RotoMax Rotary Engine... Tesla - Wankel - Mason HHO Hybrid

[evolvingape]

Hi Cherryman,

Have a read here:

http://www.overunity.com/index.php?topic=10425.0

This has a list for all of my technologies.

It has taken me 7 months to write up 10 years work. All projects ran concurrently and by the time I finished the HELT I was out of cash. I busted myself trying to prototype it.

So I released all my work for others to pursue.

I have not built the RotoMax, I only started serious work on it 2 weeks ago. I wanted to get everything else out of the way first and with the HHO Pulse Combustion Turbine I finished everything that I had been working on.

The free time I suddenly had on my hands allowed me to get to work on the RotoMax which was always at the back of my mind and my intended end goal.

I will have a look at the links you posted but I don't have time now, the missus wants to go shopping, and I am in enough trouble for working too much as it is! lol

RM

I see what you mean with the combustion ring, I have done similar, however the LFV converts the pressure to velocity and thus reduces heat in the chamber, and converts it back to pressure inside the rotor.

Because the compression phases are mechanically attached to the disc a torque is created and that rotary moment can be tapped from the shaft.

The problems I see with your design are sealing around the spheres edge (as is the problem in paintball), wear on components, unable to tap the mechanical velocity of the sphere, and magnets cannot handle such high temperature and are fragile.

But I really like the “concept”, Ill have a think about it

Thanks,

RM

[evolvingape]

Hello Everyone,

This is a RotoMax variant that works on exactly the same principles as the other designs but does not include the vane layout. The vane layout was included because it is easier to accurately control the 10 degree expansion phase angle.

Impulse via compression is still the primary means of extracting Torque and controlling the flow of fluid through the Rotor. Boundary Layers and Reaction are also in effect.

I have exaggerated the distance between the aerofoils for clarity on the drawing but in practice they will be close tolerances, 0.75mm would be a good place to start as a control rotor.

I was also thinking about cooling possibilities for 316 and HHO. If we were to have a secondary valve set, that fired a pulse of high pressure cold water from a K valve, in between each LFV, then we could alternate pulses of HHO and Water to run the engine.

This might keep the 316 temperature within acceptable operating limits. Just a thought.

The K Valve water pulse must also be "shaped" to effectively convert the static pressure into fluid velocity. You can do this simply with a HELIS nozzle insert centred in the parallel flow injector tube.

RM

[evolvingape]

A working fluid contains potential energy (pressure head) and kinetic energy (velocity head). The fluid may be compressible or incompressible. Several physical principles are employed by turbines to collect this energy:

Impulse turbines
 
These turbines change the direction of flow of a high velocity fluid or gas jet. The resulting impulse spins the turbine and leaves the fluid flow with diminished kinetic energy. There is no pressure change of the fluid or gas in the turbine rotor blades (the moving blades), as in the case of a steam or gas turbine, all the pressure drop takes place in the stationary blades (the nozzles).

Before reaching the turbine, the fluid's pressure head is changed to velocity head by accelerating the fluid with a nozzle. Pelton wheels and de Laval turbines use this process exclusively. Impulse turbines do not require a pressure casement around the rotor since the fluid jet is created by the nozzle prior to reaching the blading on the rotor. Newton's second law describes the transfer of energy for impulse turbines.

Reaction turbines
 
These turbines develop torque by reacting to the gas or fluid's pressure or mass. The pressure of the gas or fluid changes as it passes through the turbine rotor blades. A pressure casement is needed to contain the working fluid as it acts on the turbine stage(s) or the turbine must be fully immersed in the fluid flow (such as with wind turbines). The casing contains and directs the working fluid and, for water turbines, maintains the suction imparted by the draft tube. Francis turbines and most steam turbines use this concept. For compressible working fluids, multiple turbine stages are usually used to harness the expanding gas efficiently. Newton's third law describes the transfer of energy for reaction turbines.

