seem to have a rotating field that I could find in any manner. I went back to the last patent of Tesla's on this # 390721, and realized he had changed the connections to the field windings. Connected as he shows in 390721, I can now see how a North-South magnetic pole forms and rotates about the device. Connected the way I have it the field just moves back and forth similar to transformer action and that's all I am seeing. Unfortunately I built my converter so neatly, I soldered and heat shrunk all internal connections on the field coils, I can't get at them to change the configuration without tearing it all apart. Now I know the major difference in the patents, I wondered why he patented it several times. I will have to wind another transformer and try again, this time I will bring all 8 field wires out of it. Getting more out then you put in is damn hard to do or we would already be doing it. Good luck to everyone else working on it out there.
@room:
What kind of core material did you use for this transformer?
@robbie47,
I used soft steel for the core, the field winding is wound on a core of 20ga. steel wire, one piece. The field core is .7" X .5" X 6.5" dia. wrapped in mylar tape. The windings were then wound on it side by side 1 layer/ quarter circle for each coil. That was then placed inside two heavy cardboard (fish paper) rings, 1 inside and 1 outside. The ring was then filled on both sides with soft steel welding rods (3/32" X 9") bent to fit. This assembly was then wrapped with fiberglass tape and the output coils wrapped around the outside. All coils were wrapped in the same direction. The output coils were then wrapped with mylar tape and brought out to terminals. The field windings were connected internally and brought out with speaker wire.
I'll give you a couple pictures.
This is the finished field winding.
Thanks for the details, Room!
This makes it much easier for replicators.
I thought about using welding iron wire for a center core. Looks like you used similar material.
Here is the correct way to wire the field coils if you actually want a rotating field. Wired the way I show in the schematic above it will not rotate or work.
Yes, robbie47, copper coated steel welding rod works pretty good for a core in transformers. But this is not insulated remember so eddy currents can form unless varnished or insulated. I used it as is for this.
Hi All,
I can now report that I have a smoothly rotating N-S magnetic field across the diameter of my field winding. It works very well, to prove it I balanced a steel rod on a pin set in the center and it spins it right up, at lower frequency's, up to about 400Hz (magnetic field does not respond well enough to grab on to the rod much past that). Guess I just reinvented the electric motor. But it is fun to play with, I had to destroy my original converter coil in order to get at and reconnect the field windings. So I have been playing with just the field winding and it's core and I have been discovering some very interesting things. I have a new converter design in mind already that I am going to start building. It will incorporate some things from other peoples ideas at this forum and should be able to spin to over a million RPM. The highest I have run this one is 156,000 RPM but the mag field is not good, the steel does not respond well as I knew it wouldn't. That is 2.6 KHz being fed in, much too high for the steel. My new one will not have this problem. Stay tuned this adventure is not over yet.
Hi Room 327,
I am guessing how about your driving coils.In high frequency apliations long coils doesn't work good because of high reluctancy- it is like inertia and mass-more weight more inertia,you will not move heavy truck with even a big force when it is applied too short period of time,as a pulse let's say.I think that driving coils should be more flat if you want to have high frequency rotation- but it is my only personal opinion.
Also, using soft steel core for high frequncy- my thinking is that maybe core should be biased to saturation first with constant magnetic field-then you apply pulses by driving coils, at high frequency soft steel woudn't respond magnetically.Soft steel has a frequency limitation.
It is good that You have time to do a real experimentation.I wish You success.
