I am interested for these concepts !
http://www.keelynet.com/energy/tricksol.htm (http://www.keelynet.com/energy/tricksol.htm)
The "Sunenergy" cell
"He says that each final cell is 1/4" thick, having a surface area of 1 square inch and a power output of 1.9 volts at 5 amperes."
~ 14725 W/sqm
and the "solar harness" from Owen Barker.
Has got anybody more information about the details ?
Is Mr. Owen P. Barker alive and be kindly enpough to give more info ?
Filed: May 21, 1990 Date of Patent: Apr 23, 1991 Inventor: Owen P. Barker (http://patents.justia.com/inventor/owen-p-barker) (Trenton, NJ)
Quote from: lancaIV on June 23, 2016, 07:30:16 AM
Has got anybody more information about the details ?
Is Mr. Owen P. Barker alive and be kind enough to give more info ?
Mr. Owen P. Barker sold his solar cell to the oil industry and is now living as a billionaire in Hawaii.
On the photo you see his Barker-Tower and his private harbour with his yacht.
His yacht is powered by a 2 square meter model of his solar power cell. The Barker-Tower needs a 20 square meter panel on the flat roof.
Mr. Owen P. Barker is a bit unhappy because he is not allowed to communicate with any one about his marvellous solar cell. For compensation he enjoys a Hula dancer every now and then. Because of his advanced age he should not overdo it:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p97232Nm-8Y
Greetings, Conrad
Lanca
Unfortunate you got this kind of response from the "population" here
I searched and found a still active location..
it will take a bit more work to see if he really is still around.
If you find any contact info , PM me and I will make the calls for you and report back here.
with respect and appreciation
Chet K
Quote:
Barker also says that the magnets help to accumulate more energy, thereby increasing the efficiency of the cells.
Brad
Quote from: tinman on June 24, 2016, 07:42:51 PM
Quote:
Barker also says that the magnets help to accumulate more energy, thereby increasing the efficiency of the cells.
Brad
Interesting, late night project.
Quote from: Dave45 on June 24, 2016, 07:52:07 PM
Interesting, late night project.
I wonder if it's the magnetic field or the flux that enhances the effect? Maybe it needs to be an electromagnet or vibrating neo? It would also be neat to try running the solar panel output in series with a low R electromagnet so it's a continuous feedback loop.
http://www.google.com/patents/US5009243 (http://www.google.com/patents/US5009243)
but without detailed Keelynet info like :
(You should obtain the entire patent and study it.)
Our friend Wesley at Energy Research says, '[/size][size=78%]The output of this one is hard to believe. It has been witnessed by thousands of people. The output of one module that uses fewer cells than a conventional panel will produce between forty and seventy amps at 19 volts.'[/size]
publicated "only" from 0,5V to 1,0V magnification
Notwithstanding the formidable prior art, there is no teaching which shows or renders obvious the present invention solar harness which [/font][/size]utilizes magnets in alternating series with solar cells to create a conductive magnetic field to simultaneously support the solar cells in a solderless fashion and to enhance the influx of energy to the solar cells to create a high voltage series of cells. Further, many of the other features of the present invention described herein are not suggested or taught in the prior art.[/font][/size]
it has been found that substantial increases in output without substantial increases in surface area has been achieved by the arrangement of magnets and solar cells as used in the solar harness of the present invention. It seems that the magnets act to draw in photons so that more photons are striking the solar cell surface and being absorbed. Additionally, in a given stack, the magnets may accelerate the movement of photons and those that are not absorbed in the first solar cell of a stack may be pulled toward each of the next sequential solar cells in a stack until absorbed. This phenomenon decreases the random deflection of unabsorbed photons and therefore substantially increases solar cell photon absorption and ultimate electrical production. Additionally, the magnets themselves are preferably wrapped or wound with a conductive material such as a conductive foil, or a conductive wire or a conductive coating of highly conductive metals such as nickel, copper, silver, gold or the like. The windings or wrappings of conductive material may be the same for a series of magnets, may involve opposite windings on each magnet and/or variable windings, depending upon desired voltage and amperage. In one preferred embodiment, there are two (opposite) windings on each magnet and all magnets (except those end magnets with leads) are identical.[/font][/size]
The highly conductive magnets such as the aforementioned wrapped magnets may actually be performing four different functions: (1) the movement of photons towards a given solar cell surface; (2) the bending of electrons which might otherwise miss a solar cell surface towards the actual solar cell itself; (3) the movement of unabsorbed photons passing through a given solar cell towards the surface of the next adjacent solar cell; (4) the conduction of current down the stack of solar cells so as to increase electrical output in series. Of course, additionally, the magnets perform the very important mechanical functions of holding the solar cells in a given arrangement and of allowing solar cells to be added, removed, or substituted in a given array.[/font][/size]
In addition to the solar harness of the present invention, it has been discovered that the solar harness, when placed in an evacuated container, will experience further increased efficiency and increased output. Thus, the present invention solar harness may include a container which is transmissive to sunlight and this may be partially or completely made of glass, quartz or similar material. Additionally, it may be partially or nearly completely evacuated or the air may be replaced with a more useful gas such as inert gases like neon or such as other gases which are easily ionizable. It is believed that the substitution of air with these kinds of gases or the removal of a substantial number of air molecules allows for more photons to arrive at the solar cell surfaces.[/font][/size]
In addition, the solar harness may be located at the focal point of a paraboloidal reflector so that concentrated solar energy may be absorbed by the solar harness. Further, it has been discovered that, as a result of the particular geometry of a parabolic reflector and the fact that a glass or plastic or other coating is involved in the mirror of such a device, that the specific refractive index of the material of which the deflector is constructed will cause a prismatic break up of various wavelengths of sunlight and may place the very hot, red color light waves at a focal point different from the focal point where the blue, the green or the violet light might be found. As a result, it has been discovered that a solar harness of the present invention, when located at the focal point corresponding to the very hot, red color concentrated sunlight may burn up but, when placed at the focal point or points of the cooler wavelengths, will generate substantial electric current without suffering from extreme heat.[/font][/size]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n9dZm4njHP8 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n9dZm4njHP8)
Thanks' a lot !
https://www.yellowpagesgoesgreen.org/whitepages/details/pa/OWEN_P_BARKER/1879338 (https://www.yellowpagesgoesgreen.org/whitepages/details/pa/OWEN_P_BARKER/1879338)
http://www.whitepages.com/name/Owen-P-Barker/Perkasie
A video !!
quite amazing how resourceful some members are here.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n9dZm4njHP8
@ rensseak
thanks
@Lanca
I'll keep at it ,much more useful info there
[still not enuff ,however we should be able to reach a family member so as to Help Owen release this Technology
as well as understand it !! :)
Thanks
ChetKremens@gmail.com
More substance but still hearsay
The Barker Solar Harness - 09/19/97
Alex mentioned an inventor named Owen P. Barker, who secured patent number 5,009,243 in 1991 for a 'Solar Harness'.
The device was based on solar cells placed in a chamber filled with CO2 gas. Magnets were placed near the solar cells to align the current flow in a specific direction.
The claim is that such a unit when exposed to direct sunlight, would produce up to 50 amperes at the combined voltage of the solar cells.
When xenon gas was used instead of CO2, the amperage could go as high as 70 amps.
Somehow the magnetic field is supposed to enhance the generated current.
----------------------------------------
still no Good contact info for the inventor
Quote from: ramset on June 26, 2016, 07:17:15 AM
More substance but still hearsay
The Barker Solar Harness - 09/19/97
Alex mentioned an inventor named Owen P. Barker, who secured patent number 5,009,243 in 1991 for a 'Solar Harness'.
The device was based on solar cells placed in a chamber filled with CO2 gas. Magnets were placed near the solar cells to align the current flow in a specific direction.
The claim is that such a unit when exposed to direct sunlight, would produce up to 50 amperes at the combined voltage of the solar cells.
When xenon gas was used instead of CO2, the amperage could go as high as 70 amps.
Somehow the magnetic field is supposed to enhance the generated current.
----------------------------------------
still no Good contact info for the inventor
.
So you're basically saying the solar cell is being used kinda like a capacitor? (ie: for charge separation?)
The biggest mystery though, is what role the pressurized gas is playing in all of this?
"like a capacitor",the total system: yes, not only the use of the solar cells !
http://www.google.com/patents/US5009243 (http://www.google.com/patents/US5009243)
".......In addition to the solar harness of the present invention, it has been discovered that the solar harness, when placed in an evacuated container, will experience further increased efficiency and increased output. Thus, the present invention solar harness may include a container which is transmissive to sunlight and this may be partially or completely made of glass, quartz or similar material. Additionally, it may be partially or nearly completely evacuated or the air may be replaced with a more useful gas such as inert gases like neon or such as other gases which are easily ionizable. It is believed that the substitution of air with these kinds of gases or the removal of a substantial number of air molecules allows for more photons to arrive at the solar cell surfaces. ....."
"Ionizer"-function
Decelerating the velocity : resistance to "Recombination" ?
Photoelectric : Photons
Thermoelectric: Phonons (acoustics,noise)
To estimate and understand the internal process ,probably as a help :
http://www.google.com/patents/US3890161 (http://www.google.com/patents/US3890161)
Any heating of the diode array above absolute zero will cause thermal agitation of electrons with the junction layer. This thermal noise, or Johnson noise, is in effect an external signal and not an equilibrium prodnet. This signal in a diode either activates attracting carriers which recombine conveying currents or activates repelling carriers which convey little current. The electrostatic sorting requires less energy than the signal itself and is as reliable as the location of fixed carriers.
The diode formed does not need energy to maintain its existence and only a little to operate. The signal generated by thermal agitation is then both the power operating the switch and the power switched. This is because the Johnson noise signal is generated at the junction itself and, therefore, requires no minimum signal to initiate this effect.
Heat is absorbed in the system because heat energizes the carriers in the first place. Some of the energy is consumed as electricity externally, and the rest is returned to the system. Since a reduced energy total will fail to maintain the original temperature. the diode array will experience a reduction in temperature and will withdraw heat from the environment. During open circuit or short circuit conditions, the device produces no power or cooling. Electron balance is maintainend in the overall system by the ground connection 28.