In the case of steam turbines, such as would be used for marine applications or for land-based electricity generation, a Parsons type reaction turbine would require approximately double the number of blade rows as a de Laval type impulse turbine, for the same degree of thermal energy conversion. Whilst this makes the Parsons turbine much longer and heavier, the overall efficiency of a reaction turbine is slightly higher than the equivalent impulse turbine for the same thermal energy conversion.

Steam turbines and later, gas turbines developed continually during the 20th Century, continue to do so and in practice, modern turbine designs will use both reaction and impulse concepts to varying degrees whenever possible. Wind turbines use an airfoil to generate lift from the moving fluid and impart it to the rotor (this is a form of reaction). Wind turbines also gain some energy from the impulse of the wind, by deflecting it at an angle.

Crossflow turbines are designed as an impulse machine, with a nozzle, but in low head applications maintain some efficiency through reaction, like a traditional water wheel. Turbines with multiple stages may utilize either reaction or impulse blading at high pressure. Steam Turbines were traditionally more impulse but continue to move towards reaction designs similar to those used in Gas Turbines.

At low pressure the operating fluid medium expands in volume for small reductions in pressure. Under these conditions (termed Low Pressure Turbines) blading becomes strictly a reaction type design with the base of the blade solely impulse. The reason is due to the effect of the rotation speed for each blade. As the volume increases, the blade height increases, and the base of the blade spins at a slower speed relative to the tip. This change in speed forces a designer to change from impulse at the base, to a high reaction style tip.

Classical turbine design methods were developed in the mid 19th century. Vector analysis related the fluid flow with turbine shape and rotation. Graphical calculation methods were used at first. Formulae for the basic dimensions of turbine parts are well documented and a highly efficient machine can be reliably designed for any fluid flow condition. Some of the calculations are empirical or 'rule of thumb' formulae, and others are based on classical mechanics. As with most engineering calculations, simplifying assumptions were made.

Velocity triangles can be used to calculate the basic performance of a turbine stage. Gas exits the stationary turbine nozzle guide vanes at absolute velocity Va1. The rotor rotates at velocity U. Relative to the rotor, the velocity of the gas as it impinges on the rotor entrance is Vr1. The gas is turned by the rotor and exits, relative to the rotor, at velocity Vr2. However, in absolute terms the rotor exit velocity is Va2.

The velocity triangles are constructed using these various velocity vectors. Velocity triangles can be constructed at any section through the blading (for example: hub , tip, midsection and so on) but are usually shown at the mean stage radius. Mean performance for the stage can be calculated from the velocity triangles, at this radius, using the Euler equation.

The turbine pressure ratio is a function of and the turbine efficiency.
Modern turbine design carries the calculations further. Computational fluid dynamics dispenses with many of the simplifying assumptions used to derive classical formulas and computer software facilitates optimization. These tools have led to steady improvements in turbine design over the last forty years.

Computational fluid dynamics

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a branch of fluid mechanics that uses numerical methods and algorithms to solve and analyze problems that involve fluid flows. Computers are used to perform the calculations required to simulate the interaction of liquids and gases with surfaces defined by boundary conditions. With high-speed supercomputers, better solutions can be achieved. Ongoing research, however, yields software that improves the accuracy and speed of complex simulation scenarios such as transonic or turbulent flows. Initial validation of such software is performed using a wind tunnel with the final validation coming in flight tests.

By understanding Energy Conversion Theory you can perform the calculations in your head with your biological supercomputer.

So...

An Impulse Turbine creates change in the direction of flow of a high velocity fluid or gas jet. The resulting Impulse spins the turbine and leaves the fluid flow with diminished kinetic energy.

Reaction Turbines develop torque by reacting to the gas or fluid's pressure or mass. The pressure of the gas or fluid changes as it passes through the turbine rotor blades.

CrossFlow Turbines tell us...