Regards,
pix
@Pix,
Your just the man I wanted to talk to. I took a look at a copper loop for the core to see how it worked, like you asked me to test. I wound 8 turns and laid it on top of the rotating field core and got basically nothing. I then wound a output coil right around the field core and took a look at it. Again basically nothing except transformer action about a volt as I expected. So between these two coils I had basically nothing and then it struck me, maybe the core loops needed a bias on them so I tried connecting the output winding in series with the loop winding, again not much. Then I thought maybe it needs a DC bias in the loop so I put a diode in series with the two coils hooked in series, Bingo, It started giving me more voltage out. I changed the diode to a bridge rectifier connecting the output coil to the loop winding and this little partial test setup was outputting way more voltage then I could account for. Increasing the rotation speed I found the voltage increasing with the speed increase! At 156,000 RPM I had 30 volts output, it appeared to be doubling for every 1500 Hz increase in frequency, this is amazing and it was on the steel core which does not respond to that frequency well. The output looked just like SM's description, DC with in this case 2.6 KHz hash on it. I do believe we may be on to something.
My next converter will have copper loop windings for the core, I am going to use two, one at the top and one at the bottom, and bring the ends out so I can experiment with it. Another article I was reading said a magnetic field would follow right down a copper wire and another one stated that electrons would follow the magnetic field spiralling around it. I think this is happening in this device and I think the rotating field squeezes the electrons around the loop core like squeezing water out of a hose. And just to top this off it has a slight vibration and a very slight gyroscopic feel to it. I think this is closer then we have ever been.
Bingo my friend!
I have never believed that SM device is complicated.
Many people on this forum tried fo solve TPU by very sophispicated ways and theories.
Most beautiful are simple solutions.
I was always thinking of the "squeezing electrons out of the wire" like squeezing water out of the garden hose.
Today transformers have laminated steel plates, nobody is using insulated steel or other wires as a core. Also in normal transformer nothing would happen since magnetic field is OSCILLATING in both directions.
I was wondering-what would happen in the core - IF we will use insulated wires AND when we ROTATE magnetic field in one direction ALONG core made with wires !
A DC magnetic bias would be solution for high frequency ( many rpm), to go over magnetic saturation point of core loops- otherwise driving coils pulse would be lost trying to magnetize core loops material.
For driving coils at high frequency I would use flat coils with low reluctance.
For core loops use diode or bridge rectifier- to give electrons only one way chance to move :-).
If You use copper wire for the core loop, maybe a good idea would be to insert inside something ferromagnetic, for example between copper loops biased soft stel core or ferromagnetic- to give closed loop path for magnetic field.
Wish You a sucess,keep working on this way- squeezing by high rpm rotating magneic field - core windings.Nobody on this forum did try this way.
Best regards,
pix
Hi Room3327,
Perhaps it is too early yet but have you thought of loading your output voltage with a few kiloOhm of resistor or maybe with a heavier one like a lamp bulb to see how your full setup behaves for a load?
Thanks for the interesting findings and keep up good work. Maybe the modified schematics would help others too.
rgds, Gyula
Quote from: Room3327 on March 26, 2009, 01:24:07 PM
@Pix,
Your just the man I wanted to talk to. I took a look at a copper loop for the core to see how it worked, like you asked me to test. I wound 8 turns and laid it on top of the rotating field core and got basically nothing. I then wound a output coil right around the field core and took a look at it. Again basically nothing except transformer action about a volt as I expected. So between these two coils I had basically nothing and then it struck me, maybe the core loops needed a bias on them so I tried connecting the output winding in series with the loop winding, again not much. Then I thought maybe it needs a DC bias in the loop so I put a diode in series with the two coils hooked in series, Bingo, It started giving me more voltage out. I changed the diode to a bridge rectifier connecting the output coil to the loop winding and this little partial test setup was outputting way more voltage then I could account for. Increasing the rotation speed I found the voltage increasing with the speed increase! At 156,000 RPM I had 30 volts output, it appeared to be doubling for every 1500 Hz increase in frequency, this is amazing and it was on the steel core which does not respond to that frequency well. The output looked just like SM's description, DC with in this case 2.6 KHz hash on it. I do believe we may be on to something.
