Re-Inventing The Wheel-Part1-Clemente_Figuera-THE INFINITE ENERGY MACHINE

[bajac]

Hi,


I just wanted to do a kind of brainstorming with the Figuera's device. After posting the paper describing the anomalies of the air gaps when going from a closed iron core all the way to a straight iron core (solenoid), I began to think that one important aspect of the invention might be the detail of a cross-sectional view of the Figuera's apparatus. In that paper I tried to explain why a C-type core should have a much lower inductance than, i.e., a straight solenoid iron core. Making the connections with the Figuera's plan drawings, it looks to me that the intent on the patent is to have the south and north cores built as close as possible to a solenoid.


For example, refer to the attached PDF document that contains two plan views of the 1908 and 1914 Figuera's devices. From these sketches showing plan views, it is clear that the cores on the sides cannot be a pronounced C. That was my first impression of the patent, which I disclosed in my original paper. I originally drafted the cores on the sides to be more like solenoids.


If that is the case, then, my device does not follow the Figuera's teachings as outlined in the patent.


Bajac.

[NRamaswami]

Dear All:

This is my interpretation of How Figuera's invention worked. I believe I'm substantially correct.

The Figuera Invention as the Patent drawing shows consisted of several Electromagnets arranged in series in one row called N and parallel to that arranged in another series called S. In between these two cores small cores electromagnets extended between N and S magnets. For each N and S electromagnet there is a small Y electromagnet in the middle.

The currrent was sent through a rotary device which was connected to the positve of a power source (supposedly a battery or bank of batteries) and sent through the rotary device. The device had contact points and the brush is always connected to two of the points. Odd points connected to N magnets and Even points connected to S magnets.

Current was split in two two pairs this way. This spliting the positive made another thing. Current was sent to the N1 magnet in one direction and was connected to the S7 magnet to come in the opposite direction.

I believe that some people have more information on Figuera device than what is actually disclosed.

It is substantially correct that one pair of Elecetromagnets let us say N magnets were coiled in the CCW direction  and the S magnets were coiled in the CW direction.

Therefore majority of the forum members were earlier saying (including Doug himself) that the polarity of the poles was not defined and it was a secret kept by Figuera deliberately and that the identical poles faced each other. It would appear to be so from the CCW and CW windings. But my experiments showed that if we place the y magnets between the N and S magnets with the identical poles facing each other there was no voltage due to cancellation of magnetic fields.

If on the other hand opposite poles were shown there was voltage in the middle coils.

I therefore came to the conclusion that Current was sent from the Inner to the outer in CCW winding in the N magnets and sent from Outer to the Inner in CW wound S magnets from the opposite side.

This essentially means that the poles are NS-NS-NS or SN-SN-SN only and the middle coil would work.

By arranging the current to flow in opposite direction and then to flow from inner to outer and from outer to inner in opposing magnets Figuera completely cancelled back emf. This is a method of cancelling out back emf. The coil placed between opposite pole would have no Lenz law effect.

The current given was interruptted DC or pulsed DC or Pulsating DC whatever you call it but the resulting wave was not a square wave. It is believed to be a full sign wave never reaching the zero but starting from the +5 to the crest and then falling again back to the +5 position.. It never went to zero. This is done by the Full Wave Bridge Rectifier and with the help of circuits now available.

The problem with the circuits available today are they are low amperage devices. They do not work at high amperages. This is some thing that I have seen repeatedly.

The problem with the rotary device was that the brush had to be very sturdy and it frequently goes.

One easy possibility is to use a step down transformer and use a diode bridge rectifier and then split the positive and give it to the two input points.

The output of the current was possibly given to a transformer and then was given to the brush source or used a phase correction capacitor and given back to the brush source.

Therefore all that is needed to do the Figuera device is to arrange the series of several electromagnets as indicated above and keep adding the voltages using thick wires in the middle. Pulsed DC has its own problem of core saturation and to avoid that large cores of iron rods are required. Using several such large cores is very expensive. For example I have already bought 200 kgm or Iron and I may have to buy another 200 kgm of iron just to manage two of the electromagnets. But I have seen that soft iron is available in plenty in the Estates of my clients and there are tons and tons of soft iron material which is also rusted available very cheap. Rust though dangerous is a good insulator.

So Figuera used this method to power the electromagnets. I believe that to avoid a runaway current situation Figuera connected the primary end points to Earth and not to battery minus. Once the secondary started working the secondary current at a higher voltage than the battery started operating the device and the feeding battery source was withdrawn. It can be done even today with a let us say 50 volt step down battery source. If you are going to provide 50 volts and 20 amps in pulsed DC it is capable of saturing a large amount of iron core.