By isolating the junction layer within the pores of the membrane, the noise source is similarly isolated since the noise source is coincident with the junction layer. The internal field and internal state in the junction layer can then differentiate even though the diodes in the array share a common terminal voltage. This effect is not cumulative for carriers on one junction face of one diode because there is low lateral resistance, a uniform junction field, and a uniform internal state.
http://www.google.com/patents/US5889287 (http://www.google.com/patents/US5889287)
(Electrons)= Ion-gas cycle
http://web.archive.org/web/20070602085657/http://www.io.com/~frg/ (http://web.archive.org/web/20070602085657/http://www.io.com/~frg/)
http://web.archive.org/web/20090713230425/http://www.io.com/~frg/history.htm
a thermal storage ,ceramic tile,for 35$/KWh thermal energy storage 24/365
Picked up a little 40 watt panel today, free :)
https://youtu.be/WnPc1o3Qb3Q
Electrons=ions
You guys know this is what kapandze is doing, ;)
A coils magnetic field is opposite polarity of the applied current.
This is why a coil pulsed with dc will give ac.
Pulse a coil with a pos pulse an get neg bemf, pulse a coil with a neg pulse an get a pos bemf.
Ionized air, oxygen an nitrogen
So many different types of solar cells to select from! I expect the ideal would be one that allows for the through transmission of light for photons to interact with multiple cells in the stack, and a type that allows for magnetic connection both sides. Any suggestions for what to purchase for experimenting/replicating is appreciated.
http://www.google.com/patents/US20060121748 (http://www.google.com/patents/US20060121748)
Quote
The coupling device according to the invention is elucidated on the basis of an exemplary embodiment, Wherein thin-film solar cells With a titanium carrier foil are coupled. It is pointed out that within the scope of the inventive concept the coupling device is equally applicable for coupling thin-film solar cells with a metalized plastic carrier foil.
It is emphasized that in the context of the present invention "thin-film photovoltaic cells" include all photovoltaic cells Which have a thickness such that they are suitable for electrical coupling to a coupling device according to the invention. Examples of such photovoltaic cells are chalcogenide cells, in particular copper indium(gallium)selenide (Cl(G)S) cells, cells With amorphous silicon, organic cells and dye-sensitized liquid cells.
tak
http://web.archive.org/web/20070602085657/http://www.io.com/~frg/ (http://web.archive.org/web/20070602085657/http://www.io.com/~frg/)
Like the TAC generator in the video, this tiny MEMS thermoacoustic generator converts heat into electricity.The source of heat can be solar radiation,[size=-1] waste heat from combustion, even body heat. It requires no maintenance and is cost competitive with all existing power generation equipment.
Cost of capitalized equipment: MEMS-TAR < $0.10/W
The MEMS-TAR is an innovative micro-miniature generator-on-a-chip that uses sonic energy to convert heat into electricity. It integrates signal processing, power conditioning and control circuitry all in the same package, and can be configured as an eight pin DIP chip. It can be used singly or packaged into panel arrays for harvesting solar energy at five percent of the cost of competing technologies such as photovoltaics.
http://web.archive.org/web/20070804183450/http://www.io.com/~frg/tar.htm (http://web.archive.org/web/20070804183450/http://www.io.com/~frg/tar.htm)
The MEMS-TAR handles more throughput and has a greater output than PVs. It can produce two or three times the output, for a given surface area, [/font][/size]as conventional photovoltaics--~600 Watt/sq. meter for MEMS-TARs
vs. ~200 Watts/sq. meter for PVs.
With water cooling the MEMS-TAR can easily tolerate throughputs of >10 Watts/cm2.
It can withstand stagnation temperatures in excess of 600 F (315 C) for long periods without damage.[/font][/size]
10 Watts/cm2 = 100 000 Watts/sqm : how much the costs per Wp including the cooling system costs ? (cooling: IBM solution ?)
http://www.google.com/patents/US5009243 (http://www.google.com/patents/US5009243) concentrator,evacuated chamber,magnets,special gases + TAR cell array
Lanca
you found the patent info !
http://www.google.com/patents/US5009243
Thank you
I will call the TAR link and report any result.[they are a few yours behind me , still early there
Chet K
Lanca
Nobody picking up the phone at those contact numbers for Thermo acoustic cycle generators or TAC .
Hello Chet,
from directly view you are right,the MEMS-TAR is not an Owen Barker development,but based by Oscar Fellows !
The point is that the Barker concept is not "special solar converter" related,there is the conceptual freedom to use each other kind of radiation conversion in Barkers "radiation chamber idea" and the TAR is actually the best solution from my opinion !
But propably there is the need to begin with that material (conventional solar cells) that is comercial available than to dream about the perfect final solution !
About the TAR development we can read in the www.io.com/~frg (http://www.io.com/~frg) page (offered by archive.org):
http://web.archive.org/web/20100811112735/http://www.io.com/~frg/developer-partners.html (http://web.archive.org/web/20100811112735/http://www.io.com/~frg/developer-partners.html)
October 2009: FRG has traded an IP license for stock in Resonant Energy Systems, Inc. The two companies are collaborating to produce the MEMS-TAR, a TAC generator-on-a-microchip, and the MicroTAC personal power generator.
http://www.resonant-energy.com (http://www.resonant-energy.com)
Resonant Energy Systems, Inc.
112 Clear Spring RoadGeorgetown, TX 78628
Phone: 512-864-2097Fax: 240-536-1317
e-mail: info@resonant-energy.com
Contacts:
Dr. Michael Pedersen (Resonant Energy Systems, Inc)[/font][/size]Lee Fellows (Fellows Research Group)[/size]
But nothing new since 2010 !
well the answering machine message still works ,albeit a very short and fuzzy message,
and now reading your Link.. it seems -Fellows research group- is what the message says !
Chet
* Edit
see below
Lanca
OK I have been contacted [It was a bad time for me to talk at the time]
we spoke briefly ...a very pleasant exchange and I have a follow up call /appointment for this evening.
I will be reporting back !
respectfully
Chet
some more on the fellows research group [Not Owen Barker yet]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ro6f_nmJh0E
https://de.images.search.yahoo.com/search/images;_ylt=A9mSs2Yad71XiZcAvTUzCQx.;_ylu=X3oDMTByZmVxM3N0BGNvbG8DaXIyBHBvcwMxBHZ0aWQDBHNlYwNzYw--?p=Glasfaserlampe+Bild&fr=mcafee (https://de.images.search.yahoo.com/search/images;_ylt=A9mSs2Yad71XiZcAvTUzCQx.;_ylu=X3oDMTByZmVxM3N0BGNvbG8DaXIyBHBvcwMxBHZ0aWQDBHNlYwNzYw--?p=Glasfaserlampe+Bild&fr=mcafee)
light from f.e. lamp as source to glas fibre
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
glas fibre to solar fibre cell
https://de.images.search.yahoo.com/search/images;_ylt=A9mSs2eOeL1XskgAFekzCQx.;_ylu=X3oDMTByZmVxM3N0BGNvbG8DaXIyBHBvcwMxBHZ0aWQDBHNlYwNzYw--?p=Solar+Fiber+Cell&fr=mcafee (https://de.images.search.yahoo.com/search/images;_ylt=A9mSs2eOeL1XskgAFekzCQx.;_ylu=X3oDMTByZmVxM3N0BGNvbG8DaXIyBHBvcwMxBHZ0aWQDBHNlYwNzYw--?p=Solar+Fiber+Cell&fr=mcafee)
http://opvap.com/solar.files/image010.jpg (http://opvap.com/solar.files/image010.jpg) inverse,light fiber tube
this old Batelle-Institute concept reversing
http://www.google.com/patents/US4913744 (http://www.google.com/patents/US4913744)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
24/365 efficient light source searched ::)
bad solution: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optoelectric_nuclear_battery (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optoelectric_nuclear_battery) "Dirty Bomb" risc
a lamp array ? http://www.rexresearch.com/imris/imris.htm (http://www.rexresearch.com/imris/imris.htm) less risc,costs per Wp
later OLED or http://newatlas.com/ultra-low-power-light/34349/ (http://newatlas.com/ultra-low-power-light/34349/) similar technique (100lm/W :-\ )
2016,Cree: 300 lm/W(lab stage)
http://www.wired.co.uk/article/230-percent-efficient-leds (http://www.wired.co.uk/article/230-percent-efficient-leds)
in mind:
The LED produces 69 picowatts of light (http://www.wired.co.uk/magazine/archive/2012/02/features/the-lightbulb-moment) using 30 picowatts of power, giving it an efficiency of 230 percent. That means it operates above "unity efficiency" -- putting it into a category normally occupied by perpetual motion machines.
However, while MIT's diode puts out more than twice as much energy in photons as it's fed in electrons, it doesn't violate the conservation of energy because it appears to draw in heat energy from its surroundings instead. When it gets more than 100 percent
electrically-efficient, it begins to cool down, stealing energy from its environment to convert into more photons.
( or/and M.I.T. LED material own transmutation and energy release !? atomic weight before/after)
They ,MIT,have one directional path from the ppm machine as "heat to light amplifier" disclosed, now we have to do the "Mirror"effect,phase shift and the cold path :
thermodynamical phase shift : what differs O(circuit,cycle) from the symbol eternal: OO ,OXO ?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnot_cycle (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnot_cycle)
the ideal machine,giving gain, needs two cycles,hot and cold path circuits
this is the "ideal thermodynamical" concept and target :
mathematical force gain to physical force gain
http://www.rexresearch.com/flynn/Ppfigure3.gif (http://www.rexresearch.com/flynn/Ppfigure3.gif)
electro(cold)-magnetism(hot) thermodynamic effect
an em-bandweith spectrum light converter working like
em force source converter unit (Figure 6,7)and total machine force sources diagram(Fig. 18/19)
https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/mosaics?CC=DE&NR=3101918A1&KC=A1&FT=D&ND=3&date=19820819&DB=EPODOC&locale=en_EP (https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/mosaics?CC=DE&NR=3101918A1&KC=A1&FT=D&ND=3&date=19820819&DB=EPODOC&locale=en_EP)
Mosaics/Drawings page 1 and 2
https://www.google.pt/search?q=transparent+inflatable+ball&client=opera&hs=E2L&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiv5rz38vjOAhXpC8AKHaWbCbwQsAQIHw&biw=1024&bih=637 (https://www.google.pt/search?q=transparent+inflatable+ball&client=opera&hs=E2L&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiv5rz38vjOAhXpC8AKHaWbCbwQsAQIHw&biw=1024&bih=637)
inside coating :
WORKS IN NATURAL, SHADED, AND EVEN INDOOR LIGHT.
http://solarwindow.com/technology/ (http://solarwindow.com/technology/)
+ electro-magnetic radiation (=light) source inside
https://cleantechnica.com/2016/06/10/coal-killing-perovskite-solar-cell-beats-20-mark-flash-assist/ (https://cleantechnica.com/2016/06/10/coal-killing-perovskite-solar-cell-beats-20-mark-flash-assist/)
240Watt panel/1333W daily peak ~ 18 % efficiency
http://www.inpama.com/index.php?content=invention&id=660 (http://www.inpama.com/index.php?content=invention&id=660)
This numbers seems only to be an 3x upgrade from a documented development from the german inventor
Paul Heinrich Marzahn ( 5 x 130 W panel and 5 x 30 W CFL )
Will try to reach Mr.Baquero by e-mail/phone and asking about functional prototype.
