Steven Mark`s TPU

[otto]

Hello Gustav22

and for us is the litz wire a multi strand wire with the conductors NOT insulated between each other.

A yery long time ago I made some tests:

First I used a lamp cable 0,75mm2 as the collector. Then I used a 1,5mm2 cable with the same control coils. The bulb was shining brighter.
Then I made a 15" TPU with the same 1,5mm2 cable and the same controls. The bulb was again shining brighter. Always a 1 turn collector - what a disaster!! MULTITURN is needed!!!

Also a long time ago I made a collector with 1000 little copper wires. But as it was a long time ago I didnt know how to connect the controls to such a collector.....yes, now I know and can try it.
Just to see the difference between a lamp cable with a few wires in it and my biiiiig 1000 wires collectors.

In my ECD pdf you can see that I made various tests with other metals for a collector. Hmmm ....if I could buy nikel wires, maybe for collectors AND controls???

To use iron wires for a collector I dont want because it heats up. Aluminium wires are waiting for use as a collector? control??

Otto

[helmut]

Hallo Gustav
In our use of Terms it meens multistrandet wires as well.
Such as "hochflexibel".(Multistrandet but not insulatet against eachother)
The other version is used in LAN Networks.There you can find 8 insulatet wires .
Grouped in 4 pairs and each pair is
wound like a Rope ( Bedini like). This helps to protect the line against coupling and inerference.

Perhaps the Bedini Coils profit from this effekt as well.

So now the question:How to deal with it in a TPU?

[Earl]

from WIKI, and I totally agree

Litz wire is a special type of wire used in electronics. The wire is designed to reduce the skin effect and proximity effect losses in conductors. The resistance of a conductor at DC (0 Hz) is dependent upon the area of the conductor. Larger conductors have lower resistance. At AC frequencies, the skin effect causes most of the conduction to happen at the surface of conductor. At high enough frequencies, the interior of a large conductor does not carry much current. Quite simply, the resistance of a wire becomes higher at higher frequencies.

Litz wire consists of many thin wires, individually insulated and woven together to form a cable. The weave is designed so individual wires will reside for short intervals on the outside of cable and for short intervals on the inside of the cable. The weave causes the interior of the Litz wire to contribute to the cables conductivity.

The term litz wire originates from Litzendraht, German for braided wire.

In German, it is a little strange,  For me in German, Litze always implies insulated wires, however some people may say that in German the term is HF-Litze.

From Wiki:
Die Litze (engl. stranded wire or litz wire) ist in der Elektrotechnik ein aus d?nnen Einzeldr?hten bestehender und daher leicht zu biegender elektrischer Leiter.

Die Einzeldr?hte der Litze (bis mehrere hundert) sind meistens von einer gemeinsamen Isolierh?lle umschlossen. Solche Leiter hei?en Litzenleitung. Sind mehrere solcher Leitungen in einem Kabel vereint, werden sie Adern genannt.

Da die Gefahr eines Leiterbruches durch Biegung bei Litzenleitungen wesentlich geringer ist als bei Massivdrahtleitern mit gleichem Querschnitt, werden diese vorrangig dort angewendet, wo eine h?ufige Bewegung oder R?ttelbeanspruchung stattfindet (Maschinen, Fahr- und Flugzeuge, Roboter) oder wenn ein mobiles Ger?t versorgt werden muss (elektrische Handger?te, steckbare Netzzuleitungen, Mikrofon- und Lautsprecherkabel).
Je nach erforderlicher Flexibilit?t und Beanspruchungsgrad verwendet man fein- oder feinstdr?htige Litzenleitungen.

Bei Hochfrequenz-Litzen (HF-Litze) sind die Einzeldr?hte voneinander durch eine Lackschicht isoliert, obwohl sie gleiches Potential f?hren. Dadurch kann in der Hochfrequenztechnik der Einfluss des Skineffekts verringert oder vermieden werden - ansonsten w?rde nur ein kleiner Teil des Gesamtquerschnittes am Stromtransport teilnehmen.

Unisolierte Litzen sind auch als Antennenlitze bekannt.

In summary, if we are talking about reducing skin effect losses, then in English it is Litz wire and in German HF-Litze.  So in this forum if we use the English term HF-Litz, then it should be clear no matter what language you speak.

