ENERGY AMPLIFICATION

[totoalas]

toto, warm greetings and thanks, I hope you all soon recover ...

Thanks
350 Km per hour winds flatten one island    kept crying when we see them relived their stories... Were used to ryphoons but not this one       
With Gods help   will survive     ...  Another one coming   55km per hour  this Friday    same   route.....


Cheers

Toto

[a.king21]

What can anyone say. It has to be one of the worst disasters ever.
My sympathies to the poor people.

[d3x0r]

Falstad simulation of power amplifier.  (Java reqd.)

This is essentially what I have on my bench.  and I'm pretty sure that I'm getting more out than in... but pushing more power I'm exceeding the limits of my drivers...


2.83W in 7.29W out (changing the load resistor decreases output...
at 20 ohms input goes down to 1.65W and output to 7.05W but the LED load lights in both... err only one direction (power not calculated for this load)


32 ohm resistance and the LED load on the other side just begins to light (I'm really starting to like this simulator

50 ohm resistor both sides light input down to 660mw and 4W output.  Voltage and current in phase on load.

The simulation is only partially true.  It's a 1:1 transformer (basically) but the outputs are wound together bifilar, one end is grounded on one, the other end is grounded to the other, the outside ends don't have to be put to LED load to ground, it can just go across an incandescent to light it.  (failed flourescent, with internal driver intact).  ...


The inductance on the simulation matters also, if the inductance on the transformer is too low, then the input power exceeds the output.

; meh (what I mean to say, is sorry if you cliked the link and read this far); all the power is negative... it's -10W in and 7.29W out....


(just have the voltage source backwards)



Another falstad sim. This is more like what I have right now...(second picture) But this is where simulators start to fail.  I actually get enough power to light loads on the branches from the oscillator .  (well, actually I only have one, and it's a conventional bifilar ferrite toroid, and in resonance, it has some power... but its performance decreases with increased input voltage because the oscillator runs slower, which is a lower gap between pulses.  The Immediate loads which aren't here shape the pulse so I get a nice strong pulse that causes an oscillation... a low voltage, high current load, diminishes the ability to get a good signal out to a load... I could light a 75V neon bulb with a 60V pulse from the coil, at like 1/5'th harmonic... so there was 5 pulses of the resonant circuit for 1 input, but the signal was fairly asymetrical because of the loading I had on the mazilli sides...  A non load will yield absolutely highest voltage, and it will be symmetric. 


But, I've had places where I had 100V +/- from ground and it wouldn't spark the neon at all.... When I have that, I pick up the pulse pretty much anywhere with the scope probe floating.  I just see it more when it's attached to a wire attached to the circuit....


Also I've chained lots more coils at various points, and they end up with a measurable voltage, but that voltage is useless to do anything with.    Attaching that voltage to anything at all like ground is bad.... but it can drive resonance in other parts I think; not enough ferrites to balance everything to the same rates... not enough coils of low enough frequencies.....

(third picture, includes the loads on sides of mazzilli capacitor)

(4th picture just replaces signal generator with real generator...)  doesn't work.  Fails. Interaction is really that the 2 coils are together on a core, and the other bifilar is on that same core (quad filament essentially)

[lancaIV]

 the "father" of the diode:

Ferdinand Braun




Ferdinand Braun , 1909
Karl Ferdinand Braun ( born June 6 1850 in Fulda , † 20 April 1918 in New York ) was a German physicist , electrical engineer and Nobel laureate (1909 , shared with Guglielmo Marconi) , who starred in particularly because of the Heinrich Hertz in 1888 to make experimentally proven electromagnetic radiation newsworthy available .
Contents [hide ]
1 Biography
1.1 Family and Education
1.2 work as a teacher
1.3 as a professor
1.4 Honours
2 inventions and developments
2.1 Braun tube
2.2 Receiver
2.3 radio transmitter
2.4 antennas
2.5 Brown ULTRASONIC electroscope
3 Telefunken
4 Works
5 References
6 Literature and Media
7 links
Biography [edit ]