ES-patent office granted,probably only as utiliy model(l).
https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/originalDocument?FT=D&date=20100113&DB=EPODOC&locale=en_EP&CC=EP&NR=2144298A2&KC=A2&ND=4 (https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/originalDocument?FT=D&date=20100113&DB=EPODOC&locale=en_EP&CC=EP&NR=2144298A2&KC=A2&ND=4)
[0002]" ...who is an expert on the subject..." ::) did he want to impress the european patent office peers,
which have also to avail about applied Nobel-award granted scientists work.
http://www.ebay.com/itm/Auction-100-Watt-100W-12V-12-Volt-Flexible-Bendable-Solar-Panel-RV-Boat-Marine-/162191920474?hash=item25c3644d5a:g:xDAAAOSweWVXciCd
$1.20 per watt. ;D Looks like the ones Lasersaber uses. I saw an ad today that had shown a 220w for just over $100. Trying to find it. Not flexible though.
Mags
Sooo Lanca
I think that one link with the "revolutionary solar cell hits 100% efficiency" claim dated April first and Finishing with MyArse
may have some issues ??
this one >http://optics.org/news/7/4/1
??
Autsch ! Chet,you are right ! ::) Mr.Salvodor got me ! >:( ( Savethesmell)
100%,neither as tandem nor triple-junction cell, in efficiency was really surprising ,Carnot limit ! 8)
I know now the fundamentals :-\ ;D
solar cell concepts but as artificial light source solution:
http://www.greenbusinesslight.com/resources/lighting-lux-lumens-watts (http://www.greenbusinesslight.com/resources/lighting-lux-lumens-watts)
a measurement of 1 lux is equal to the illumination of a surface one metre away from a single candle.
Lux : definition by 1 mtr. distance ,1/10 -1/100 distance effect ? linear/progressive?
lux/lumen relationship
Bernd Koehler
1 mtr fluorescent lamp : solar cell arrangement ? sqcm aerea? market product efficiency 1985 ?
old 35 W lamps are today newer 20 W lamps light-emitting equivalent
https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&II=0&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=19900201&CC=DE&NR=3817730A1&KC=A1 (https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&II=0&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=19900201&CC=DE&NR=3817730A1&KC=A1)
http://translationportal.epo.org/emtp/translate/?ACTION=description-retrieval&COUNTRY=DE&ENGINE=google&FORMAT=docdb&KIND=A1&LOCALE=en_EP&NUMBER=3817730&OPS=ops.epo.org/3.1&SRCLANG=de&TRGLANG=en (http://translationportal.epo.org/emtp/translate/?ACTION=description-retrieval&COUNTRY=DE&ENGINE=google&FORMAT=docdb&KIND=A1&LOCALE=en_EP&NUMBER=3817730&OPS=ops.epo.org/3.1&SRCLANG=de&TRGLANG=en)
Hans-Dieter Goeres
human syntax error ? : lamp description 6000 K are not 6000 candela but 6000 Kelvin !
https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&II=12&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=20120322&CC=DE&NR=102010035706A1&KC=A1 (https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&II=12&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=20120322&CC=DE&NR=102010035706A1&KC=A1)
http://translationportal.epo.org/emtp/translate/?ACTION=description-retrieval&COUNTRY=DE&ENGINE=google&FORMAT=docdb&KIND=A1&LOCALE=en_EP&NUMBER=102010035706&OPS=ops.epo.org/3.1&SRCLANG=de&TRGLANG=en (http://translationportal.epo.org/emtp/translate/?ACTION=description-retrieval&COUNTRY=DE&ENGINE=google&FORMAT=docdb&KIND=A1&LOCALE=en_EP&NUMBER=102010035706&OPS=ops.epo.org/3.1&SRCLANG=de&TRGLANG=en)
https://www.google.pt/search?q=solar+cell+mirror&client=opera&hs=yFI&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwituf7ZjP3OAhWHAcAKHawLDBgQsAQIIQ&biw=1024&bih=637 (https://www.google.pt/search?q=solar+cell+mirror&client=opera&hs=yFI&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwituf7ZjP3OAhWHAcAKHawLDBgQsAQIIQ&biw=1024&bih=637)
Paul Heinrich Marzahn ~ Koehler + Mirror: light intensity amplication
https://worldwide.espacenet.com/searchResults?submitted=true&locale=en_EP&DB=EPODOC&ST=advanced&TI=&AB=&PN=&AP=&PR=&PD=&PA=heinrich+marzahn&IN=&CPC=&IC=&Submit=Search (https://worldwide.espacenet.com/searchResults?submitted=true&locale=en_EP&DB=EPODOC&ST=advanced&TI=&AB=&PN=&AP=&PR=&PD=&PA=heinrich+marzahn&IN=&CPC=&IC=&Submit=Search)
solar cell output enhancer:
http://translationportal.epo.org/emtp/translate/?ACTION=description-retrieval&COUNTRY=DE&ENGINE=google&FORMAT=docdb&KIND=U1&LOCALE=en_EP&NUMBER=29520064&OPS=ops.epo.org/3.1&SRCLANG=de&TRGLANG=en (http://translationportal.epo.org/emtp/translate/?ACTION=description-retrieval&COUNTRY=DE&ENGINE=google&FORMAT=docdb&KIND=U1&LOCALE=en_EP&NUMBER=29520064&OPS=ops.epo.org/3.1&SRCLANG=de&TRGLANG=en)
lamp consume saver:
http://translationportal.epo.org/emtp/translate/?ACTION=description-retrieval&COUNTRY=DE&ENGINE=google&FORMAT=docdb&KIND=U1&LOCALE=en_EP&NUMBER=29703156&OPS=ops.epo.org/3.1&SRCLANG=de&TRGLANG=en (http://translationportal.epo.org/emtp/translate/?ACTION=description-retrieval&COUNTRY=DE&ENGINE=google&FORMAT=docdb&KIND=U1&LOCALE=en_EP&NUMBER=29703156&OPS=ops.epo.org/3.1&SRCLANG=de&TRGLANG=en)
It has been found that the power consumption of a Ökolampe(=CFL) without the inventive device to 24 W is approximately 23, while falls within the inventive device the consumption to 1 W or less.
Baquero Menendez ~ Paul Marzahn configuration x 3
https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&II=0&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=20100615&CC=ES&NR=2341161A1&KC=A1 (https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&II=0&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=20100615&CC=ES&NR=2341161A1&KC=A1)
http://inhabitat.com/u-s-army-patents-new-solar-cells-that-are-1000-times-thinner-than-current-technology/ (http://inhabitat.com/u-s-army-patents-new-solar-cells-that-are-1000-times-thinner-than-current-technology/)
solid panel to thin film foil to liquid paintable layer
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/20140715210742-119287260-the-science-of-solar-power-solar-liquid-power-slp-as-a-coating-or-paint (https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/20140715210742-119287260-the-science-of-solar-power-solar-liquid-power-slp-as-a-coating-or-paint)
http://pv.energytrend.com/knowledge/Cells_Solar_20121113.html (http://pv.energytrend.com/knowledge/Cells_Solar_20121113.html)
total EM-bandgap to IR-nm concentrator and IR-2-electric converter
and refraction methods using
http://www.osmatech.net/page3.html (http://www.osmatech.net/page3.html)
We noticed, when we use our combo 3 on multiple layers of glass, heat increases with each layer. So there is no limit to how many times we can increase heat. Combo 3 increases heat which is a light and color (infrared), but slows down the speed and lumens of the light. (This is not important, because light is very fast and we need the heat not the light.)
Probably in future possible with translucent graphene.( nano-diamonds array)
http://rexresearch.com/zaymidor/zajmidor.htm (http://rexresearch.com/zaymidor/zajmidor.htm)
http://www.photonics.com/Article.aspx?AID=48486 (http://www.photonics.com/Article.aspx?AID=48486)
"When we illuminated the BFO thin films, we got very large voltages, many times the bandgap voltage of the material itself," said Ager. "The incoming photons free electrons and create corresponding holes, and a current begins to flow perpendicular to the domain walls — even though there's no junction, as there would be in a solar cell with negatively and positively doped semiconductors."
http://www.google.com/patents/US5009243 (http://www.google.com/patents/US5009243) the magnet effect
finally to this "thin film resonator" http://www.greenoptimistic.com/green-ferrite-solar-cell-japan-20110920/#.V8_751pX9aY (http://www.greenoptimistic.com/green-ferrite-solar-cell-japan-20110920/#.V8_751pX9aY)
CFL for the CFC : compact fluorescent lamp for the cold fusion chamber :
http://atom-ecology.russgeorge.net/2014/12/04/compact-fluorescent-fusion/ (http://atom-ecology.russgeorge.net/2014/12/04/compact-fluorescent-fusion/)
http://www.edisontechcenter.org/Fluorescent.html
The particles in the Russian patent are made from radioactive material, which convert cosmic rays into the
gamma, which in turn can be converted into the light by well - known fluorecent materials, like zinc sulfate,
which then can be used by the solar cells.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_ray (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_ray)
does it need a betavoltaic conversion ?
no radio-active material as cell material disclosed !
https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf;jsessionid=62C7E4D7DC7396721B13F05A7FD9C1AF.wapp2nB?docId=WO2005019324&recNum=1&maxRec=&office=&prevFilter=&sortOption=&queryString=&tab=PCTDescription
more related to:
Planksche Nullpunkt-"Zeropoint" Energie : particle mass / particle hole mass
eV(dyn/erg) min/ eV(dyn/erg) max
This is what it says:
"said particles being of a metal material which is different than a material of the carrier"
I'm sure that its a radioactive material because its the only material which can capture the so called "cosmic rays"
said particles being of a material different than a material of the carrier and being distributed in the carrier in such a way that the average distance between said particles is less than, or has the same order of magnitude as, the cubic root of the polarisability of said particles when in said carrier.
a.In preferred embodiments of the invention, said particle material is a semiconductor material.
b.In preferred embodiments of the invention, said particle material is a superconductor material.
