Water and gravity: look at this video

[sm0ky2]

Let's look at another aspect of this situation:


Suppose we have a sealed vessel containing:
a volume of water
a volume of air
and a flexible container of air (baloon)


Above the water, we have a set volume and pressure


submerge the baloon, and the water pressure (displacement)
collapses the baloon, thereby decreasing the overall volume.
The pressure of the air in the upper portion of the volume:
Decreases by the displacement of the expanded baloon.
Increases by the displacement of the collapsed baloon.


Does this result in a lower total internal pressure?
and if so, does this change in pressure equate to the change in
potential (buoyant) energy of the baloon?


Or: does the drop in pressure cause the displacement of the water
to increase by this same difference?


I used the extreme case of a baloon, so as to draw comparison to
the same situation using a non flexible container (hard ball of same mass and volume)


We see the rise in water volume (displacement) differs greatly.


So if gravity is conservative: where does this excess energy come from?
The energy required to submerge either vessel (of the same initial volume)
is the same. The potential energy, however is less in the collapsed baloon.
The change in pressure of the upper volume is different in both cases as well.
As also is the change in pressure of the submerged air vessels.


The flexible baloon compresses greatly, the non-flexible baloon does not compress.


In the non-flexible case: total internal pressure increases by a factor of
the effect of gravity on the displaced mass of water and the height of displacement.


In the flexible-case, we subtract the compression ratio of the baloon at the submerged depth.


Input energy is the same in both cases, and the difference in potential energy is exactly equal to
the energy required to recompress the upper air volume.
Water, being an incompressible fluid, maintains its' volume, even though the pressure has increased.
Air pressure in the flexible case, should therefore also increase, however a drop in pressure indicates
that the temperature must have dropped within the upper air volume.
For this to be possible, the temperature of the submerged volume must increase.


When we analyze the temperature difference, this is precisely equal to the difference in
potential energy between the two submerged vessels.


Conclusion: the extractable portion of the gravitational force does not affect our
interpretation of the PVT equivalency.

[sm0ky2]

Lets push further:


We have a vessel and a volume of water.
We perform electrolysis and convert this into HHO:
Using a known energy value
Causing the buoyant state


We allow the vessel to rise through the atmosphere.
At a significant height, we perform reverse electrolysis
thereby reclaiming our electrical energy and accounting for
all losses in the system.


Now we have excess energy = Mass of Water * Height * Gravity


Here we see that the energy required to achieve the buoyant state
is completely detached from the gravitational energy in the system.

[sm0ky2]

It is important to understand here that Displacement
due to Buoyancy: is an effect of the gravitational force
NOT the cause.


Why is there a difference in force?
What IS the difference in force?


Why is buoyant force different than gravity?
And can we use this to our advantage?


1) there is a difference in force related to Density.
    Objects that are less dense than the medium experience buoyancy
    Objects that are more dense than the medium experience gravity.


2) for objects more dense than the fluid, the effects of gravity are proportional to
the difference in density. For solids in air (at 1 atm), there is not a large difference
between the least dense (non buoyant) solid and the most dense solid.
Therefore, gravitational force through the atmosphere is (almost) the same for every object.
However, when the medium is more dense (such as a liquid), changes in density of the object
greatly vary gravitational acceleration.


Buoyant Force, because air isnt very dense to begin with, the changes are far more drastic.
The less dense an object is (buoyant), the faster it rises through the gravitational field.


3) This is a more complex topic: buoyant force is caused by a difference in gravitational force.
When we calculate gravity, we use both interacting masses to determine field strength.
Similar to interactions between 2 charged particles.


Say, for instance, we have an electric field, and a series of charges of different values:
While all of our charges are attracted to the electric field source, they are each attracted
by a force proportional to their individual charge.


If charge density were high enough, we would have an 'electric buoyancy', similar to
what happens in a gravitational field. Particles with leas charge would experience a force
AWAY from the field source.
While particles with a greater charge would experience a (non buoyant) force TOWARDS
the field source.
Where this line is drawn depends (above critical density of the system) upon the proportionality
of the constituents.
Here on Earth, the atmosphere holds the highest proportion.
Therefore in Earth's gravity, we draw the line at the density of air.


4) yes, yes we absolutely CAN!

[sm0ky2]

I'm open to any opposing theories, constructive criticism,
Or idea that could advance this area of science.


Here's another gravity engine i  designed


https://youtu.be/jv9lQVZ4tUM

[Beginners Mind]

Hi Sm0ky2,

Very clever design in your video!  Would you be willing to share more specifically how you envision moving the solenoid back and forth with minimal energy expenditure?  That solenoid is going to have to compress a fair amount of the air to increase the pressure enough to get the cartesian diver to overcome the resistance in the sprocket/chain mechanism. 

PS  I've enjoyed reading all your posts on this thread.  BTW, do you have any thoughts on the Plankz Buoyancy Engine?