By the way, it has been proven that not only do the insulated wires have to be parallel and only electircally connected at each, but that they should also be twisted together for best effect.

Earl

[Bruce_TPU]

Hello all,

@btentzer

let us first clear up the therm "litz wire". Yes, we discussed it a long time ago. Lets do it again and then I will say something about it.

Otto

@ Otto
Earl said it well, both in English and German!  LOL

Each strand is teflon insulated.  So you can end up with 1000 wires, just like SM said.  This wire ONLY for the collector.  It is very expensive wire. 

@ All
Reread what I posted on what SM said about this.  Litz wire is the only thing that fits.  Lamp chord will make no difference, because each strand is not individually insulated.  It was SM speak for Litz wire without coming out and saying Litz wire.  And then he gave us that story on top of it.  Insulate each strand and use that only for the collector and now you have understood what SM said. 

I would go so far as to say (and I am not the only one who thinks this) that if this wire had already been used for many experiments, much better results would have been seen.

I will post again the pertinent part of SM's post.  It is so simple, I do not understand why I did not really understand the principle he is relaying, earlier.

"Let me give you something to think about...
If you had a short wire and you moved a magnet across it you would always have limited potential because the length of wire was so short.
OK now what if we increase the length of the wire to many miles in length even with a very weak magnetic field moving across the wire you still have a much greater potential flow of power available.
If we put it into a perspective of power per inch it may be easier to understand.
If you have a small magnetic field moving across a wire twelve inches long it can generate an electron flow equal to lets say one millivolt per inch.
If you move the magnet twelve inches at the same speed you get 12 millivolts as you transgress the twelve inches of wire. (This is what we have all been doing, one wire, but with magnetic fields!)
Understand that I am trying to convey a principal that you can understand for use in the future.  (That future is now!)
So, you have a wire twelve inches long and you can make 12 millivolts moving a magnet across it.
If you have a wire 1000 feet long and you move the same small magnetic field across the length of it you can create much more voltage potential perhaps 12,000 millivolts lets say. (This is EXACTLY what Litz wire does for us!  Without this main ingredient, we will never see OU with this device, IMHO.)
So, you have managed to generate a significant amount of electric power with a weak magnetic force.
OK, how does this help us? where am I going with this?
Suppose you have 1,000 pieces of wire twelve inches long and you run the same weak magnetic field over them all at the same time..... you get the same flow of electrons.
If the wires are run in series then you will get the 12,000 millivolts etc.
If you connect the wires in parallel you will get higher current but lower voltage.
However, the power potential is the same whether you run the wires in series or parallel.  (This part tells us EXACTLY how to either increase amperage, or have high voltage, depending on what we want for the output of the three collectors.  I would strongly suggest building the Stack TPU but use 1000 pieces of wire for the total amount of the collectors.  Litz wire.)
If you know how to find the circuit potential, you tune into the frequency and you have enough short pieces of wire you can convert as much power as you wish in a given space.  (The circuit potential is probably close to the stack tpu drawing, if not it exactly.  Frequency could possibly be the one that is the resonant frequency of our 1000 pieces of wire, which is SM's short pieces of wire comment here.  I would further state, that I do not think that the control wires ever connect to the collectors.  Call it a hunch.  Induction.) 
you would be fascinated with the amount of renewable energy you can extract from a permanent magnet!" (If you want to test this, run a magnet over 1 piece of wire and measure the output.  Now run it over 1000 pieces.  Which has the greater output??     My guess is that SM played with permanent magnets and litz wire, quite a bit in his early days, and saw this very simplistic principle.)

EDIT:
Litz Wire
MWS Wire Industries
31200 Cedar Valley Drive
Westlake Village, CA 91362
Phone: 818-991-8553

82.02 USD per pound, with a 2 pound minimum
55.86 USD per pound, with 10 pounds.
29 linear feet per pound
105 strands of copper, each is poly nylon coated.  Each strand is 30 awg.  Total wire (all strands) is 10 awg.

Quote #93921 When asking for it.

Bruce

[Earl]

@Bruce, @All,

I agree with Bruce's analysis 100%.

Twist 3 strands of 100'er HF-Litz together, then take 3 of these and twist them together and you will have 1000 strand HF-Litz.

Find some super solvent to dissolve the insulation, or build or buy a solder pot.  I have found using electronic flux paste together with a solder pot to work very well.

Earl