In a further aspect of the invention there is provided a heterogenic material including a carrier and an active ingredient introduced into it, wherein said active ingredient is provided in the form of particles, said particles being clusters of atoms, nano-particles or micro-particles, said particles being of a metal material which is different than a material of the carrier and introduced into carrier in such a way that there is a maximal peak in the polarisability frequency function at a predetermined frequency corresponding to plasmon resonance, said predetermined frequency corresponding to a wavelength of electromagnetic radiation at which said heterogenic material has a maximal effect, wherein said particles have a size which is approximately equal to or less than said wavelength.
The set of functional capabilities of the suggested heterogenic material according to the invention is defined by the fact that polarisability of its particles of active ingredient in the carrier is modified when it is manufactured in such a way that there is a certain maximal amplification in the polarisability frequency function, that is to say plasmon resonance, that depends on form, type of metal, concentration and dielectric function of a carrier. Plasmon resonance is caused by the coherent interaction of electrons through the local electromagnetic fields in metallic or other (e.g. superconductor material) particles. The frequency of said plasmon resonance of the particles depends on their size and material and can be calculated using well-known formulas.
Meta-material
L.I.S.A developed by BAYER as Makrolon(TM) during the 80`.
http://factor-tech.com/green-energy/7287-transparent-solar-collector-to-turn-skyscrapers-into-power-plants/ (http://factor-tech.com/green-energy/7287-transparent-solar-collector-to-turn-skyscrapers-into-power-plants/)
https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&II=0&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=20100615&CC=ES&NR=2341161A1&KC=A1 (https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&II=0&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=20100615&CC=ES&NR=2341161A1&KC=A1)
instead 8 solar panels 8 L.I.S.A. panels and only the thin side equipped with cells ?
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/49586420_fig1_Figure-1-Luminescent-solar-concentrator (https://www.researchgate.net/figure/49586420_fig1_Figure-1-Luminescent-solar-concentrator)
Not all 4 L.I.S.A. panel thin sides equipped wth thin cells caused 3,2,1 sides are painted with reflective paint ? http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0022231312000907-gr1.jpg (http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0022231312000907-gr1.jpg)
the artificial light source:
http://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/description?CC=US&NR=4349768A&KC=A&FT=D&ND=5&date=19820914&DB=EPODOC&locale=en_EP (http://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/description?CC=US&NR=4349768A&KC=A&FT=D&ND=5&date=19820914&DB=EPODOC&locale=en_EP)
Life testing of circuits in accordance with the invention has shown the operating life of both lamps and starters to be 70,000 starts, equivalent to 190 years of daily use, more than ten times the rated life of the starters and more than twenty times the rated life of the lamps when used with prior art ballasts.
Quote from: lancaIV on September 07, 2016, 10:47:12 AM
said particles being of a material different than a material of the carrier and being distributed in the carrier in such a way that the average distance between said particles is less than, or has the same order of magnitude as, the cubic root of the polarisability of said particles when in said carrier.
a.In preferred embodiments of the invention, said particle material is a semiconductor material.
b.In preferred embodiments of the invention, said particle material is a superconductor material.
In a further aspect of the invention there is provided a heterogenic material including a carrier and an active ingredient introduced into it, wherein said active ingredient is provided in the form of particles, said particles being clusters of atoms, nano-particles or micro-particles, said particles being of a metal material which is different than a material of the carrier and introduced into carrier in such a way that there is a maximal peak in the polarisability frequency function at a predetermined frequency corresponding to plasmon resonance, said predetermined frequency corresponding to a wavelength of electromagnetic radiation at which said heterogenic material has a maximal effect, wherein said particles have a size which is approximately equal to or less than said wavelength.
The set of functional capabilities of the suggested heterogenic material according to the invention is defined by the fact that polarisability of its particles of active ingredient in the carrier is modified when it is manufactured in such a way that there is a certain maximal amplification in the polarisability frequency function, that is to say plasmon resonance, that depends on form, type of metal, concentration and dielectric function of a carrier. Plasmon resonance is caused by the coherent interaction of electrons through the local electromagnetic fields in metallic or other (e.g. superconductor material) particles. The frequency of said plasmon resonance of the particles depends on their size and material and can be calculated using well-known formulas.
Meta-material
What is meta-material?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamaterial
Also, metamaterials have successfully interacted in electromagnetic bands across the spectrum from radio frequencies, to microwave, terahertz, across the infrared spectrum and almost to visible wavelengths.[1]
Not the range of frequencies for the cosmic rays
http://www.omicsgroup.org/journals/handling-electromagnetic-radiation-beyond-terahertz-using-chromophores-to-transition-from-visible-light-to-petahertz-technology-2332-0796.1000125.php?aid=25406
Quote from: lancaIV on September 07, 2016, 11:51:16 AM
http://www.omicsgroup.org/journals/handling-electromagnetic-radiation-beyond-terahertz-using-chromophores-to-transition-from-visible-light-to-petahertz-technology-2332-0796.1000125.php?aid=25406
This may work for gamma, but cosmic rays are of much higher frequency
You will become an "Oh-My-God"-member, telecom ! ;)
Their range ist the conventional electro-magnetic spectrum (commercial use) but has also the possibility for orbital/interstellar use !(satellite,Luna-Expedition,Mars, et cet...)
On Earth this -over THz-spectrum is not really usefull for conventional household and industrial energy conversion !
http://helios.gsfc.nasa.gov/qa_cr.html#range (http://helios.gsfc.nasa.gov/qa_cr.html#range)
For starters, there are several forms of "cosmic energy". We often refer to cosmic radiation, or cosmic rays for short. There is also the Sun's light at various wavelengths (optical, infrared, UV, gamma rays, etc.) as well as star light, and there are energetic, electrically charged particles from many sources including the sun, other stars and stellar explosions, the solar wind that fills the space between the planets, and the interaction of the wind with the interstellar material.[/size]
Let's run some numbers: To start, if we add all the energetic charged particles originating at the Sun and stellar explosions, we find that the energy striking the Earth is about 5 joules/sec/km2 (where 1 joule/sec = 1 watt). That means that were you to collect all the energy of cosmic rays over 12 square kilometers, you would have enough energy to power a 60 watt light bulb. When a strong solar eruption occurs this number can increase by about 20% for perhaps as long as 10 hours, but this burst of activity is short lived.[/size]
What about light? The solar constant is 135.3 mwatts/cm2 which corresponds to a radiant energy input of 1.4 gigawatts/km2 (that's 1,400,000,000 watts per square kilometer) at noon near the equator. Now this is enough energy to power a small city if we could convert it to something usable like electricity in an efficient manner![/size]
You need to understand clearly what cosmic rays are before referring.
Cosmic rays is the matter itself, the way we see it here.
There is only one material which can convert the matter into radiation - the radioactive material.
No,we can contaminate and decontaminate matter ( ~solar cell: dotieren) ,telecom !
This is the same with the radio-active spectrum.
But you can't convert it into energy - this is what radioactive materials do.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactive_decay (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactive_decay)
this has not to be through cosmic rays
elementary decay
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_decay (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_decay)
Types of decay[edit (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Radioactive_decay&action=edit§ion=7)]
Alpha particles (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_particle) may be completely stopped by a sheet of paper, beta particles (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_particle) by aluminium shielding. Gamma rays (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_ray)can only be reduced by much more substantial mass, such as a very thick layer of lead (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead).Early researchers found that an electric (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_field) or magnetic field (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_field) could split radioactive emissions into three types of beams. The rays were given the names alpha (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_particle), beta (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_particle), and gamma (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_ray), in order of their ability to penetrate matter. While alpha decay was observed only in heavier elements of atomic number 52 (tellurium (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tellurium)) and greater, the other two types of decay were produced by all of the elements. Lead, atomic number (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_number) 82, is the heaviest element to have any isotopes stable (to the limit of measurement) to radioactive decay. Radioactive decay is seen in all isotopes of all elements of atomic number 83 (bismuth (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bismuth)) or greater. Bismuth, however, is only very slightly radioactive, with a half-life greater than the age of the universe; radioisotopes with extremely long half-lives are considered effectively stable for practical purposes.
Transition diagram for decay modes of a radionuclide (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radionuclide), with neutron number N and atomic number (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_number) Z (shown are α (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_particle), β± (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron), p+ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton), andn0 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron) emissions, EC denotes electron capture (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_capture)).
Types of radioactive decay related to N and Z numbersIn analysing the nature of the decay products, it was obvious from the direction of theelectromagnetic forces (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_force) applied to the radiations by external magnetic and electric fields that alpha particles (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_particle) carried a positive charge, beta particles (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_decay) carried a negative charge, and gamma rays (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_ray) were neutral. From the magnitude of deflection, it was clear that alpha particles (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_particles) were much more massive than beta particles (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_particles). Passing alpha particles through a very thin glass window and trapping them in a discharge tube (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon_lamp) allowed researchers to study the emission spectrum (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emission_spectrum) of the captured particles, and ultimately proved that alpha particles are helium (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium) nuclei. Other experiments showed beta radiation, resulting from decay and cathode rays (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathode_ray), were high-speed electrons (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons). Likewise, gamma radiation and X-rays were found to be high-energyelectromagnetic radiation (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation).
telecom: the ability to penetrate matter ! To penetrate material ! It is not,it becomes radio-activ !
matter is made out of cosmic rays, only radioactive materials can transform them into energy - this is what "decay"is
Do you want to tell us how our planet earth evoluate during the last billions of years ?
( okay,Bible-readers: the last "seven thousand" years)
That we are on Earth,but this is only a planet with interstellar position ?
http://www2.lbl.gov/abc/wallchart/chapters/15/2.html
radioactivity and or decay is a normal natural behaviour ! A change !
yes to some degree - but you can extract usable energy only from the radioactive materials,
this is why I'm convinced that the"metal particles " are made out of radioactive metals.