Figuera says that the small intermediate y magnets had reels and reels of coils placed in them. From this description you can understand how much of coils were used by him in the primary and in the secondary.

My good friend Doug keeps saying that it is not doable. it is easily doable and any one can do it at point on the earth. The only condition is that it is a huge device weighing a lot and it required two or three earth connections.

There is nothing more to the Figuera device. I have tested all these things earlier. I have made absolutely Lenz law free currents in the middle core. But I found it to be very unsatisfactory from the rotary device point of view and a step down transformer and a Full Wave diode brige rectifier were far better solutions and there were no moving parts at all in the device.

One single core of Figuera to provide the output in excess of the input must have the primary about 24 inches in diameter in the core size and the secondary Y magnet in the 6 inch diameter core size. The Primary must be at least 36 inches or 3 feet long and the secondary must be at least 18 inches long for the number of turns to be present. Then this huge device can provide a higher output in the center coil than the input. You may have to have about 24 to 30 layers of wires in the center and this also presents the problem of the center core attraining saturation and so to avoid it using multiple cores is the best option.

I found the Figuera method to be unsastisfactory from another point of view. He created a back emf free output but the output was very low in each secondary coil and the combined output alone was far higher than the input. The best outputs came when both the primary coils were of equal strength. I think that this was not disclosed as a trade secret by him or possibly he considered it an ideal solution to avoid back emf.

There is nothing more to the Figuera Patent. It can be done by any one.

However I have received warnings from at least two senior members that doing so would essentially means drawing the power directly from the environment without the middle source of generators or batteries and when we do this the environmental energies tend to like the device and enter them some times with full force. They are called Longitudinal waves or scalar waves by these senior members and the transverse waves are the normal electricity that we use. I have received specific warning that the possibility of lightening strikes cannot be ruled out if we use this method. So I have avoided this.

I just want to let you all know that I have done all these things including the rotary switch and due to the advice of the Two senior members I have avoided doing the self sustaining part. it is easy it can be done but I cannot act in an irresponsible way. My electrical knolwedge is almost near zero. I always employ people to get things done and if they are hurt I'm responsible for them. Their families and this is some thing on which I cannot take risks. So I have specifically avoided that part.

Lenz law does not apply to Figuera device. So a small input can in fact create a lot of output.


Where is that energy coming from is a question asked again.. This shows how poorly informed people are. The entire electricity that we get comes only from three sources. Magnetism of the Earth, Solar radiation, Cosmic radiation and the energy stored in the atmosphere due to years of bombardment. For example wikipedia says that the Northern Polar lights carry millions of volts and millions of amperages. We have lightenings hit the earth every second in some part of the world. Do you mean to say that there is no energy or elctricity in the wind? How do the wind turbines operate then..The rotating magnetic field acts as a gateway to attract the electricity present in the atmosphere and this is how electricity is induced in the conductors subjected to time varying magnetic field.

This is what I have realized through personal experiments. I have then modified the device to be a much more compact one and had already released it for others to replicate and some are replicating it. I expect them to post their results in the forum some time this week or next week.

it is not as if the method is not figurered out but I'm sorry, I'm not a hero and I'm an ordimary man and I do not want to take risks. People who had been hit by lightenings and suffered are said to include one inventor in US by name Bob Boyce, Don Smith and many during the period of Tesla. I cannot afford to take irresponsible risks.

I beleive I have fully disclosed the information for any one to carry out the Figuera device. Randy my good friend is requested to check what is the amperage coming out of the electronic circuits and then simply use a step down transformer and a Full Wave Diode Bridge Rectifier. You should be very careful in doing these experiments as increasing the frequency can increase the output manifold and so it is better to be cautious than to achieve things.

I apologize if some of you think that I should have posted this earlier. Though I had been as polite as possible in my writings, I appear to have antagonized some for pointing out that electricity would not be induced if the middle coil is placed between identical poles and so I was very reluctant to post all these details.

I hope Doug my good friend is now satisfied.

[JohnMiller]

#1 I confirm that the air gabs need to be enclosed in oposite poles. I did simulations and found same like Ramaswami: alike poles produce 0 flux in secondary coil.
#2 The signal being applied to primary coils are a rough resmebly of sine halves. Different from some statements  the signals are not phase shifted but 1:1 inverted to each other - never inverting flux direction.
#3 Result from #1 and #2 is that there is a closed unidirectional flux around the outer core shape  -no direction change. Due to the fact that teh primaries forward their leading funcion as flux generator to each other  -> the center core gets a true reversing and alterning flux field. But it is generated by a pulsating unidirectional field.