My next converter will have copper loop windings for the core, I am going to use two, one at the top and one at the bottom, and bring the ends out so I can experiment with it. Another article I was reading said a magnetic field would follow right down a copper wire and another one stated that electrons would follow the magnetic field spiralling around it. I think this is happening in this device and I think the rotating field squeezes the electrons around the loop core like squeezing water out of a hose. And just to top this off it has a slight vibration and a very slight gyroscopic feel to it. I think this is closer then we have ever been.
@room,
I re-read the patent and noticed that Tesla mentioned that preferably the core wire is isolated, like you mentioned earlier in reply to me, due to Eddy currents. That is why of course transformers have thin isolated plates as a core.
If I am correct you mentioned that the soft iron wire you used for core is not isolated. So would't it be better to isolate you iron core wires, instead of using copper wire as a core?
It's not easy to isolate though....
@Gyula,
Yes I tried to load the output, Shorted with my ammeter I get a little over 100 ma. The voltage decreases very rapidly with load and almost acts like a static charge? It will light a led across the output but I can guarantee that it is not overunity at this point. I have much more power going in then I have coming out.
@robbie47,
I understand all that, I think what your missing here is I want a core that I can run at a much higher frequency then I can with steel. Finding, making, or trying to buy a ferrite core of the size and dimensions needed here is virtually impossible. So as others here have suggested making it out of 'insulated' copper wire may be the best way to go. I think the copper will respond to much higher frequencies and as stated before magnetic fields will follow copper. I also have the possibility of utilizing this core 'winding' as I have been talking about.
Quote from: Room3327 on March 26, 2009, 06:51:35 PM
trying to buy a ferrite core of the size and dimensions needed here is virtually impossible.
Hi Room3327,
great work you are doing ;)... thanks for sharing
Here is a large 280mm Ferrite ring: http://cgi.ebay.com/LARGE-FERRITE-RING-280mm-EXTERNAL-CIRCUMFERENCE_W0QQitemZ190204642807QQcmdZViewItemQQptZUK_ConsumerElectronics_SpecialistRadioEquipment_SM?hash=item190204642807&_trksid=p3286.m63.l1177
280 millimeters = 11.023622 inches
Hope this can help.
Luc
@gotoluc,
HOLY GOD! Is that a monster of ferrites, I had no idea they were made this large. I wonder what it was built for? Thank you for the information. I very well may end up puchasing one of these. ;D
@All,
Here is the clean schematic for the 2 Phase drive circuit, with I believe all changes I've made so far. There is nothing on the output connections as that is not firmed up yet, that will be an entire circuit by itself. I should probably mention that I have tried series and parallel resonant modes with the field and it works very nicely in either mode. Parallel resonant mode minimizes current all the way down to 50 ma. at the freq. (1KHz) I tried it, but input voltage was also reduced. Series resonance worked really well boosting my input voltage to 60 Vpp across each phase and input current of 300 ma. this mode is where I had 30 volts output. Don't forget this has a 10 to 1 transformer ratio so there is no way this voltage should have developed. It has to be created by the rotating field. Anyway it is TAX time so I may be a little absent around here for awhile. For some of you if the dot method of denoting winding starts throws you off I am sorry, I don't have time to draw pictures for you, just know that all of my windings were wound in the same direction.
Hi All,
I should have shown it like this to begin with, I think it will be less confusing for some and easier to understand.
Hi Room3327,
thank you for all the work you have put into this and mostly for sharing it.
It show you care and want to help your fellow man.
I have one question if you have time to answer it.
I noticed each Series field coil section is 180 degrees from each other and not 90 degrees. Could you explain why this is since it doesn't look like a clock rotating order ???