In fact, this conversion was discovered by Le Bon 150 years ago.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustave_Le_Bon (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustave_Le_Bon)
Controversy
Le Bon's physical theories generated some mild controversy in the physics community. In 1896 he reported observing a new kind of radiation, which he termed "black light".[7] (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustave_Le_Bon#cite_note-7) Not the same as what people nowadays call black light (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_light), its existence was never confirmed and it is now generally understood to be non-existent.[8] (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustave_Le_Bon#cite_note-8) His theory of the nature of matter and energy was expanded upon in his book The Evolution of Matter. The book was popular in France, going through 12 editions. The major premise of the book is matter is an inherently unstable substance and slowly transforms into luminiferous ether (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminiferous_ether). One major supporter was Henri Poincaré (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Poincar%C3%A9),[9] (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustave_Le_Bon#cite_note-9) however by 1900 physicists had rejected his formulation.
https://archive.org/stream/evolutionmatter00legggoog#page/n7/mode/2up (https://archive.org/stream/evolutionmatter00legggoog#page/n7/mode/2up)
https://archive.org/stream/evolutionofforce00leboiala#page/n5/mode/2up (https://archive.org/stream/evolutionofforce00leboiala#page/n5/mode/2up)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Reich
You need to read the book, you will find exactly what described in the patent
http://uvminerals.org/fms/luminescence (http://uvminerals.org/fms/luminescence)
Only reading "the" book or books ? ::) Fine,cause I thought that I would have to study the content ! ;)
But I will need some time to evaluate this matter ! 478 pages,strong stuff !
http://rexresearch.com/lebonmat/lebonmat.htm (http://rexresearch.com/lebonmat/lebonmat.htm)
phosphorescence
http://acoustics-research.physics.ucla.edu/sonoluminescence/
Fluorescence and Photoluminescence are luminescence where the energy is supplied by electromagnetic radiation (rays such as light, which will be discussed later). Photoluminescence is generally taken to mean "luminesce from any electromagnetic radiation", while fluorescence is often used only for luminescence caused by ultraviolet, although it may also be used for other photoluminescences. Fluorescence is seen in fluorescent lights, amusement park and movie special effects, the redness of rubies in sunlight, "day-glo" or "neon" colors, and in emission nebulae seen with telescopes in the night sky. Bleaches enhance their whitening power with a white fluorescent material.
http://rexresearch.com/kohnen/kohnen.htm (http://rexresearch.com/kohnen/kohnen.htm) not to forget
The Litroenergy technology is based on a combination of an advanced phosphorus and tritium, hence the 12-year half-life. Tritium is the most harmless of the various radioactive elements, and is ubiquitous in nature, in the air we breathe and the water we drink. Tritium is quite benign. Only in recent years has it no longer been considered perfectly safe. The MPK packaging of tritium into microspheres that have a 5,000-pound crush resistance, makes this technology safe. In the case of release into the air, it essentially is released as hydrogen. The minute, "soft" radioactive emissions from the tritium do not penetrate through the walls of the microsphere encapsulation. MPK is having the Litroenergy Power Cells tested for classification as non-toxic and non-radioactive.[/size]
Taking the gradual diminishment over time, the power output will need to be engineered in such a way that it is overbuilt for the devices it is powering so that it matches the desired lifespan of the device. In many applications, an accompanying battery may be designed into the system to serve as a reservoir of the continuous trickle charge output of the Litroenergy Power Cell, while the device may only be used transiently. How the excess energy is dispersed during the first portion of the device lifetime can be engineered appropriately.[/size]
Thermodynamic question:
Anergy
and
http://documents.tips/documents/zoran-rant-termodinamika.html (http://documents.tips/documents/zoran-rant-termodinamika.html) Exergy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table)
the above table before and after https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_torch (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_torch) treatment ?
"M. Gustave LeBon was the first, as we should not forget, to throw some light into this dark chaos, by sowing that radioactivity is not peculiar to a few rare substances, such as uranium, etc., but is a general property of matter, possessed in varying degrees by all bodies.
http://fuel-efficient-vehicles.org/energy-news/?page_id=481 (http://fuel-efficient-vehicles.org/energy-news/?page_id=481) Radiant Energy
About anergy/exergy and power density :
http://contest.techbriefs.com/2014/entries/automotive-transportation/4729 (http://contest.techbriefs.com/2014/entries/automotive-transportation/4729)
http://cer-corp.com/content/zephiq-project (http://cer-corp.com/content/zephiq-project)
http://theoryofsuperunification-leonov.blogspot.pt/2011/04/theory-of-superunification-contents.html (http://theoryofsuperunification-leonov.blogspot.pt/2011/04/theory-of-superunification-contents.html)
http://patentsobserver.com/public/applicant/show.action?toShow=LEONOV+VLADIMIR+SEMENOVICH (http://patentsobserver.com/public/applicant/show.action?toShow=LEONOV+VLADIMIR+SEMENOVICH) "Usherenko efffect"
this electricity-2-light-2-amplified electricity method
http://translationportal.epo.org/emtp/translate/?ACTION=description-retrieval&COUNTRY=DE&ENGINE=google&FORMAT=docdb&KIND=A1&LOCALE=en_EP&NUMBER=3817730&OPS=ops.epo.org/3.1&SRCLANG=de&TRGLANG=en
up to 190 years light source
https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?CC=US&NR=4349768A&KC=A&FT=D&ND=5&date=19820914&DB=EPODOC&locale=en_EP (https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?CC=US&NR=4349768A&KC=A&FT=D&ND=5&date=19820914&DB=EPODOC&locale=en_EP)
up to 190 years power delivery,3 charges per day
http://www.electrochem.org/redcat-blog/nanowire-battery-charges-200000-times/ (http://www.electrochem.org/redcat-blog/nanowire-battery-charges-200000-times/)
is for me as power source with coupled step up e-2-light-2-e transformer stages sufficient
http://www.electrochem.org/redcat-blog/nanowire-battery-charges-200000-times/ (http://www.electrochem.org/redcat-blog/nanowire-battery-charges-200000-times/)
200.000 charge cycles is a great numeric value
https://energyphysics.wikispaces.com/file/view/maxwell.jpg/224969182/658x307/maxwell.jpg (https://energyphysics.wikispaces.com/file/view/maxwell.jpg/224969182/658x307/maxwell.jpg)
discharge time !
http://berc.berkeley.edu/storage-wars-batteries-vs-supercapacitors/ (http://berc.berkeley.edu/storage-wars-batteries-vs-supercapacitors/)
up to 10.000000 charge cycles is a greater number
instead battery-set cycle : capacitor-/condensator-set cycle , best solution: Hybrid
http://www.sunvaultenergy.com/sunvault-energy-and-edison-power-company-create-massive-10000-farad-graphene-supercapacitor/ (http://www.sunvaultenergy.com/sunvault-energy-and-edison-power-company-create-massive-10000-farad-graphene-supercapacitor/)
"Currently the cost to manufacture a lithium battery is about $500 (USD) per/ kWh. Tesla recently announced a Super Factory to be built in Nevada, with a promise to get the price of lithium batteries down to $150 USD per kWh by 2020, our current cost estimated for this type of graphene base supercapacitor is about $100 per kWh today and we feel confident we should be able to cut this pricing in half by the end of 2015"
view September 2016 :actual development stage ? Estimated market price ?
( $100 X cutting in half ) x 600% ,up to 800% R&D margin : 300-400 US$/KWh equivalent ?
http://www.biosolar.com/super_battery.php (http://www.biosolar.com/super_battery.php)
http://www.biosolar.com/images/chart-1-may-13.png (http://www.biosolar.com/images/chart-1-may-13.png)
http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/whats_the_role_of_the_supercapacitor (http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/whats_the_role_of_the_supercapacitor)
The supercapacitor has evolved and crosses into battery technology by using special electrodes and electrolyte. While the basic Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitor (EDLC) depends on electrostatic action, the Asymmetric Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitor (AEDLC) uses battery-like electrodes to gain higher energy density, but this has a shorter cycle life and other burdens that are shared with the battery. Graphene electrodes (http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/bu_309_graphite) promise improvements to supercapacitors and batteries but such developments are 15 years away.
good promises,for the future: actually there is the search for the cheap 20WH/Kg capacity "first generator stage" solution ! 20Wh x X-re-/charge cycles per day ,"infinite capattery set"
next question: the industrial offered conventional battery cycles estimation in numbers
http://www.bticcs.com/pub/CCSE.pdf (http://www.bticcs.com/pub/CCSE.pdf)
For NC batteries, per example, manufacturers are quoting 500 to 1,000 charge cycles. In real life most of these batteries have just a life of 100 cycles and often fail in much shorter time. As CCS is proving, much of it is the inadequate charging process, that cuts a battery life short. With CCS a battery life of 5000 charge cycles can be reached.
5000 re-/charge cycles give us up to 15 years(1 charge cycle per day: battery capacity/daily consume)time to wait for the above 200000 charges battery market introducion and first battery price drops
http://www.google.tl/patents/US5543666 (http://www.google.tl/patents/US5543666) Wattpeak limiter and controler household
lightcell generator Wattpeak and Watthour limiter and controle:
130 W solar cell output and 20 W CFL input :external feeding to feedback cycle process time ?
20Wh: 60 min 2Wh:6 min 1Wh:3 min
= battery/capacitor capacitance
CFL: DC-lamp or AC-lamp ? inrush current limiter,AC:inverter
feedback cycle: lamp dimmer : solar cell output limiter
https://richsoil.com/CFL-fluorescent-light-bulbs.jsp
but also LED-bulbs claimed 100.000 working hours are actual by experienced reality often only 1000 hours,an expert ( Ex-Philips engineer) told me that the problem is not the LED-material but the resistor
https://translate.google.de/translate?sl=de&tl=en&js=y&prev=_t&hl=de&ie=UTF-8&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.udo-leuschner.de%2Fenergie%2Fe00inhalt.htm&edit-text= (https://translate.google.de/translate?sl=de&tl=en&js=y&prev=_t&hl=de&ie=UTF-8&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.udo-leuschner.de%2Fenergie%2Fe00inhalt.htm&edit-text=)
Anergy=useless energy for the wished use = conversion need
Exergy =usefull energy for the wished use = ready to use
https://translate.google.de/translate?sl=de&tl=en&js=y&prev=_t&hl=de&ie=UTF-8&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oeko-energie.de%2Fenergieberatung%2F&edit-text= (https://translate.google.de/translate?sl=de&tl=en&js=y&prev=_t&hl=de&ie=UTF-8&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oeko-energie.de%2Fenergieberatung%2F&edit-text=)
Go to the tab :
A further example for better understanding.