[kEhYo77]

A repost.

I have found a simple way to do the coil driving with Arduino![/size]All you need is:1. ONE 10k/100k Ohm potentiometer. Connect the middle leg to Arduino's "A0" analog input. The other two legs of the pot goes to +5V and GND on Arduino.2. TWO Logic Level MOSFET transistors to do the switching (Logic level - like in IRL series -  means that a mosfet is in a conduction saturation state at just +5V put to its gate). Connect the Gate of one mosfet to "Pin 3" and the others' gate to "Pin 11". Sources go to the "GND" of the Arduino board.3. Connect +(positive) from a battery to both "North" & "South" coils and their ends to both drains in the two mosfets and -(negative) to the Arduino's "GND" close to the Source legs of mosfets.4. Connect fast shottky diodes across each coil to do the freewheeling of current.Program description:Arduino is generating a digital signal at 32 kHz frequency using 2 PWM outputs. The value for each "sample" is taken from the sine table. There are 256 values of resolution for the "shape" of the sine wave and 256 values of amplitude. You can change phase shift by changing "offset" variable. Potentiometer allows to set the analog frequency from 0 to 1023 Hz at 1 Hz resolution...NOW copy the code below to Arduino IDE window and save it to the microconroller and HERE YOU GO! 

/* CLEMENTE FIGUERAS GENERADOR DRIVER
* modification by kEhYo77
*
* Thanks must be given to Martin Nawrath for the developement of the original code to generate a sine wave using PWM and a LPF.
* http://interface.khm.de/index.php/lab/experiments/arduino-dds-sinewave-generator/
*/




#include "avr/pgmspace.h" //Store data in flash (program) memory instead of SRAM




// Look Up table of a single sine period divied up into 256 values. Refer to PWM to sine.xls on how the values was calculated
PROGMEM  prog_uchar sine256[]  = {
  127,130,133,136,139,143,146,149,152,155,158,161,164,167,170,173,176,178,181,184,187,190,192,195,198,200,203,205,208,210,212,215,217,219,221,223,225,227,229,231,233,234,236,238,239,240,
  242,243,244,245,247,248,249,249,250,251,252,252,253,253,253,254,254,254,254,254,254,254,253,253,253,252,252,251,250,249,249,248,247,245,244,243,242,240,239,238,236,234,233,231,229,227,225,223,
  221,219,217,215,212,210,208,205,203,200,198,195,192,190,187,184,181,178,176,173,170,167,164,161,158,155,152,149,146,143,139,136,133,130,127,124,121,118,115,111,108,105,102,99,96,93,90,87,84,81,78,
  76,73,70,67,64,62,59,56,54,51,49,46,44,42,39,37,35,33,31,29,27,25,23,21,20,18,16,15,14,12,11,10,9,7,6,5,5,4,3,2,2,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,6,7,9,10,11,12,14,15,16,18,20,21,23,25,27,29,31,
  33,35,37,39,42,44,46,49,51,54,56,59,62,64,67,70,73,76,78,81,84,87,90,93,96,99,102,105,108,111,115,118,121,124




};
#define cbi(sfr, bit) (_SFR_BYTE(sfr) &= ~_BV(bit)) //define a bit to have the properties of a clear bit operator
#define sbi(sfr, bit) (_SFR_BYTE(sfr) |= _BV(bit))//define a bit to have the properties of a set bit operator




int PWM1 = 11; //PWM1 output, phase 1
int PWM2 = 3; //PWM2 ouput, phase 2
int offset = 127; //offset is 180 degrees out of phase with the other phase




double dfreq;
const double refclk=31376.6;      // measured output frequency
int apin0 = 10;




// variables used inside interrupt service declared as voilatile
volatile byte current_count;              // Keep track of where the current count is in sine 256 array
volatile unsigned long phase_accumulator;   // pahse accumulator
volatile unsigned long tword_m;  // dds tuning word m, refer to DDS_calculator (from Martin Nawrath) for explination.




void setup()
{
  pinMode(PWM1, OUTPUT);      //sets the digital pin as output
  pinMode(PWM2, OUTPUT);      //sets the digital pin as output
  Setup_timer2();
 