Sorry for this question but I'm still learning ;)
Thanks for sharing
Luc
@gotoluc,
That's a good question Luc, the reason is, if you look at the magnetic fields set up by connecting the coils this way it sets up a North and South super pole on opposite sides of the ring. The 2 phase drive then rotates these 2 super poles around the ring in one direction, which can be reversed if so desired. The poles are set up at the junction point of T4 and T1 by the first quarter of the phase one signal and the last quarter of the phase 2 signal. As the AC cycle progresses the field shifts to the next junction as phase 2 starts going high and phase one starts down. In the positive half cycle the poles rotate half way around the ring and through the negative half cycle complete the trip all the way around. Going around the ring the poles look like this starting at T4-T1 junction -- NN -- SN -- SS -- NS --, do you see the pattern two N's together on one side and 2 S's together on the opposite side. It's like two half circle magnets with N and N together and S and S together and then spun around. If this doesn't answer your question I will draw some pictures for you, that may be the easiest way to see it.
Sorry, in answer your 90^ and 180^ question, Phase 1 drives 0^, Phase 2 drives 90^ and so on, is that what you meant.
Quote from: Room3327 on March 30, 2009, 11:21:39 PM
@gotoluc,
That's a good question Luc, the reason is, if you look at the magnetic fields set up by connecting the coils this way it sets up a North and South super pole on opposite sides of the ring. The 2 phase drive then rotates these 2 super poles around the ring in one direction, which can be reversed if so desired. The poles are set up at the junction point of T4 and T1 by the first quarter of the phase one signal and the last quarter of the phase 2 signal. As the AC cycle progresses the field shifts to the next junction as phase 2 starts going high and phase one starts down. In the positive half cycle the poles rotate half way around the ring and through the negative half cycle complete the trip all the way around. Going around the ring the poles look like this starting at T4-T1 junction -- NN -- SN -- SS -- NS --, do you see the pattern two N's together on one side and 2 S's together on the opposite side. It's like two half circle magnets with N and N together and S and S together and then spun around. If this doesn't answer your question I will draw some pictures for you, that may be the easiest way to see it.
Thanks for the great explanation ;)
No pictures needed since that is what I thought could be happening. I guess I needed a confirmation and explanation.
I'm considering making a rotating resonating toroid so your topic has been of interest to me.
Thanks once again for your help and time.
Luc
@All,
For the last week every time I come to this site someone has been hacking into my computer!!! I have had to pull the plug on it 3 times in the last 4 days in order to regain control of my computer. This is unacceptable, I am out of here till something is done about this! Good day and goodbye.
Room3327
Quote from: Room3327 on April 09, 2009, 12:19:43 PM
@All,
For the last week every time I come to this site someone has been hacking into my computer!!! I have had to pull the plug on it 3 times in the last 4 days in order to regain control of my computer. This is unacceptable, I am out of here till something is done about this! Good day and goodbye.
Room3327
your IP can only be see by moderators of this forum...
i think there is an other reason.
can you explain how you came to the conclusion that someone is hacking your computer and what is actually happening ?
same thing happen if you are not Logged Into the forum ?
@The NOP,
Well let's see, Only when I come to this forum do I have problems, at no other time or anywhere else on the web have I had a problem. Not once or twice but EVERY time I come to this forum (>10 times) in the last week I have had problem. My computer is taken over, it will not respond to me and is cranking out apparently everything on my hard drive. My computer goes into a total down load mode and the only way I have been able to stop it is by cutting power to the computer. I have up to date virus software and a very good firewall. I have determined the IP address that is apparently initiating this process and have locked it out of my computer, for now things have settled down. But I want you to know how frustrating this is and I have not been able to post here during this time. I believe either the site has been hacked, or the only other alternative, a moderator here is doing it.
Quote from: Room3327 on April 09, 2009, 04:50:55 PM
@The NOP,
Well let's see, Only when I come to this forum do I have problems, at no other time or anywhere else on the web have I had a problem. Not once or twice but EVERY time I come to this forum (>10 times) in the last week I have had problem. My computer is taken over, it will not respond to me and is cranking out apparently everything on my hard drive. My computer goes into a total down load mode and the only way I have been able to stop it is by cutting power to the computer. I have up to date virus software and a very good firewall. I have determined the IP address that is apparently initiating this process and have locked it out of my computer, for now things have settled down. But I want you to know how frustrating this is and I have not been able to post here during this time. I believe either the site has been hacked, or the only other alternative, a moderator here is doing it.
