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[Grumpy]

Thanks BEP

Here are some interesting curiosities:

Velocity of longitudinal wave (Tesla) 471,240 km/sec
Velocity of light                            300,000 km/sec
Electric field in a conductor            100,000 km/sec
Electron in CRT @ 1600 V POT           6,000 km/sec
Electron on super conductive surface 15 - 40 m/sec
Electron in negative-doped silicon            15 m/sec
Electron hole in positive-doped silicon        5 m/sec
Electron drift in copper                      .0001 m/sec

I would think that electrons in vacuum tubes move faster than in semiconductors...hmmm

[sparks]

      Zero-point energy is mislabeled it is zero wavelength energy.  If something happens in a field that happens to the field faster than the speed of light there is no preceptable radiation (gravitational acceleration excluded) from the field.  It never happened to anything outside the field because emradiation is limited in it's ability to effect change in other parts of space.  But what if the field change is accomplished faster than the speed of light? Is there then a different kinda flow of time which isnt limited by the speed of light to manifest?

[Grumpy]

http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/eserv/UQ:9792/saha-edwards-aup.pdf

Abstract:

Currents are established on the surface of conductors by the propagation of electromagnetic waves in the insulating material between them. If the load is less than the characteristic impedance of the insulating material of the line, multiple reflections and retransmissions eventually build up the line current to that required by the load. The currents are initially established on the surface of the conductors before diffusing relatively slowly into the interior and gives rise to the skin effect. The diffusion velocity depends the conductivity, permeability, thickness of the conductor, and the frequency of the excitation, and such effects of the diffusion process are difficult to conceptually appreciate. Fortunately, the diffusion of heat into solids is very similar, and will be used as ananalogy to aid understanding. This diffusion is the means whereby current moves into conductors and flux into of magnetic cores.

Excerpt:

For a very large copper conductor the penetration velocity at a frequency 50Hz is approximately 8 m/s. This relatively low velocity is not very apparent in every day applications because the currents needed to energise electrical loads initially propagate along the cable(transmission line) to the load as displacement currents in the insulation, at velocities approaching c. The displacement current builds up the line current on the surface of the conducting cables by multiple reflections, and this current diffuses into the interior of the conductor [1], Thus current changes (electron accelerations) actually move into the conductors from the outside surfaces and only have to diffuse through the thickness of the conductors (half the diameter) rather than along the whole length of the cable from the power source to the load. If it were not for the displacement current setting up the surface currents in the first instance, energy transmission, (other than via relatively steady dc currents) via copper conductors would be virtually impossible because of the long diffusion times and attenuations.

[giantkiller]

@BEP,
This is my latest 4" build right from the low inductance copper only specs. I am following through with a number of completions of OU projects. I am on this one this next. My acccident will not deter me.

Can I put a gold star on my calendar? 

Seriously...

I use this.  Make yourself a simple coil. Instead of a ferrous core use a conductive core. Bang the coil with A.C., D.C., pulses, whatever. Read the voltage from one end of the conductive core to the other and note the polarity. It will be very small.

Now connect that core in series with the coil so the measured core polarity works 'with' the applied polarity of the coil for pulsed D.C.

When current is going through the coil it 'induces' the same direction current into the core which 'induces' the same current direction in the coil, etc., etc., etc.

No. This example won't give you free energy and it works better if the coil is canceling bifilar 

If you wrap a few turns of wire on a short piece of wire don't expect much 

[Justalabrat]

There are a lot of TPU threads here.  I was just wondering if anyone has managed to light up a 100 watt bulb yet?