  //Disable Timer 1 interrupt to avoid any timing delays
  cbi (TIMSK0,TOIE0);              //disable Timer0 !!! delay() is now not available
  sbi (TIMSK2,TOIE2);              //enable Timer2 Interrupt




  dfreq=10.0;                    //initial output frequency = 1000.o Hz
  tword_m=pow(2,32)*dfreq/refclk;  //calulate DDS new tuning word
 
  // running analog pot input with high speed clock (set prescale to 16)
  bitClear(ADCSRA,ADPS0);
  bitClear(ADCSRA,ADPS1);
  bitSet(ADCSRA,ADPS2);




}
void loop()
{
        apin0=analogRead(0);             //Read voltage on analog 1 to see desired output frequency, 0V = 0Hz, 5V = 1.023kHz
        if(dfreq != apin0){
          tword_m=pow(2,32)*dfreq/refclk;  //Calulate DDS new tuning word
          dfreq=apin0;
        }
}




//Timer 2 setup
//Set prscaler to 1, PWM mode to phase correct PWM,  16000000/510 = 31372.55 Hz clock
void Setup_timer2()
{
  // Timer2 Clock Prescaler to : 1
  sbi (TCCR2B, CS20);
  cbi (TCCR2B, CS21);
  cbi (TCCR2B, CS22);




  // Timer2 PWM Mode set to Phase Correct PWM
  cbi (TCCR2A, COM2A0);  // clear Compare Match
  sbi (TCCR2A, COM2A1);
  cbi (TCCR2A, COM2B0);
  sbi (TCCR2A, COM2B1);
 
  // Mode 1  / Phase Correct PWM
  sbi (TCCR2B, WGM20); 
  cbi (TCCR2B, WGM21);
  cbi (TCCR2B, WGM22);
}








//Timer2 Interrupt Service at 31372,550 KHz = 32uSec
//This is the timebase REFCLOCK for the DDS generator
//FOUT = (M (REFCLK)) / (2 exp 32)
//Runtime : 8 microseconds
ISR(TIMER2_OVF_vect)
{
  phase_accumulator=phase_accumulator+tword_m; //Adds tuning M word to previoud phase accumulator. refer to DDS_calculator (from Martin Nawrath) for explination.
  current_count=phase_accumulator >> 24;     // use upper 8 bits of phase_accumulator as frequency information                     
 
  OCR2A = pgm_read_byte_near(sine256 + current_count); // read value fron ROM sine table and send to PWM
  OCR2B = pgm_read_byte_near(sine256 + (uint8_t)(current_count + offset)); // read value fron ROM sine table and send to PWM, 180 Degree out of phase of PWM1
}

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hC70s3tYaGs

[hanon]

Hi,[/size]


Currently I am not able to tell which is the proper configuration. I have not succeded in my test so I can not tell who is fair in his interpretation. I always recall to everyone to go to the original source ( patent text ) and implement your experiment based on the original patent texts. I tend to think that Figuera was using an open magnetic path in the same way as Hubbard generator, Hendershot generator or Don Smith devices . I refer to way open systems in opposition to closed magnetic path (as a transformer) or also an air gapped system which can considered an almost-closed magnetic system. In this sense I agree more with NRasmawani interpretation because of the use of long solenoids instead of using transformer cores. Figuera in no place of his patents makes any reference to a transforme core type, nor any air-gap. He always refered to electromagnets. We do not know if he required or not any separation between coils. Maybe he placed the coils way apart in order to grasp any kind of effect (lastly I am reading text about G. Nikolaev scalar magnetic field and maybe this could be another effect search by Figuera...who knows...). I stopped doing experiments some months ago because of lack of new ideas and results.


I want to recall also that Figuera filed a patent for a generator in 1902. Later, in 1908 he filed another generator patent. Whether those both patents are based on the same principal or not is yet to be clarified. Maybe  both have the same foundation, maybe they are different in concept. Maybe he was forced to develop a new device to patent a different system to the 1902 sold to the bankers, or maybe it was just and optimization over the same fundamental idea. I do not know. My proposal of pole location was just for the 1908 patent with the two lagged signals ( instead of moving the magnet, just moving the fields: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aCClYZp9Yls#t=3m00s ) but, the 1902 is clear that worked with just one signal and opposite poles as written in the 1902 patent text. IMHO I see many differences between both patents, so in my view it is better not to mix both patent


I just think that Figuera system worked in the beginning of 20th century. Any day , someone,  will find the key and will build a system based in those principals, and that day the world will be a better place for everyone. I hope it will be in few years.


Regards