The Lee-Tseung Lead Out Theory

[Devil]

Newton's laws of motion are three physical laws which provide relationships between the forces acting on a body and the motion of the body. They were first compiled by Sir Isaac Newton in his work Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, first published on July 5, 1687.[1] The laws form the basis for classical mechanics and Newton himself used them to explain many results concerning the motion of physical objects.[2] In the third volume of the text, Newton showed that these laws of motion, combined with his law of universal gravitation, explained Kepler's laws of planetary motion.

First law
It is possible to select a set of reference frames, called inertial reference frames, observed from which a particle moves without any change in velocity if no net force acts on it. This law is often simplified into the sentence "A body continues to maintain its state of rest or of uniform motion unless acted upon by an external unbalanced force." This law is known as the law of inertia.

Second law
Observed from an inertial reference frame, the net force on a particle is proportional to the time rate of change of its linear momentum: F = d (mv) / dt.[3][4][5][6][7] Momentum mv is the product of mass and velocity. Force and momentum are vector quantities and the resultant force is found from all the forces present by vector addition. This law is often stated as "F = ma: the net force on an object is equal to the mass of the object multiplied by its acceleration."

Third law
Whenever a particle A exerts a force on another particle B, B simultaneously exerts a force on A with the same magnitude in the opposite direction. The strong form of the law further postulates that these two forces act along the same line. This law is often simplified into the sentence "To every action there is an equal and opposite reaction."

Tinselkoala,

You quoted the Law of Conservation of Momentum.  You should know that Momentum can be changed if there are forces acting on the object.  Momentum is conserved according to the First Law only if there is no forces acting on the object.  When we consider the person jumping on the air cushion or padded surface, the air cushion or padded surface will deform.  A force is exerted by the person on the air cushion.  This force will do work in deforming the air cushion and will transfer its energy accordingly.

Newton's Third Law states that there is equal and opposite reaction.  Or the air cushion will exert a force on the person.  The better the cushion or padding, the time taken to change the velocity from v to zero will be longer.

Newton's Second Law states that force = rate of change of momentum.  If the time taken is longer, the force will be smaller.

Please view Experiment001 according to Newton's Laws of Motion.  Think how you can do the Experiment according to the defined setup.  You can do it in this World and not at my home in your next life.

[Pirate88179]

Wow, so now the Devil agrees with me.  This is not what he and TopGun said earlier.  At least they correct some of their errors.

Bill

[chrisC]

Wow, so now the Devil agrees with me.  This is not what he and TopGun said earlier.  At least they correct some of their errors.

Bill

He borrowed 'Physics for Dummies' from a 'O' level student and did some homework last night.

cheers
chrisC

[TinselKoala]

Yeah, and he still got it wrong.

From Wikipedia:

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Conservation of linear momentum

The law conservation of linear momentum is a fundamental law of nature, and it states that the total momentum of a closed system of objects (which has no interactions with external agents) is constant. One of the consequences of this is that the center of mass of any system of objects will always continue with the same velocity unless acted on by a force from outside the system.

Conservation of momentum is a mathematical consequence of the homogeneity (shift symmetry) of space (position in space is the canonical conjugate quantity to momentum). So, momentum conservation can be philosophically stated as "nothing depends on location per se".

In an isolated system (one where external forces are absent) the total momentum will be constant: this is implied by Newton's first law of motion. Newton's third law of motion, the law of reciprocal actions, which dictates that the forces acting between systems are equal in magnitude, but opposite in sign, is due to the conservation of momentum.

Since position in space is a vector quantity, momentum (being the canonical conjugate of position) is a vector quantity as well - it has direction. Thus, when a gun is fired, the final total momentum of the system (the gun and the bullet) is the vector sum of the momenta of these two objects. Assuming that the gun and bullet were at rest prior to firing (meaning the initial momentum of the system was zero), the final total momentum must also equal 0.

In an isolated system with only two objects, the change in momentum of one object must be equal and opposite to the change in momentum of the other object.

(some math here, omitted for clarity --TK)

Momentum has the special property that, in a closed system, it is always conserved, even in collisions and separations caused by explosive forces. Kinetic energy, on the other hand, is not conserved in collisions if they are inelastic. Since momentum is conserved it can be used to calculate an unknown velocity following a collision or a separation if all the other masses and velocities are known.

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You should know, Devil, that you wouldn't get past the entrance exam for the schools I went to.

The ONLY way the device shown above will move, in any direction, is if it is sitting on a surface it can push against. Its motion is completely understood using Newtonian dynamics and a knowledge of friction. In space, without anything to push against, it will just sit there jiggling.
I've done enough experiments on this line to know what I'm talking about, even if I didn't believe in the principles involved.

[TinselKoala]

From Simanek's site:

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Yet, apparently unaware of these well-known physics principles and engineering applications, people even today are still inventing, patenting and proclaiming "internal propulsion engines" and "reactionless drives". Many claim that they are violating Newton's third law. Sometimes they even invent new theoretical physics to account for their imagined violations of physics. Among these are Robert L. Cook's inertial propulsion system US Patent 4,238,968, Dr. Gennady Shipov's universal propulsion system, and James Woodward's theoretical proposal of a reactionless propulsion system, US Patent 6,347,766 and 5,280,864.

Jerry Pournelle has a good account of Dean's device, and makes a suggestion for testing such things. Invariably inventors test them on surfaces or rails, leading one to suspect that friction is doing the dirty work. I haven't even seen one tested on an air suspension table, to reduce that possibility. Also, anything that rotates may have a "fan effect" and move by pushing against air. So Jerry suggests reducing the friction by suspending the device from wires. Also, one should do the experiment in a vacuum. Actually, it would be sufficient to enclose all moving parts in a box that allowed no communication between the internal air and the external air. If, under these conditions, the device swings to one side when running and return to center when stopped, then, Jerry says, he might get interested. But inventors do not do this, or anything close to it. Hmm...

(figure captions for the figures)   
Harry Bull tests his device.    The shifting weights.

Even with this arrangement, self-deception can occur, as in Henry Bull's impulse engine of 1935. You can read about it in Popular Science Monthly, Jan 1935, p. 27: Harry W. Bull: Reaction Motor. His device was in an enclosed box, and suspended from wires as a pendulum. Inside the box two weights were driven by electromagnets, one weight making an inelatic impact with a spring, the other making a nearly elastic metal-to-metal impact. When running, the box containing the device moved to the side. Why? Due to the asymmetric motion inside the box, the center of mass of the box and its contents shifts relative to the box. But the center of mass must still remain where it was before. So the box moves aside, while its center of mass stays put. Newton's laws were working properly.
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