Family and Education [ Edit]
The sixth of seven children of the Hessian court officials Konrad Ferdinand Braun visited the Domgymnasium Fulda. His eldest brother was Wunibald Brown, the co-founder of Hartmann & Braun . After high school he studied from 1868 Mathematics and Natural Sciences at the University of Marburg . 1868/69 he was Konkneipant , on 6 May 1878 Corp. loop carrier Teutonia Marburg. [ 1] [ 2] The Corps also belonged to his brothers Philip and Adolf . In 1885, Brown married his wife Amélie Buhler from Lahr Baden , and they had two sons and two daughters .
1869 Brown went to Berlin , where he was allowed to work in the private laboratory of Heinrich Gustav Magnus , which was considered a special award . After Magnus ' death in the spring of 1870 Brown continued his studies at Georg Hermann Quincke continue . About string vibrations he graduated in 1872 as Doctor of Physics ( Dr. phil. ) . [3 ]
Activity as a teacher [ Edit]
Since Brown had no money to be working as an assistant and later lecturer , he put 1873 in Marburg the state exam for high school and adopted the following year a second job as a teacher of mathematics and natural sciences at the St. Thomas School at Leipzig . There he ran the way scientific studies of vibration and power line, he managed his first big discovery . To this he expresses himself in the annals of physics and chemistry from 1874: " ... when a large number of natural and artificial sulphides ... the resistance was the same with different direction , intensity and duration of the current. Differences up to 30 % of the entire value . "
This rectifier effect of lead sulfide crystals disagreed with Ohm's law , but found little attention . However, it established the scientific reputation of Ferdinand Braun . One explanation for this effect was brown , despite intensive research life no more , this time lacked even the basic physics - it was not until the 20th Century with the findings of quantum physics. He still does so as the discoverer of semiconductor diode in 1874.
During his time in Leipzig Brown wrote his only book, " The young mathematician and scientist - Introduction to the secrets of numbers and wonders of arithmetic " , which appeared in 1876 [ 4] He did so with his students interest in the mathematical and physical . laws of nature awaken .
As a professor [ Edit]
1877 Brown was appointed associate professor of theoretical physics at Marburg . He went to Strasbourg in 1880 and received in 1883 a full professor of physics at the University of Karlsruhe. In 1887, he received a call from the Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen , where he worked in management positions in the founding and building of the Physics Institute with . In 1895 he became director of the Institute of Physics and Full Professor of Kaiser-Wilhelms- University of Strasbourg . 1905/ 06 he was its rector. [ 5 ]
Brown was among his students as a master of intelligible speech and the spectacular even for amateurs experiment , a style of his loose, sometimes humorously written textbook " The young mathematician and scientist " continued into which appeared in numerous print runs in 1875. He also wrote numerous articles for the satirical magazine Flying leaves .
Of his students are particularly noteworthy Jonathan Zenneck , a pioneer of Ion Research and Leonid Mandelstam Isaakowitsch Papalexi and Nikolai Dmitrievich ( 1880-1947 ) , they founded the Russian high-frequency technology . Max Dieckmann was a doctoral student and assistant to him.
Honours [edit ]
Brown was awarded the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physics for his contribution to the development of wireless telegraphy . He shared the Nobel Prize with the Italian Guglielmo Marconi.
The Ferdinand -Braun- school in his native city of Fulda is a technical vocational school.
The Ferdinand -Braun-Institut , Leibniz Institute for High Frequency Technology , a research organization based in Berlin , bears his name.
Several streets are named after him , including in Bocholt, Bremen-Horn -Lehe , Cuxhaven Dusseldorf , Fulda, Heilbronn , Nuremberg and Würzburg.
According to § 3 of honor as the city of Fulda is citizens who have undertaken special efforts and have thereby contributed to the reputation of the city, awarded the Ferdinand -Braun- Medal of the City of Fulda.
Inventions and developments [ Edit]


