Color's Kapanadze forum, FE builds circuits and comments

[color]

A Dominion bought on eBay could be infiltrated by hackers in six minutes.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PbzEEkLNc98

But, according to the company, Scytl does not tally votes. Nor is there credible evidence Republican votes were changed to Democratic votes in the election.
https://apnews.com/article/fact-checking-9754011363

Almost all the world press hates Trump.
Mostly communists hate Trump.
This is fake news from the Associated Press.
The election operation server confiscated in Canada/Germany by the US military and police is Operation 건달바성.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOK1HguRkRs

1. It turned out that the Trump votes were not actually tens of thousands of votes ahead of Biden, but millions of votes.
2. But all these votes software turned over.
3. In 2016, the software was used in California and in other countries.
4. We currently have all of the evidence related to it and allegations of bribery from officials.

[color]

I've given that circuit some thought and see that you can hook up the capacitors to the WFC but only at a single resonant cavity as the voltages are too high for any capacitor to withstand at the transformer's connection to the WFC. This is possible due to the resonant cavities dividing up the voltage as the voltage will then be 1/10th of the voltage in a WFC such as mines with ten resonant cavities. Not sure what type of capacitor will work best but I'll leave that to you to figure out.
https://overunity.com/18709/the-optimum-electrode-waveform-for-watergas-production/msg553234/#msg553234
나는 그 회로에 몇 가지 생각을했고 커패시터를 WFC에 연결할 수 있지만 전압이 너무 높아서 커패시터가 WFC에 대한 변압기의 연결을 견딜 수 없기 때문에 단일 공진 캐비티에서만 가능하다는 것을 알았습니다. 이것은 전압이 10 개의 공진 캐비티가있는 광산과 같은 WFC에서 전압의 1/10이되기 때문에 전압을 분할하는 공진 캐비티로 인해 가능합니다. 어떤 유형의 커패시터가 가장 잘 작동하는지 확실하지 않지만 알아 내도록 맡기겠습니다.

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Secondly, Meyer clearly used 'Unipolar' pulses as he clearly states in his technical brief, so why change it? (see pics 3&4).

So you can see why I'm confused.
https://overunity.com/18709/the-optimum-electrode-waveform-for-watergas-production/msg553234/#msg553234
둘째, Meyer는 기술 요약에서 명확하게 언급 한대로 'Unipolar'펄스를 명확하게 사용했는데 왜 변경해야합니까? (사진 3 & 4 참조).

그래서 내가 왜 혼란스러워하는지 알 수 있습니다.

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Unipolar and bipolar pulses emitted during the development of lightning flashes

Abstract
Both unipolar and bipolar magnetic or electric field pulses have been observed during preparatory stages of a lightning flash. We introduce a new simple analytical model to describe both kinds of pulses. We show how the polarity overshoot depends on the parameters of the model, including the propagation velocity of the current pulse, the step length, and the injected current waveshape. We observe that the expression for the radiation part of the magnetic field can be decomposed into two time‐shifted terms with opposite polarities. The time shift of the two terms is determined by the overall propagation time of the current pulse. The model well corresponds not only to observations of the bipolar preliminary breakdown pulses at time scales of tens of microseconds but also to both unipolar and bipolar dart‐stepped leader pulses at submicrosecond time scales.

1 Introduction
Sequences of electromagnetic pulses emitted during the development of lightning flashes have been investigated in many different studies. Individual pulses in a sequence are observed to have different shapes. Depending on the size of the opposite polarity overshoot, they can be described as unipolar or bipolar. Prestroke bipolar pulses were for the first time reported by Clarence and Malan [1957]. Marshall et al. [2014] hypothesized that probably all negative cloud‐to‐ground flashes begin with bipolar pulses. Properties of bipolar pulses occurring prior to the first strokes were recently analyzed by Stolzenburg et al. [2013], Karunarathne et al. [2013], Kolmašová et al. [2014], and Stolzenburg et al. [2014]. Sequences of bipolar pulses which occurred during the preliminary breakdown stage of a lightning flash and which were not followed by regular return strokes were examined by Nag and Rakov [2008], Sharma et al. [2008], and Esa et al. [2014b, 2014a].