@Room, looking to your problems, I have very similar problems once in a while.
I used Firefox to browse through this forum, but now I use MS Internet Explorer (to my regrets) and have no problems anymore.
robbie47,
I use MS IE7 and am having this problem, It's not like I am computer illiterate, I was running CAD CAM systems in 1980. I worked as an engineer for computer companies for many years. I have the IP address of the culprit if that would lead anywhere? I tried to backtrace it to see who it was but that appears to be a dead end. And it's not like I'm paranoid because I'm not an easy guy to scare! There has definantly been something going on here.
Ok, thanks Room.
I'll watch out a bit more carefull too.
Would be sad to miss your contributions here.
Especially your Tesla coil experiments look very intresting. Keep posting please!
Thanks robbie,
All week I have wanted to post a screen shot of a properly tuned output. This is a shot of the two 90 degree out of phase sine waves adjusted for minimum distortion, maximum voltage, and 90 degree phase difference. This is the actual signals feeding my field coils, I am using series resonance and it is running at 2.6 KHz. The scale is 20 volts per division.
I should probably add I am using a .33 uf capacitor in series with the audio output and it resonates at 2.6 KHz with my coil design. 2 uf caps made it resonate at 1 KHz. By changing capacitor value you can make it resonate at any frequency you want. In series watch and tune for voltage maximum at the resonate frequency. This arrangement gave me almost 60 volts Peak to Peak across my coils from a 17 volt DC input at resonance with only 275 ma. current.
@Room3327
if it ever happen again, please try to see if it is upload, download or a process that is jammed.
pm me the IP, i will try to get infos about it.
with so many advertising on this forum, i would not be suprise if it was one of them scripts that is causing you problems.
set IE internet zone on high security
set the trusted zone on medium or medium high
and add the sites you want to fully work to the list.
this way you are using the trusted zone list as if they were simple internet half trusted sites.
all the other, not listed sites, will not be allowed to run scripts on your puter.
this shield you out from most of offsite advertising.
What advertising on the forum? Are you telling me you people are not running FF Adblock+ extension? :)
Sheesh...I don't see any ads unless they are images hard coded into the overunity.com domain and even those I can filter...
Quote from: Room3327 on April 09, 2009, 04:50:55 PM
@The NOP,
Well let's see, Only when I come to this forum do I have problems, at no other time or anywhere else on the web have I had a problem. Not once or twice but EVERY time I come to this forum (>10 times) in the last week I have had problem. My computer is taken over, it will not respond to me and is cranking out apparently everything on my hard drive. My computer goes into a total down load mode and the only way I have been able to stop it is by cutting power to the computer. I have up to date virus software and a very good firewall. I have determined the IP address that is apparently initiating this process and have locked it out of my computer, for now things have settled down. But I want you to know how frustrating this is and I have not been able to post here during this time. I believe either the site has been hacked, or the only other alternative, a moderator here is doing it.
Hmm,
I guess you might not have all Servicepacks updates from Microsoft installed or
your Javascript is too old.
Go to
www.java.com
and check, if you have the lastest Java updates and
also go to the free
http://housecall.trendmicro.com/
and check your PC for virusses , grayware and missing updates packs
(under advanced setup option)
This will also work, if you use Firefox.
Use Firefox 3.08.
If he finds missing Microsoft updates,
then you can just copy the numbers into Google and
it will find the right Microsoft update page, where you can
freely download the required updates.
So you don´t have to go via the real
update.microsoft.com
site, which only works with the "bloody dangerous" Internet Explorer..
Hope this helps.
Regards, Stefan.