Braun tube [ Edit]
The still ongoing awareness Brown owes its cathode ray tube , which is according to him, also often called Braun tube . Today it is quoted under a high vacuum tube in which an electron beam can be deflected in horizontal and vertical direction. The first version , it was in 1897 still in Karlsruhe , but was not so far from perfect out : they had only a cold cathode and a moderate vacuum to 100,000 V accelerating voltage required to recognize a tracer of the magnetically deflected beam can . The magnetic deflection also affected only one direction , the other was built from a rotating mirror in front of the illuminated area . But the industry was immediately interested in this invention , which is why they could be developed immediately . In 1899 led Browns assistant Zenneck relaxation oscillations for magnetic Y deflection a , later followed by thermionic cathode , control grid cylinder and high vacuum. This tube could not be used for Oscilloscopes, but by Manfred von Ardenne was the first time as a fundamental component in the first all-electronic television broadcast on 14 December 1930 , used as a so-called picture tube for television , although Brown had this even as designated unsuitable for television .
Radio receiver [ Edit]
With his invention tube Braun began in the field of wireless telegraphy to investigate . A problem in the wireless technology was functioning in a reliable receiver Brown was accustomed as a physicist to deal with reproducible experimental conditions , these conditions corresponded to the then usual coherer receiver but barely . Thus, Brown replaced the coherer by a crystal detector , which then brought a huge improvement in the sensitivity of the receiver - even if the crystal detector had to be stopped cleanly again. Only the electron tube could replace the crystal detector, but still found use for some time in low cost receivers . Also the first VHF radars have used a detector.
The tech-savvy producer Ludwig Cologne Chocolate Stollwerckstraße founded end of 1898 in Cologne, a consortium for the exploitation of patents Braun . Stollwerckstraße brought a 560,000 Mark share capital . After reaching the radio communication over a greater distance , the consortium was "Professor Brown 's Telegraph Company Ltd. " converted to the later Telefunken AG emerged from the . 1900, Stollwerckstraße the contact to Professor August  , CEO of " Siemens & Halske Telegraph Construction Company " , which later took over the apparatus .
Radio transmitter [ Edit]




The Brown transmitter




24th September 1900 , wireless bridge Cuxhaven - Helgoland Köpsel , Brown, Zenneck
Transmitting end, Brown was the wireless technology also help to enormous advances : Guglielmo Marconi had brought about his mainly empirically transmitter so that could improve viewing of the physical background it brown. Were swinging and circular antenna original one, so separating these two parts brown . Now there was a primary circuit , consisting of capacitor and spark gap , and a mind inductively coupled antenna circuit , thereby so that the emitted energy could be increased in this system.
So it came back in 1899 to such powerful systems that the term " Ferntelegrafie " received his permission : you could previously only up to 20 km bridge , the distance records increased from month to month. On 24 September 1900 achieved a wireless bridge between Cuxhaven and Helgoland over a distance of 62 km. [6 ] On 12 December 1901 Marconi radio signals received from his station Poldhu (Cornwall ) on Signal Hill in St. John's , Newfoundland. Marconi used a transmitter circuit in brown . Whether this reception has been actually possible is controversial in the literature.
In parallel, Brown tried to replace the spark - bang technology , which produced only damped oscillations . He succeeded with alternators, the undamped oscillations generated , while it was not yet possible a feedback circuit with electron tubes .
Antennas [ Edit]
An early problem of radio relay , the targeting of transmit and receive antennas to each other , Brown also very busy . He was one of the first who succeeded in a directional radiation .
Brown ULTRASONIC electroscope [ Edit]
Brown is considered the inventor of the Zeigerelektroskops , which is therefore named after him. [7 ]
Telefunken [ Edit]


Brown was one of the founders of the Funkentelegrafie GmbH in Cologne (1898 ) and the Society for wireless telegraphy Telefunken in Berlin ( 1903) . The latter led him aged 64 and with ailing health to New York : The large radio station at Sayville , the counterpart to Nauen should cease operations due to patent litigation. The process dragged on , after Brown was surprised by the USA entered the war , and therefore no longer allowed to go back . He lived as a war internee [8 ] largely undisturbed in Brooklyn until 20 April 1918 died as a result of an accident.
His wish was to be buried in his hometown of Fulda was . As an overpass during the First World War was not possible , succeeded his son Conrad first in 1921 to convict the urn containing the remains of Fulda. The funeral took place on Saturday 4th June 1921 , at 11 clock 30th There were , in glorious weather , few people appeared because at the same time the main rally was held a diocesan Catholic Conference . The magistrate was represented only by a subordinate official.
Works [ Edit]