Unipolar pulses were first reported by Krider et al. [1975]. Rakov et al. [1992] studied unipolar electric pulses which occurred during K changes and M components. Kolmašová and Santolík [2013] investigated fine properties of sequences of unipolar magnetic pulses radiated from intracloud lightning discharges and attributed them to dart‐stepped leader processes. They also speculated that the decreases of pulse amplitudes in the observed magnetic pulse trains are caused by decreasing current propagation speeds. Other studies investigating properties of pulse sequences have been published by, e.g., Gomes and Cooray [2004], Lee et al. [2006], Nag et al. [2009], or Baharudin et al. [2012].

It is not fully understood how the electromagnetic pulses are generated during the lightning flash development. Several studies introduced different theoretical models for the generation mechanism of these pulses [Nucci et al., 1988; Rakov and Dulzon, 1991; Shao and Heavner, 2006; Jones, 2009; Karunarathne et al., 2014; da Silva and Pasko, 2015]. Our study is an extension of the work of Karunarathne et al. [2014] who explained the origin of a bipolar preliminary breakdown pulse by considering a vertically propagating current pulse. They used a modified transmission line (TL) model which relates the current waveshape at a height z and time t to the temporal evolution of the current waveshape at a fixed height H1. In their work the path length varied from 391 m up to 1176 m depending on the type of the model. The intensity of the current pulse which decreases linearly was examined by Rakov and Dulzon [1991], an exponentially decreasing current pulse was analysed by Nucci et al. [1988], and a current spatially variating according to the Kumaraswamy distribution [e.g., Jones, 2009] was considered by Karunarathne et al. [2014].

The shapes of the electric field pulses were examined by Shao and Heavner [2006] using a model with a moving upper boundary. With this model they found that unipolar pulses occur for low propagation velocities of the current pulse, and bipolar pulses become more likely when the propagation velocity increases. A recent paper by da Silva and Pasko [2015] shows a unified model describing both preliminary breakdown pulses and narrow bipolar events. They use a generalization of TL and electrostatic models to numerically compute the distribution of the charge density, electric current, and conductivity of the channel to obtain electric field changes. They assume a bidirectional leader and study the effect of elongation of one tip of the leader on the waveshape of the electric field pulse.

In the present paper we will utilize a simplified model to investigate the conditions leading to different shapes of magnetic waveforms: the unipolar and the bipolar pulses. We use a simple TL model developed by Uman and McLain [1969] for a current pulse propagating between the fixed heights H1 and H2. Under these conditions it is possible to obtain an analytical expression for the radiation part of the magnetic field and to explicitly see the way how the shape of the magnetic field pulses depends on parameters of the model. We demonstrate that both unipolar and bipolar pulses can be described by the same theoretical model. The shapes of the pulses depend on the form of the current waveshape injected at the bottom of the channel as it can be intuitively expected. However, we also find that the pulse shape depends on the propagation speed and the step length.

In section 2 we describe measurements of unipolar and bipolar pulses and show examples of the pulse sequences. In section 3 we briefly introduce the proposed model of the magnetic pulses. Section 4 gives results concerning the shape of the magnetic pulses for different parameters of the model. In section 5 we compare our results with the existing literature.

2 Measurements of Unipolar and Bipolar Pulses
The sequences of unipolar and bipolar pulses shown in Figure 1 were recorded by a ground‐based version of a broadband high‐frequency analyzer (5 kHz to 37 MHz) which was developed for the Taranis spacecraft. More details about the analyzer are given by Kolmašová and Santolík [2013], and the Taranis mission is described by Blanc et al. [2007]. The analyzer was connected to a simple magnetic antenna formed by a single circular loop of a 50 Ω coaxial cable with a diameter of 1 m. The measurements in Figures 1a–1c were conducted in Prague (50.04°N, 14.48°E), Czech Republic. The measurements in Figure 1d were conducted on an external measurement site of the Laboratoire Souterrain Bas Bruit on the summit of La Grande Montagne (1028 m, 43.94°N, 5.48°E) close to Rustrel, France.
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https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2015GL064777








My dad experimented with about 30 types of capacitors of different capacities.
There is a slight voltage difference in the push-pull circuit, but
However, when connecting Tesla-kacher, there is almost no voltage difference.
As Ruslan said, you can run any generator with a capacitor with a capacity of 630 to 2000V.
Capacitor means Tesla-kacher/lightning path-guide role is everything.
Which guide is a good guide is just a desire to experiment.
Ruslan is the best guide.

[color]

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lt7XrCekACc

[color]

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FaSKwacTPqw

[partzman]

Stefan (if you are paying any attention at all),

The previous post and all the other Bs on this thread is why I refuse to participate in this forum any longer!    Yes, truly a sad situation!

Pm