@All,
I would like to thank all of you for trying to help. I do have every software update there is for Windows XP, service pack 3 and even the latest WGA update. I could not stop this problem from happening until I blocked a specific IP address, This address would come in right behind a page download and take over my computer only when I came to this site. A few times it followed me when I left the site and tried to get into my computer by scanning my ports which is the first thing hackers do when breaking in. My firewall detects this activity and automatically blocks that IP from my computer permanantly. But I had to block that IP in a seperate block list because everytime I came to this site it was still getting in. Now if this sounds like advertizing to you please let me know because it sure doesn't seem like it to me. Now that I have this IP blocked I haven't been having any more problem and it came from here.
Room3327
@All,
I am still having trouble with Denial of Service (DoS) at this forum, which can only be happening by a site moderator, who that may be is a Giant mystery to me. But that's fine, you don't want me here I will go, and leave you with this dysfunctional, petty, vindictive, illiterate site to yourself. By the way that IP address that led to the DoD (Department of Defense) was really funny! I am still laughing from that. ;D Have fun in Never Never Land, and maybe in time I'll return for more laughs.
@ Stefan,
You can cancel my membership here, and if you want delete all my posts. I know now real working projects don't belong at this site. I am so sorry to have ever troubled you all!
Gone for good
Room3327
P.S. Please, go back to shocking and irradiating yourselves with RF energy, it's great for the human body.
Hi Stefan,
I wonder what is going on here but whatever it is you should consider member Room3327's complain and investigate it.
If you leave this harassment (to name it in a polite way), then most members will abandon this forum, and will never return with any of their possible OU ideas/circuits/devices.
Thanks, Gyula
Quote from: Room3327 on April 13, 2009, 01:05:26 PM
@All,
I am still having trouble with Denial of Service (DoS) at this forum, which can only be happening by a site moderator, who that may be is a Giant mystery to me. But that's fine, you don't want me here I will go, and leave you with this dysfunctional, petty, vindictive, illiterate site to yourself. By the way that IP address that led to the DoD (Department of Defense) was really funny! I am still laughing from that. ;D Have fun in Never Never Land, and maybe in time I'll return for more laughs.
@ Stefan,
You can cancel my membership here, and if you want delete all my posts. I know now real working projects don't belong at this site. I am so sorry to have ever troubled you all!
Gone for good
Room3327
P.S. Please, go back to shocking and irradiating yourselves with RF energy, it's great for the human body.
if his IP is a fixed one, then the forum's feature "Show others your online status", when it is enabled, could be used reliably.
it is not possible if Room3327's IP change.
if this is not from a moderator having access to Room3327's IP then who ?
an other member with who he got in contact with ?
for this to be possible would require a direct IP to IP connection.
or both be connected to a server that don't hide client's IPs.
Quote from: Room3327 on April 13, 2009, 01:05:26 PM
@All,
I am still having trouble with Denial of Service (DoS) at this forum, which can only be happening by a site moderator, who that may be is a Giant mystery to me. But that's fine, you don't want me here I will go, and leave you with this dysfunctional, petty, vindictive, illiterate site to yourself. By the way that IP address that led to the DoD (Department of Defense) was really funny! I am still laughing from that. ;D Have fun in Never Never Land, and maybe in time I'll return for more laughs.
@ Stefan,
You can cancel my membership here, and if you want delete all my posts. I know now real working projects don't belong at this site. I am so sorry to have ever troubled you all!
Gone for good
Room3327
P.S. Please, go back to shocking and irradiating yourselves with RF energy, it's great for the human body.
@ the copycat
i think its not safe here anymore, i think it is good to save your important files in a flashdrive like what i am doing,
and i will just leave a lot of virus in my computer so that it is the virus they will copy ok ;D :P
@ room
please don't leave us buddy, you're one of the best poster here ! :)
I have no idea what everyone is talking about here regarding virii and cyberattacks.
Not to defend this forum as I am not affiliated to it in any way, but I have never had any attempt on the security of my system being made from this site (that I know of).
Then again, I block everything, including ads, scripts, even images, you name it.