Wireless telegraphy through water and air. Severus , Hamburg 2010 , ISBN 978-3-942382-02-1 ( reprint of the original edition of 1901) .
Secrets and wonders of the number of arithmetic , with an introduction by Hans -Erhard Lessing, rororo 60808 , Reinbek 2000, ISBN 3-499-60808-1 .
References [edit ]


High jumping ↑ Blue Book of the Corps Teutonia Marburg from 1825 to 2000 to
High jumping ↑ Kösener Corp. lists in 1930, 104 , 530
High jumping ↑ dissertation: About the influence of stiffness , mounting and amplitude of the vibrations of strings
High jumping ↑ Karl Ferdinand Braun : secrets and wonders of the number of arithmetic . Abridged edition , Reinbek 2000, ISBN 3-499-60808-1
High jumping ↑ Rector's Address ( HKM )
High jumping ↑ Prof. F. Brown . Wireless telegraphy through water and air, Veit & Comp , Leipzig ( 1901)
High jumping ↑ Sven H. Grooms from the physics lab : Principles and experiments in classical physics school , page 172 Partly online available at Google Books
High jumping ↑ Gottlieb Tesmer , Walther Müller: honor roll of St. Thomas School in Leipzig. The teachers and graduates of the St. Thomas School in Leipzig from 1912 to 1932 . On behalf of the Thomanerbundes , self-publishing, Leipzig , 1934, p 1
Literature and Media [ Edit]


Zenneck Jonathan Brown , Karl Ferdinand . In : New German Biography ( NDB ) . Volume 2 , Duncker & Humblot , Berlin , 1955, ISBN 3-428-00183-4 , pp. 554 f ( digitized ) .
Friedrich Kurylo : Ferdinand Braun. Life and work of the inventor of the Braun tube . Moss, Munich in 1965.
Florian Hars : Ferdinand Braun (1850 - 1918). A Wilhelmine physicist. Diepholz , publisher of the History of Natural Science and Technology , Berlin 1999, ISBN 978-3-928186-39-1 .
Kurt Hunter, Frederick Heilbronner : Encyclopedia of Electrical Engineers . 2 Edition . VDE, Berlin / Offenbach 2010, ISBN 978-3-8007-2903-6 ( table of contents , PDF , 125 KB) .
Milestones of modern communication. P.M. The knowledge Edition. Documentation , DVD, 2007 ( in Chap Brown 15 min ) EAN 4260121730866
Michael Mott : Pioneer of Telecommunications / When television pioneer and Nobel laureate became Ferdinand Braun (1850-1918) world fame , in: Fulda newspaper , 31 December 2008 , p 14 (Series : Fulda heads).
External links [ edit]