One can use current or so wasting so:
Standart : 18650 Wh/day Intelligent,ecconomical budget : 3020 Wh/day
2016 tech possibility : 1500 Wh/day + room heating/cooling energy
and from the tab excluded fridge/freezer energy consume
1500 Wh per day and household,not per capita/f.ea. consumer !
budget problem : 1,5 KWh/day power means 5 KWh battery capacity
125 W permanent electricity generator : 5 KWh aequivalent battery/capacitor energy storage
consumer energy delivered full by battery
250 W 1,5 KWh
consumer energy delivered directly from generator and battery
375 W 0,5 KWh
consumer energy delivered mainly from generator and partial from battery source
1 KWh 1000-1500 charge cycles battery market price: 500 US$
conventional 15% efficiency solar cells gives as Wattpeak 200 W output,yearly 900 full hour and with an average 30 years life time : 5400 KWh/qm
5400 KWh/200W~ 3 years permanent use (important for the R.O.I. calculation)
a. reducing the power losts for the wished machine/appliance function;
humans have in average 80 Watt per hour energy delivery capacitance,
has the machine/appliance to be -function and power related- stronger/bigger ?
"fractional horsepower: 1/9 hp ~ 80W "
b. machine/appliance function worth estimation and priority :ranking
bodyforce or electric ?
c. energy source Wattp and consumer Wattpeak balancing
timer use and controler http://www.google.tl/patents/US5543666 (http://www.google.tl/patents/US5543666)
Battery as energy storage:
iron http://www.essinc.com (http://www.essinc.com)
saltwater http://aquionenergy.com (http://aquionenergy.com)
sodium/natrium https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bKpM325YipQ
aluminium http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v520/n7547/full/nature14340.html (http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v520/n7547/full/nature14340.html)
http://news.stanford.edu/2015/04/06/aluminum-ion-battery-033115/ (http://news.stanford.edu/2015/04/06/aluminum-ion-battery-033115/)
1500 Wh per day and 390 Wp appliances use limiting means 5000 Wh battery capacitance in Ah.
"artificial solar cell system" 2 stages : reduce the capacitance/charge need to 200 Wh per day
3 stages: reduce the capacitance/charge need to 20 Wh per day
partial 3rd stage output back to recharge the battery
2nd search :
the permanent or part-time working fridge/freezer and the heating/cooling and the fresh water delivery
fresh water: no-/electrical ? with/out grey-2-white-water-recycling ?
freezer/fridge: Kenmore 30W permanent or mtbest.org 100Wh per day ?
cooling : (low)heat2electricity-converter ? or simple solar cooling
heating: resonance heating( as FIR/NIR heat wave source)
Quote from: lancaIV on September 09, 2016, 06:07:37 PM
Battery as energy storage:
iron http://www.essinc.com (http://www.essinc.com)
saltwater http://aquionenergy.com (http://aquionenergy.com)
sodium/natrium https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bKpM325YipQ (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bKpM325YipQ)
aluminium http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v520/n7547/full/nature14340.html (http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v520/n7547/full/nature14340.html)
http://news.stanford.edu/2015/04/06/aluminum-ion-battery-033115/ (http://news.stanford.edu/2015/04/06/aluminum-ion-battery-033115/)
carbon/graphit/nano-carbon ?
hydro-carbon ?
phyto-carbon ?
From the thread : very efficient wind generator design
"artificial-solar" cell light system can work 24/365 or periodically , an advantage
wind generator ? concentrated wind power periodically work up to 24/365 work
a.conventional wind turbine natural wind current dependant
+ combined coils generator
b.waters-turbine naturall wind current dependant
+ combined coils generator
c. https://www.google.com/patents/US8283799 (https://www.google.com/patents/US8283799) natural warm air and wind current dependant
+ combined coil generator
https://www.patentauction.com/patent.php?nb=9374 (https://www.patentauction.com/patent.php?nb=9374)
his local -Arizona,hot air climate/thermosyphon stream/current- measurement data:
up to 80 US$ per month /3 ~ 27 US$ per 400W turbine system and month ,
how much get/reduce their bill in Arizona the consumer/private household producer for feeding the grid ,ea. KWh ? KWh daily peak and average,monthly peak and average
https://www.dasolar.com/home-wind-power/arizona (https://www.dasolar.com/home-wind-power/arizona) Answer ?
d. ambiental dense air mover,concentrator and accelerator natural climate and humidity dependant
= motor and fan in a tube/channel
+ combined coils generator
Quote from: lancaIV on September 07, 2016, 11:01:38 AM
L.I.S.A developed by BAYER as Makrolon(TM) during the 80`.
http://factor-tech.com/green-energy/7287-transparent-solar-collector-to-turn-skyscrapers-into-power-plants/ (http://factor-tech.com/green-energy/7287-transparent-solar-collector-to-turn-skyscrapers-into-power-plants/)
https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&II=0&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=20100615&CC=ES&NR=2341161A1&KC=A1 (https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&II=0&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=20100615&CC=ES&NR=2341161A1&KC=A1)
instead 8 solar panels 8 L.I.S.A. panels and only the thin side equipped with cells ?
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/49586420_fig1_Figure-1-Luminescent-solar-concentrator (https://www.researchgate.net/figure/49586420_fig1_Figure-1-Luminescent-solar-concentrator)
Not all 4 L.I.S.A. panel thin sides equipped wth thin cells caused 3,2,1 sides are painted with reflective paint ? http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0022231312000907-gr1.jpg (http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0022231312000907-gr1.jpg)
the artificial light source:
http://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/description?CC=US&NR=4349768A&KC=A&FT=D&ND=5&date=19820914&DB=EPODOC&locale=en_EP (http://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/description?CC=US&NR=4349768A&KC=A&FT=D&ND=5&date=19820914&DB=EPODOC&locale=en_EP)
Life testing of circuits in accordance with the invention has shown the operating life of both lamps and starters to be 70,000 starts, equivalent to 190 years of daily use, more than ten times the rated life of the starters and more than twenty times the rated life of the lamps when used with prior art ballasts.
LISA
old idea,publicated in the 80` but not forgotten
https://books.google.pt/books?id=96DnlrVhzDsC&pg=PA100&lpg=PA100&dq=popular+science+light+funnel&source=bl&ots=CNbQ5mEYQk&sig=5N13gPyT25HCIph-A5njq3sYO3I&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjBjbSz-IfPAhXEKsAKHQh4An8Q6AEIKzAE#v=onepage&q=popular%20science%20light%20funnel&f=false (https://books.google.pt/books?id=96DnlrVhzDsC&pg=PA100&lpg=PA100&dq=popular+science+light+funnel&source=bl&ots=CNbQ5mEYQk&sig=5N13gPyT25HCIph-A5njq3sYO3I&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjBjbSz-IfPAhXEKsAKHQh4An8Q6AEIKzAE#v=onepage&q=popular%20science%20light%20funnel&f=false)
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2733936/Could-turn-windows-solar-panels-Transparent-material-harvest-energy-make-buildings-efficient.html (http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2733936/Could-turn-windows-solar-panels-Transparent-material-harvest-energy-make-buildings-efficient.html)
The glowing infrared light is guided to the edge of the plastic where it is converted to electricity by thin strips of photovoltaic solar cells.
Quote from: lancaIV on September 09, 2016, 06:07:37 PM
Battery as energy storage:
iron http://www.essinc.com (http://www.essinc.com) not actually available
but http://ironedison.com/images/products/Iron%20Edison/Import%20Customer%20Price%20List%20-%20Iron%20Edison%202014.pdf (http://ironedison.com/images/products/Iron%20Edison/Import%20Customer%20Price%20List%20-%20Iron%20Edison%202014.pdf)
saltwater http://aquionenergy.com (http://aquionenergy.com)
https://www.altestore.com/store/deep-cycle-batteries/saltwater-batteries-c1260/ (https://www.altestore.com/store/deep-cycle-batteries/saltwater-batteries-c1260/)
sodium/natrium https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bKpM325YipQ (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bKpM325YipQ)
aluminium http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v520/n7547/full/nature14340.html (http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v520/n7547/full/nature14340.html)
http://news.stanford.edu/2015/04/06/aluminum-ion-battery-033115/ (http://news.stanford.edu/2015/04/06/aluminum-ion-battery-033115/)
safety standards (pace maker ?)and EM emission efficiency ? :
https://web.archive.org/web/20070721102613/http://www.1000inventions.com/country.htm (https://web.archive.org/web/20070721102613/http://www.1000inventions.com/country.htm)
196 ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION FOR DOMESTIC APPLIANCES (https://web.archive.org/web/20070809024032/http://www.1000inventions.com/detail2.php?id=196) H Henrique LAVIGNE Brazil
The problem to be solved:
Electrical home appliances are heavy (each one with an electric motor), they are linked to the electric net with uncomfortable wire, and they are not waterproof.
*
Description:
House electrical appliances such as blenders, mixers, etc., that can work without wires, attachment or buttons. They use the same motor which is not visible. They work with electromagnetic induction by proximity. They are waterproof and very light.
*Presentation:
An electric motor, hidden under a table cover, moves an electromagnetic attachment that can alternately put into action, by induction and proximity, home electrical appliances or tools without wires, such as blenders, mixers, etc.
only 1 electric motor for all rotating kitchen appliances ?
then I prefer this one http://www.freepatentsonline.com/5463914.html (http://www.freepatentsonline.com/5463914.html)
Application:
Home electrical appliances, electronical instruments and electrical tools.
*
Advantages:
Besides improving the aesthetics of the apparatuses, by eliminating wires, it turns them waterproof, easing their cleaning because the electric part is all closed, without holes for buttons, keys or plugs. They are lighter (no motor) and cheaper.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
It is easier and cheaper only to optimize one device than the total household !
Eliminating energy wasting sources,making probably waste/garbage to energy(biocomposter,
Waste-Plasma-Incinerator)
0,8 KWh per day http://mtbest.net (http://mtbest.net) as future standard !
Why not ,where the sun shines so often and long !
Natural - or artificial !
0,08 KWh per day as Generation Next-standart !