I'll say it again: Firefox with Adblock Plus and NoScript is your best friend surfing the Web. :)
The other friend is common sense - don't download things you are not sure about, or put them in a sandbox when you do download them.
Hello.
http://www.matri-x.ru/energy.shtml - best Tesla patents
http://www.matri-x.ru/video.shtml - video about Tesla
Best regards, FastRuner.
I see this thread has picked up and has died down abit. I have a problem and hope someone could help. I have built two models of this patent, but each time my core will stay slightly magnetized. Which is not good. WHAT CAN I USE FOR THE CORE MATERIAL?? I used garden wire and clothes line wire, but both retain a magnetic field.
I was thinking ideally that powdered Iron, or Ferrite would be best for higher frequencies, but I can not for the life of me find and in larger diameters, like 6" or bigger. Can someone suggest something for this?? This project seems so promising but I already spent alot of time on winding by hand just to find out my core material is no good. Thanks for any advice. Fern
Quote from: clone477 on May 19, 2009, 01:02:23 AM
I see this thread has picked up and has died down abit. I have a problem and hope someone could help. I have built two models of this patent, but each time my core will stay slightly magnetized. Which is not good. WHAT CAN I USE FOR THE CORE MATERIAL?? I used garden wire and clothes line wire, but both retain a magnetic field.
I was thinking ideally that powdered Iron, or Ferrite would be best for higher frequencies, but I can not for the life of me find and in larger diameters, like 6" or bigger. Can someone suggest something for this?? This project seems so promising but I already spent alot of time on winding by hand just to find out my core material is no good. Thanks for any advice. Fern
On one of the pages here there was a link to ebay that was selling massive toroids. Find that link ;)
If you believe that your rotating magnetic field is going to pass through your output coils and generate power then you don't want a core with all the magnetic field contained within the core as the field couldn't possibly interact with your output coils. You could do this if your output is taken from a copper core coil but the power out will be very limited. Instead think about the effect of the high speed rotating magnetic field and a way to generate power not directly from the magnetic field but from it's effect (hint: think spiral).
Room3327, please contact me, I can seem to pm you. truckins10 at h o t m a i l .dot c o m
clone
room3327
bailed out because shit heads were harassing him
Chet
PS
a great loss
That's too bad...
I have the circuit built and ready to test. I can post results here.
I used kit143 from Carl's Electronics [sales@electronickits.com]
GK
If i beg will you post your results?
Chet
PS this is where our future begins
Begging not necessary. This circuit has the correct parameters that I had been looking for. It also helped me downsize my keely controller for portability and test in certain ares that have echoes. ;)
At least we will get down to the nitty gritty. At 8 watts the safety factor is inherent.
We shall see. I spent the last year reading my butt off. I gotta do something.
--giantkiller. Serious biz.
With 90d phasing, dual sine waves and GK4 iron core coil. I ran the circuit at +12 & +18v with both coil configs @5khz. No spinning compass. All tests were above ground.
I ran the circuit at 18v with both coil configs @300hz. No spinning compass.
Since I am the only one testing these results are by no means conclusive.
As a sidebar: The TDA7057AQ & XR-2206 were available in 1996 and as of now both parts are obsolete.
Time to scratch this. Gotta move on with other configs in other arenas. I now have audio amps in a single supply, small package.
--giantkiller.
Hi,
I think:
1) You HAVE to use non magnetic core. (copper or non-mg steel)
2) Magnetic field should be moved across the core with speed about "sound speed" in core. For copper is 4600 m/s but it shouldn't be exactly!!! Should be close!!! For a ring 1m it is 4.6kHz. For 92cm is 5kHz (in full resonance).
Check what is going on with a plane during sound boom...
3) Possible 2 coils are enough but for better result You should use 3 or more (see TPU). I prefer 8 winded 1/4 of ring with shift 1/8. Always one or two are energised. ;D
Good luck
S.