Wikisource : Ferdinand Braun - sources and full texts
Commons : Karl Ferdinand Braun - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Information of the Nobel Foundation to award 1909 Ferdinand Braun (English)
Literature by and about Ferdinand Braun in the catalog that German national library
The Cathode Ray Tube site
Short film ( 4 min ) of the 100 students at the University of Fulda Return of the Nobel Prize in 2009
fold
Winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics
1901 X | 1902 Lorentz, Zeeman | 1903 Becquerel, M. Curie, P. Curie | 1904 Rayleigh | 1905 : Lenard | 1906 JJ Thomson | 1907 Michelson | 1908 : Lippmann | 1909: Brown, Marconi | 1910 : van der Waals | 1911 Vienna | 1912 Dalén | 1913: Kamerlingh Onnes | 1914: Laue | 1915 WH Bragg, WL Bragg | 1916 : not awarded | 1917 Barkla | 1918 Planck | 1919 High | 1920: Guillaume | 1921: Einstein | 1922 N. Drilling | 1923 Millikan | 1924 M. Siegbahn | 1925 Franck Hertz | 1926 Perrin | 1927 Compton, CTR Wilson | 1928 : O. W. Richardson | 1929: de Broglie | 1930 : Raman | 1931 : not awarded | 1932 : Heisenberg | 1933 Schrödinger , Dirac | 1934 : not awarded | 1935: Chadwick | 1936 Hess , CD Anderson | 1937: Davisson , GP Thomson | 1938: Fermi | 1939: Lawrence | 1940-1942 : not awarded | 1943 : star | 1944 Rabi | 1945: Paul | 1946 Bridgman | 1947: Appleton | 1948: Blackett | 1949 Yukawa | 1950 Powell | 1951 Cockcroft Walton | 1952: Bloch, Purcell | 1953 Zernike | 1954 : Born, Bothe | 1955: Lamb , Kush | 1956 Shockley , Bardeen, Brattain | 1957 Yang, T.-D. Lee | 1958 : Cherenkov , Frank , Tamm | 1959 : Segre , Chamberlain | 1960: Glaziers | 1961: Hofstadter , Mössbauer | 1962 : Landau | 1963: Wigner , Goeppert- Mayer, Jensen | 1964 Townes , Basov , Prokhorov | 1965 Feynman , Schwinger , Tomonaga | 1966 Kastler | 1967: Bethe | 1968 Alvarez | 1969 Gell-Mann | 1970: Alfvén , Neel | 1971: Gábor | 1972 Bardeen , Cooper, Schrieffer | 1973: Esaki , Giaever , Josephson | 1974 : Ryle , Hewish | 1975: AN Bohr, Mottelson , Rainwater | 1976: Judge , Ting | 1977 PW Anderson, Mott, Van Vleck | 1978 Kapitsa , Penzias and RW Wilson | 1979 : Glashow , Salam , Weinberg | 1980: Cronin, Fitch | 1981 Bloembergen , Schawlow K. Siegbahn | 1982 : K. Wilson | 1983 : Chandrasekhar , Fowler | 1984 Rubbia , van der Meer | 1985 Klitzing | 1986 Ruska , Binnig , Rohrer | 1987 : Bednorz , Müller | 1988 : Lederman , Schwartz, Steinberger | 1989 : Paul, Dehmelt , Ramsey | 1990: Friedman, Kendall, RE Taylor | 1991 de Gennes | 1992 Charpak | 1993 Hulse , JH Taylor, Jr. | 1994 : Brockhouse , Shull | 1995 : Perl, Pure | 1996 DM Lee, Osheroff , RC Richardson | 1997 : Chu , Cohen- Tannoudji , Phillips | 1998 : Laughlin, Störmer , Tsui | 1999 : 't Hooft , Veltman | 2000 : Alferov , Kroemer , Kilby | 2001 : Cornell , Ketterle , Wieman | 2002: Davis Jr. , Koshiba , Giacconi | 2003 : Abrikosov , Ginzburg , Leggett | 2004 : Gross, Politzer , Wilczek | 2005 : Glauber , Hall, Hänsch | 2006 : Mather, Smoot | 2007 : Fert , Grünberg | 2008 : Nambu , Kobayashi, Maskawa | 2009 : Kao , Boyle, Smith | 2010 : Geim , Novoselov | 2011 : Perlmutter , Schmidt, Riess | 2012: Haroche , Wineland | 2013 : Englert, Higgs




And what did his "Dr. -sons" Mandelstam and Papalexi ?
https://www.google.pt/?gws_rd=cr&ei=LnKCUo72CMfPtQbO_oGABA#q=mandelstam+papalexi

With my best regard
                            CL   


p.s.: here Sr.Oraczion
       for safe drink-water producing
http://daigdigpinoy.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=51:ernesto-labuntog&catid=34:filipino-inventors&Itemid=66


and for less consume of emergency gen-sets:
http://nuvitronicstechnologies.blogspot.pt/


Best wishes from Portugal

[lancaIV]

A good morning,
here a link from overunity.de member wanninger which gives probably some answers about  "free energy"-machines:
http://www.veproject1.org/

With no ,sometimes to accept cause neo-ak behaviour ,IAEO-confiscation risk and denominated: workable

Sincerely
              CL