Improvement in solar cell efficiency:
http://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/hybrid-materials-could-smash-the-solar-efficiency-ceiling
http://www.wired.co.uk/article/230-percent-efficient-leds
http://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/hybrid-materials-could-smash-the-solar-efficiency-ceiling
https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&II=0&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=20100520&CC=DE&NR=102008057187A1&KC=A1# (https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&II=0&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=20100520&CC=DE&NR=102008057187A1&KC=A1#)
similar
https://www.pads.com/resources/customer-stories/cool-earth-solar (https://www.pads.com/resources/customer-stories/cool-earth-solar)
1 sqm photo-(thermo-) voltaic cell as round tube by U = 2 x pi x r = 1 Meter high and 32 centimeter diameter
On 1 sqm cave/ floor ground can stay by A= pi x rv2 ~ 10000 sqcm/815 sqcm ~ 12 tubes
If the conventional solar cell full energy gain in hours is calculated with 900 h from 8766 h per year time,
artificial 24/365 photo-(thermo-) voltaic devices gives for the same area
( 8766/900 ) x 12 ~ > 115 times more energy gain per sqm per annum
by higher conversion efficiency technology this number increases by ?/ 15% actual conventional market efficiency
30%/15% = factor 2 x 115
45%/15% = factor 3 x 115
15% standart : before 115 sqm area to 1 sqm area for the same annual output = KWh electricity generation
Next geometrical optimation : from 1 meter tube high to 1,5/2/2,5 meter high
With such efficiency market entry
https://www.greenoptimistic.com/green-ferrite-solar-cell-japan-20110920/ (https://www.greenoptimistic.com/green-ferrite-solar-cell-japan-20110920/)
the before/after area ratio : > 1000/1 by 2 meter high tubes
Probably I will get today 23 GB info about 60% conversion efficiency graphit cells in pre-industrial development and this would theoretically mean :60%/15% x 115 x 2 meter = 920 x energy gain per sqm area/year improvement
60% = between
https://scitechdaily.com/new-solar-energy-device-is-100-times-more-efficient-than-previous-design/ (https://scitechdaily.com/new-solar-energy-device-is-100-times-more-efficient-than-previous-design/actually)
actually "2%" and predicted 10 fold = 20% conversion efficiency
and Up to 92%
https://www.graphene-info.com/nanotech-engineerings-92-efficiency-graphene-cnts-solar-panel-claim (https://www.graphene-info.com/nanotech-engineerings-92-efficiency-graphene-cnts-solar-panel-claim)
and UP TO 97%
https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&II=14&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=19910228&CC=DD&NR=287597A5&KC=A5# (https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&II=14&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=19910228&CC=DD&NR=287597A5&KC=A5#)
Important are clearly also converter longetivity and technology failure knowledge :
https://www.aau.edu/research-scholarship/featured-research-topics/making-solar-panels-last-longer (https://www.aau.edu/research-scholarship/featured-research-topics/making-solar-panels-last-longer)
We are not in hurry to reach the 1000/1 ;)
A nice and peacefull sunday ( cristian hemisphere) wishing
p.s. :
for some in hurry , 60%/15% x 115 x 2,25 meter tube ( 2,3-2,5 mtr. conventional construction room high) = ::)
http://heatstick.com/_GlowWarm.htm (http://heatstick.com/_GlowWarm.htm). photons/phonons/excitons conversion efficiency in in/out put Joule. ?
ELECTRIC CANDELA TUBE
https://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/hybrid-materials-could-smash-the-solar-efficiency-ceiling (https://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/hybrid-materials-could-smash-the-solar-efficiency-ceilingthe)
the physical/ chemical border line between " an- and organic : hard/soft/hybrid" !
I did not get the 23 GB ( my key-stick for data download has only 6 GB; some vids in the data ) but got today more info about the graphit cell prototype teste result : the numbers let assume 25 years warrantyable functionality.
"Nos vamos mudar o Mundo !" ( We will change the World) I heared 2008 and 2013 from some " partners" and " capacitive coil technology" related :I think this cell will change something in our social and commercial World ( but not " the World")
Photo-voltaic to thermo- photo/phono-electric conversion to thermionic cells
natural photon/phonons
concentrated photons/phonons
artificial photons/phonons
Oscar Fellows,Joseph Yater,Helmut Reichelt,Alvin Marks et cet.
Koehler, Goeres,Marzahn,Baquero Menendez et cetera
mtbest.net 0,8 KWh per day minimum standartoeko-energie.de 3 KWh per day " intelligent household" standart
NATURAL FREE SEASONAL HIGH/LOW ENERGY CONVERSION AND CONSUME/STORAGE
geophysical locality defined example : the global radiation in Germany 900 to 1200 KWh per sqm and year
https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=de&sl=de&tl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.solaranlage-ratgeber.de%2Fphotovoltaik%2Fphotovoltaik-leistung%2Fphotovoltaik-ertrag-in-sommer-und-winter (https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=de&sl=de&tl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.solaranlage-ratgeber.de%2Fphotovoltaik%2Fphotovoltaik-leistung%2Fphotovoltaik-ertrag-in-sommer-und-winter)
Data record for a 5 KWp plant showing 25 KWh up to 125 KWh electric energy yield per month
: total from solar yiield ~ radiation 5 KWp/200 Wp per sqm ( 15 % eff.) = 25 sqm solarcell area
900 KWh to 1200 KWh local radiation per sqm x 25 sqm. = 22500 to 30000 KWh per. 5 kWp
The sum from January 27 KWh + February 51 KWh to final December 19 KWh : total 835 KWh
835/22500. or 835/30000. = installation efficiency
5 KWh installation costs by 3€/Wp ~ 15000. Euros
15000 Euros for 835 KWh energy to electricity conversion per annum. ?
25 years lifetime and 2,5% capital tax calculation ( + maintenance costs,assurance ...). :
975 Euros/835 KWh = 1,17 €/KWh
5 KWh and. 2 €/ Wp : 650 Euros/835 KWh = 0,78 €/KWh
5 KWh and. 1 €/Wp. : 325 Euros/835 KWh = 0,39 €/KWh
5 KWh. and. 0,5 €/Wp : 162,5 Euros/835 KWh = 0,195 €/ KWh
5 KWh. and 0,25 €/Wp : 81,25 Euros/835 KWh = 0,098 €/KWh
I use strictly the "Data record" numbers and calculate with them !
Normally we expect by 22500 to 30000 KWh solar radiation for 25 sqm and by 15% cells/modules conversion efficiency gains between 22500 x 0,15 = 3375 KWh/year. and 30000 x 0,15= 4500 KWh/ year. !
The difference/discrepance between 3375 and 4500 KWh to real 835 KWh measured is not my problem. !
17/ 30,5 days = 0,55 to KWh per day in November
125/30,5 days = 4,1 KWh per day in June
Max/Min month ratio 7,45/1
Max/Min summer/winter ratio 3/1
Now to the change :Concentrated high efficient thermionic cell and artificial thermionic cell chamber
Concurrence/competitor :
5 KWh and 0,25 €/Wp and the final 0,1 €/KWh. or 10 €cents per KiloWatt-hour electricty
TARGET. : 1 €cent/KWh or 0,01 €/ KWh electricity perpetuum generation costs. !
"perpetuum" : many turbines in our World works quasi perpetuum
(- maintenance/service time = up to 97%+):
water/wind force/ thermic solar with ponds converter or the I.S.S.- solar panels
chamber/Raum : Zielinski chamber,Sines chamber,Marzahn chamber,Goldbaum chamber ........
A non/ free definded 3- dimensional volume with internal process by ambiental open space relationship
Max. /Min. ratio summer/winter to 1/1
Max. /Min. lowest month/highest month ratio 1/1
I spoke today with the assistant-professor about the "graphene cell" about which he wants to deliver me the information :
bespoken data:encapsuled 6x tandem( serie)graphene layer and 80% accumulated conversion efficiency with 500 Wp electric output per 10sqcm = 500 KW/sqm.
comparing unconcentrated conventional silicon cells with 20% : 270 Watt/ sqm
More than 1500 times improvement or : 1500 sqm silicon cells ~ 1 sqm graphene cell
The cell is in production and actually in India some installation in development ,40% company quote by an indian investor.
Cheap solar concentrator :
https://worldwide.espacenet.com/searchResults?submitted=true&locale=en_EP&DB=EPODOC&ST=advanced&TI=&AB=Concentrator&PN=&AP=&PR=&PD=&PA=&IN=Winston&CPC=&IC= (https://worldwide.espacenet.com/searchResults?submitted=true&locale=en_EP&DB=EPODOC&ST=advanced&TI=&AB=Concentrator&PN=&AP=&PR=&PD=&PA=&IN=Winston&CPC=&IC=)
Other concentrator concepts : http://www.redrok.com/main.htm
So not 2050 but 2020-2025 we can expect 2-4 Eurocent/KWh solar energy conversion finance level , concentrated deeper price ! Without subsidiaries. !
Also interestant his information about a french company which synthetic grows "jewelry quality diamants" for 1/10 of the price of mining products !
LancaIV Quote,,, bespoken data:encapsuled 6x tandem( serie)graphene layer and 80% accumulated conversion efficiency with 500 Wp electric output per 10sqcm = 500 KW/sqm.end quote ///
Sooo LancaIV Have I told you recently how nice you look and how that new Bow Tie goes very well with your nice Suit ?
very exciting news !!
looking forward to additional info [the more the better....! with much gratitude
Chet
Quote from: lancaIV on October 22, 2019, 02:36:30 PM
I spoke today with the assistant-professor about the "graphene cell" about which he wants to deliver me the information :
bespoken data:encapsuled 6x tandem( serie)graphene layer and 80% accumulated conversion efficiency with 500 Wp electric output per 10sqcm = 500 KW/sqm.
comparing unconcentrated conventional silicon cells with 20% : 270 Watt/ sqm
More than 1500 times improvement or : 1500 sqm silicon cells ~ 1 sqm graphene cell
The cell is in production and actually in India some installation in development ,40% company quote by an indian investor.
Hi lancaIV,
Is this assistant-professor you talked to actually working on the development of these 6 layer graphene cells?
Is he located in India?
80% efficiency sounds too good to be true, plus already in use!...how can you be sure this is real?
Thanks for sharing
Luc
These are 6 x 2 layer= 12 layer cells, produced by graphene ink printing process and actually in 5x3 mtrs foils production then cutted !
The honorary Prof.(Ex-Phillips Liverpool/Eindhoven Paris R&D engineer) is not directly involved, the universities here work together. Head :Uni Aveiro
80% by accumulated 12 layers
compared
Alvin Marks tandem cell : 75% each cell = 56,25% combinated
Joseph Yater cell : nearly Carnot-efficiency unity
Helmut Reichelt graphit cell : up to 98% conversion efficiency
Optical rectenna : up to 85% conversion efficiency
The question now will be : device lifetime/durability,Marks 2-layer cell estimated by himself : 1/2 year
And clearly : to which price the producer want to go to market ? And when to the endconsumer market. ?
If I would have such a technology in hands I would not enter the endconsumer market but at first building " solar parcs" !
B.O.S.: building and operating and selling : the electricity !
https://greatercea.org/lightbulb-efficiency-comparison-chart/ (https://greatercea.org/lightbulb-efficiency-comparison-chart/)
https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&II=0&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=19901120&CC=US&NR=4972094A&KC=A# (https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&II=0&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=19901120&CC=US&NR=4972094A&KC=A#)
ELCON lightbulb with "70%" conversion efficiency. ! ??? ? 1988 priority !
