Buoyancy device by phase change of water to ice

[Willy]

No.

If the interior, solid cube is less dense than water, then yes.
If the interior, solid cube is denser than water then no.
If the interior, solid cube is as dense as water then no, no difference.

Only the water's expansion as ice makes a difference.

Other wise, a water filled balloon would be more buoyant than an empty one
of the same mass. 

But we don't need to stack square ice sheets in order to have a thin
layer of water to freeze !

I don't know that this is a new method or not, but I have never seen it before.

Electric energy derivation from buoyancy by means of water to ice phase change,
caused by the application of temperature differences between air and deep water. That's
pretty cool. But I was hoping to push this farther... like O.U..

[Willy]

0.08 joules in a 1 meter of rise of 1 kilogram of ice.
12.5 meters or 41. feet to give 1 joule.
1,250 meters or 4,101.05 feet to give 100 joules.

40 cm/s  or  0.4 m/s per second as the rise speed by buoyancy (max).
4 meters rise in 10 seconds.

1 kilogram at 12.5 meters / 0.4 meters = 31.25 seconds per joule

31.25 kilograms or 8.2554 gallons of ice at 12.5 meters or 41 feet to give us 1 watt.
7.8125 kilograms or 2.06385 gallons of ice at 50 meters or 164 feet to give us 1 watt.

1,000 watts requires 7,812.5 kilograms at  50 meters or
7.8125 kilograms at 50,000 meters.  You pick which one you prefer.

My next project...

             a sled harness for frogs.

[Willy]

I looked on line and realized that I could buy decent quality frog harnesses
for less than the price of the materials to make my own.



The volume increase of liquid water to ice is 8%.  0.08 x (1 m^3) 1.000,000 cc =
80,000 cc expansion at  25,000 psi (or 1,757,673 grams per square centimeter).

Lets use that 80,000 cc expansion at  25,000 psi (1,757,674 grams per square centimeter),
to draw a vacuum in a plugged syringe.

Using a syringe where in, each centimeter of length draws 1 cubic centimeter
of volume.

The syringe has 0 content before the draw and is neutral buoyant in water.

After the draw, the syringe has expanded to an increased exterior volume by
80,000 cc....  Latch the syringe at that position. It now has a buoyancy force in
water,  of 80,000 grams.

1 psi = 70.3 grams per square centimeter (gsc).

Water pressure at 1 meter is 1.418552 psi

1.418552 psi = 99.73407564314581 gsc (grams per square centimeter)

Water pressure at 1 meter is 99.7340 gsc

1 meter of height of water in a column exerts 99.7340 gsc
1,757,674 gsc /  99.7340 gsc  = 17,623. meters of water depth to match the
1,757,674 gsc generated by the water to ice expansion.

Using a syringe where in, each centimeter of length draws 1 cubic centimeters
of volume (1 square centimeters of piston surface).

1,757,674 grams per square centimeter  / 99.7340 gsc = 17,623 meters of water
depth to equal the pressure of the ice expansion.


Using a larger diameter syringe where in, each centimeter of length draws 2 cubic centimeters
of volume (2 square centimeters of piston surface).
17,623 / 2  =  8,811 meters of water depth to equal the pressure of the ice expansion.

Using a larger diameter syringe where in, each centimeter of length draws 4 cubic centimeters
of volume. (4 square centimeters of piston surface)
8,811 / 2 = 4,405  meters of water depth to equal the pressure of the ice expansion

Using a larger diameter syringe where in, each centimeter of length draws 8 cubic centimeters
of volume. (8 square centimeters of piston surface)
4,405  / 2  = 2,202  meters of water depth to equal the pressure of the ice expansion

Using a larger diameter syringe where in, each centimeter of length draws 16 cubic centimeters
of volume. (16 square centimeters of piston surface)
2,202  / 2  = 1,101 meters of water depth to equal the pressure of the ice expansion

A syringe draw length of 80,00 centimeters by 16 cubic centimeters of volume
for each 1 centimeter of draw length = 1,280,000 cubic centimeters of volume.
12,800 kg of buoyancy.

12,800 kg of buoyancy  x 1101 meters of rise = 14,092,800 joules.

It requires 4.184 joules to decrease the temperature of 1 cc of water by 1 degree
centigrade.

It requires 4,184,000 joules to decrease the temperature of 1 cubic meter of water by
1 degree centigrade.

The illustration below, may not represent the ideal shape for turning the water's
expansion into 80,000 linear centimeters at 25,000 psi.

[sm0ky2]

Keep in mind this is a liquid fluid, not a gas.

Yes i can confirm that the round (ball) ice cubes are much more buoyant than a square or rectangle cube of the same water volume. This removes changes in buoyant force for comparison.
(personally i never really agreed with the flattening of 3-D objects into a 2-D analogy. Usually the thought experiment involves losing the vertical dimensional translation. Which means the flat square should be larger than predicted)



I believe this is the water resistance (like wind resistance but much worse)
Keep in mind this was tested by a connecting rod attached to the top of the cube,
Leaving its' surface area exposed during the upward transition, and measuring the force over depth placed upon the rod.
Velocity improved results on all 3 icecube shapes,
Which tells me there is a stronger surface related resistance at slower velocities.


Generally with these tests, the forces at each point add up to the force at the surface when allowed to free-rise. (Some object become airborne, giving additional observational data)
However, in the case of test objects with different shapes (and constant surface area) the results may differ drastically.


Perhaps an oval (elliptical?) ice cube may improve on the sphere....
just my thoughts, haven't tried that yet.

[Willy]

Initially, I was just looking at the 8% density change and the energy potential developed
within that context.  Kind of a warm up.

Now I have expanded the context to include the very large force available as ice expansion.
Its very cool.

Still a lot of details / possible snags / improvements remain to be worked through.

Thanks