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banki_turbine

And Brayton Cycle tells us:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brayton_Cycle

Methods to increase power

The power output of a Brayton engine can be improved in the following manners:
Reheat, wherein the working fluidâ€"in most cases airâ€"expands through a series of turbines, then is passed through a second combustion chamber before expanding to ambient pressure through a final set of turbines. This has the advantage of increasing the power output possible for a given compression ratio without exceeding any metallurgical constraints (typically about 1000 °C).

The use of an afterburner for jet aircraft engines can also be referred to as reheat; it is a different process in that the reheated air is expanded through a thrust nozzle rather than a turbine. The metallurgical constraints are somewhat alleviated enabling much higher reheat temperatures (about 2000 °C). Reheat is most often used to improve the specific power (per throughput of air) and is usually associated with a reduction in efficiency; this is most pronounced with the use of afterburners due to the extreme amounts of extra fuel used.

Overspray, wherein after a first compressor stage water is injected into the compressor, thus increasing the mass-flow inside the compressor increasing the turbine output power significantly and reducing compressor outlet temperatures[6]. In a second compressor stage the water gets completely evaporated.

Where Overspray can be used and we have Impulse Driver via K Valve Pulsing, Cooling via Temperature Differential, and Reaction via Liquid â€" Gas Conversion resultant Expansion forces and Boundary Layer Effects.

So, we use the Water Pulsing and HHO Pulsing together to create an environment where a low velocity, low temperature, high mass flow rate fluid is providing impulse, cooling, and reaction via conversion and expansion. And also acts as a buffer to absorb and slow down the HHO Pulse Wave, and a very high velocity, high temperature, low mass rate fluid is providing impulse, reaction, heat  and boundary layer effects.

You will be creating a pulsed detonation impulse rotary engine,  with complimentary system fluids,  where all of the outputs contribute to creating an environment for the application of closed system crossover and produce a very new type of gas. If you wanna push it that far

Have Fun

RM

[evolvingape]

The RotoMax is an evolution on from the HELT / HELP devices...

It is driven by a combination of hot, high velocity, low mass flow rate fluid in the form of HHO combustion, and by cold, relatively low velocity, and high mass flow rate liquid in the form of water.

It is cooled by the temperature differential balancing of the two fluids.

The Water present will be undergoing rapid compression and expansion forces, rapid temperature changes, rapid velocity changes, and will be subjected to DC arc jumping via closed system crossover.

This is an environment that stresses the water molecule to its limits, as both a dynamic pressurised liquid and gas, and at high temperature undergoing Electromagnetic field disruption.

RM

(Adding a safety notice here: If the RotoMax runs hotter than the autoignition temperature of hydrogen and oxygen in this environment then closed system crossover for HHO production will be a bad idea. Also the High temperature jet of HHO combustion might not be cooled sufficiently quick enough by the water within the turbine to prevent ignition. In both instances if your producing HHO then the RotoMax will go boom and you will either get an increase in efficiency from localised combustion within the turbine, or the turbine will blow up. So if you do decide to try this one day be carefull it could be dangerous.) RM

[evolvingape]

Hi Everyone,

I came across this today:

http://www.infiniacorp.com/powerdish.html

and an animation of the Stirling Engine used:

http://www.infiniacorp.com/howitworks.html

So remembering the conversation I was having with Cherryman about a solar powered RotoMax, the steam generator and additional turbine may not be necessary anymore.

The Powerdish by Infinia converts the solar energy straight to AC, so if we were to add a DC rectifier to the circuit output then this could directly power a dry cell distribution bank:

http://www.overunity.com/index.php?topic=10153.0

From looking at the specifications of the Powerdish it seems perfectly suited to a desert application.

So, it appears that the LFV is going to become the critical component:

http://www.overunity.com/index.php?topic=10274.0

If it can be made to work, and the RotoMax with water cooling proves to be able to handle the high temperatures, then that's it...

We would have a complete system for desert application

I am now more excited than ever about prototyping results for the LFV and RotoMax! If they are proven, mission accomplished!

RM