Compared inandescent bulb 2%,but more important cause related. :
Koehler/Marzahn : Artificial light solar converter :
light source fluorescent light bulbs/lamp, efficiency 10%. !
Solar cells conversion efficiency 5,25 % in the End 80' ! B. Koehler priority date !
Koehler ( solar cell ). 70 Watt output. 35 Watt fluorescent lamp input
Marzahn ( 5x solar cell +mirror) 650 Watt output 12x cfl bulbs a 13 W = 156 W input
15%,20%,45%,60%. light-electric conversion ? 30%,50%,70% lamp/bulb efficiency ?
To understand the physical conversion effect :
http://translationportal.epo.org/emtp/translate/?ACTION=description-retrieval&COUNTRY=DE&ENGINE=google&FORMAT=docdb&KIND=A1&LOCALE=en_EP&NUMBER=102010035706&OPS=ops.epo.org/3.2&SRCLANG=de&TRGLANG=en (http://translationportal.epo.org/emtp/translate/?ACTION=description-retrieval&COUNTRY=DE&ENGINE=google&FORMAT=docdb&KIND=A1&LOCALE=en_EP&NUMBER=102010035706&OPS=ops.epo.org/3.2&SRCLANG=de&TRGLANG=en)
[0010]
the lamps/bulbs are NOT in " fixed 1 METER" distance ,the fixed formula distance of photon light spreadmeasure. !
Light intensity and conversion ( per sqm/sqcm) with 80 cm-60 cm- 40cm-20cm-10cm-5cm distance. ?
+ relatively " cold light" focussing by mirror. :
http://geo-dome.co.uk/article.asp?uname=solar_mirror (http://geo-dome.co.uk/article.asp?uname=solar_mirror)
Real World challenge :
https://www.google.com/search?q=contest+micro-grid&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-b-m (https://www.google.com/search?q=contest+micro-grid&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-b-m)
F. E. :
https://blog.nationalgeographic.org/2016/11/01/winners-of-solar-for-all-contest-will-build-microgrids-in-india/ (https://blog.nationalgeographic.org/2016/11/01/winners-of-solar-for-all-contest-will-build-microgrids-in-india/)
"free available energy" means up to 1 billion humanpower ,actually rural living, more worldwide available. !
Locally,national,international. !
as central micro-grid example :
The graphene cell + A.Marks ELCON + inverter + hydro-electric capsule for less than 100 Euros. :
500 Watt per hour cell output x 24 hours
10+ x " small user: 450 Watth/day" electricity delivery. !
Battery ? Biosolar ,predicted 50 US$/ KWh; Pedro Correia Alu-cell,idem ~ Biosolar; Alvin Marks "QENSOR
And also important : free clean water. !
https://judbarovski.livejournal.com/118354.html (https://judbarovski.livejournal.com/118354.html) "ULTRACHEAP" ? IN NUMBER/KWh. ?
With low cost VTOLs. https://www.google.com/search?q=fliegendes+motorrad&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-b-m (https://www.google.com/search?q=fliegendes+motorrad&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-b-m) the urban service delivery " education/health/security" will make rural zones " civilian". !And drones will do the postal/transport service. ! Streets/road independant !
Exploring the deserts and islands worldwide. !
Part of own vision and project :
https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-m&q=inflatable+bubble&oq=inflatable+bubble&aqs=heirloom-srp..0l5 (https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-m&q=inflatable+bubble&oq=inflatable+bubble&aqs=heirloom-srp..0l5)
these inflatable bubble platforms as " flyinging/flairing plattform",fast relocateable. !
"flying glamping shelter" for weekends,holiday,rural 24/365 living !
The international search for "synthetic production process" :
http://senaye.gov.az/en/international_news/gold
Gold as industrial Metall for nantennas and CNT- surface layer
https://www.google.com/search?q=gold+melts+in+room+temperature&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-b-mas layer deposition method very important
https://www.betterworldsolutions.eu/worlds-first-solar-battery-runs-on-light-and-air/
https://m.phys.org/news/2008-08-flexible-nanoantenna-arrays-capture-abundant.html
https://www.electronicsweekly.com/news/research-news/battery-lasts-200000-cycles-2016-05/
Strategical Mineral : gold !
gold mine : ?
F.e. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/16_Psyche
actual gold market price decrease to 1/100 up to 1/1000 the value ?
The asteroids belt as nano-tech industry mine field
https://www.pv-magazine.com/2018/05/25/the-path-to-us0-015-kwh-solar-power-and-lower/ (https://www.pv-magazine.com/2018/05/25/the-path-to-us0-015-kwh-solar-power-and-lower/)
Lanca Heard from member Brad who is using the Sun for growing sprouts
I believe yield is 50 lb bag of black oil sunflower seed makes 5-600 lbs food in one weeks time.
can I beg your research skills here [MANY health claims] maybe a new topic ??
I will be "building" too [all supplies in pic below [ph meter 5.8 -6.3 ..?? for germination treatment/soak of sunflower seed
if not thats fine too [ i will start a topic soon
Thx Chet K PS good hygiene important at all stages for healthy crop
From enerergy exploration with high aerosol emission to solar radiation conversion up to nonstop :
https://www.wj-rottal-inn.de/images/2010/desertecvortrag.pdf (https://www.wj-rottal-inn.de/images/2010/desertecvortrag.pdf) page 7-
shows the beginning from the conversion project from decentralized production to E.U.-building program application " in situ solar radiation conversion",
consumer-centralized and portable .
alibaba.com solar panels turkey : under 20 Eurocents/Wp
2025 we can assume 15 Euro-cents/Wp and 2030 10 Euro-cents/Wp
NovaSolix calculates with at the beginning 20 Euro-cents/US$-cents down to 10 cents/Wp
From 5-3Euros/US$/Wp on tect installation to 0,5/0,3 Euros/US$/Wp -inhouse solar- installation costs !
3600 Wp and 10800 Euros actual market to less than 1200 Euros 3600 Wp inhouse.included inverter !
Because 3,6 KWp,divided in 18 sqm solar panel area, 1400 KWh/sqm sun radiation value per annum and 15% solarelectric conversion = 210 KWh per sqm/annum ,this totals by 90% inverter conversion efficiency 3400 KWh useable power :
less expensive alternative if not Wp but "total power per year" economical orientation :
A.Ed Thorpe wind concentrator turbine + Arestov double winding + generator coil coating + inverter ~ 750-625 Euros for 3400 KWh per annum
= uncontrolled wind farming
B. Fanerator,similar investment range,advantage related wind concentrator turbine : start/stop- on demand !
= controlled wind farming
Psst Lanca
https://zpower.com/ (https://zpower.com/) Day and Nightime solar harvesting ?
you have a topic on this ??
I heard today this is real [well I did read sometime back too [maybe you ?
this one maybe we need some ?"research for experiments ??" [hows it work ....?
This man Reed has been a long time making the claim...
respectfully
Chet KEDIT
PS Hmm Now I remember we had this recently somewhere here ...his special "plates" .
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MsJwRznsf4o (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MsJwRznsf4o)
https://www.pr.com/press-release/803895 (https://www.pr.com/press-release/803895)
To summarize ZPower's new solar technology:
- Clean power from the sun (no fuel consumption or toxic emissions)
- Constant electricity produced (24-7 non-stop energy)
- Affordable electricity (wholesale rates less than 2¢ per kWh)
- Solid-State (no moving parts with a projected life of 30 years)
- Compact Size (ZPower 1 Megawatt Power Plant needs 2.5% of 1 acre. But 1 Megawatt of solar panels require 2.5 acres)
So by 8766 hours per year x 30 years and 10% capital tax and 2 cents/KWh we can expect :
1.250.000 US$/MW container-box investment ( = 1250$/KW)
Chet,probably 1 MW for "crowd funding"-groups for local "Energy Parc"-installation interestant !
6000 W zpower device : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2RBPGlW8hXQ (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2RBPGlW8hXQ) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Re2HSMpC0U (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Re2HSMpC0U)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_-RsZDU4H7A (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_-RsZDU4H7A)
https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=de&sl=de&tl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Fgehtanders.de%2Fder-fluxgenerator-von-james-b-schwartz%2F (https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=de&sl=de&tl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Fgehtanders.de%2Fder-fluxgenerator-von-james-b-schwartz%2F)
This version already had 6000 watts of output power.
In a video he explains the following:
"Here we have three plates with a solid aluminum layer on one side, followed by a layer of bismuth (https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=de&pto=aue&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=de&sp=nmt4&tl=en&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bismut&usg=ALkJrhg3uBnvGvZ14ORL_zyGBUecaVCObg) , then another layer of aluminum with six recesses. The windings are attached there, followed by a layer of bismuth, another plate with windings, then another layer of bismuth, then another plate of aluminum, and so you get a panel.
http://fluxpowertechnology.com/ (http://fluxpowertechnology.com/) https://spark.adobe.com/page/sRdP4qaNoCRW0/ (https://spark.adobe.com/page/sRdP4qaNoCRW0/)
sooo
how to harvest ? [I see a few possible paths you mention...
last week you posted a document on ambient energy harvesting ...member kampen was excited...it was quite interesting...[I will look for it...
However ..an array to harvest "Light" energy ??
if this is true ...and no Nano stuff...we need this....
"nano" is only a quantity dimension ,when we work with harvest devices in the light-wave spectrum we are ever working in the nano-sphere/dimension !
To get a inspiration :
1 KWh electricity its weight : 40 ng
1 MWh electricity its weight : 40 mg
1 GWh electricity its weight : 40 g
1 Nanogram electricity : 25 Wh
1 Kilogram electricity : 25 GWh
So in future beside photo(n)-voltaic we will catch and convert also phono(n)voltaic energy ,also called thermal-noise !
When you look to your diagram you will see two important parameters :length and frequency= vibrations/oscillations/cycles
This processes are very fast,down to Femto-seconds and also the free=unbonded and bonded energy stage is timely very short = recombination phase !
Seebeck/Peltier/Thompson/Carnot dynamic devices effect : all-in-1
The future : graphene- translucent ferrit-cristals nano bucky balls array as thin foils or paint-/spray-able liquids
https://youtu.be/LsXo6HfTj6g
In this video man shows how proximity of bismuth enhance radio signal.
I dont know what purpose is Al, maybe Al plate is antenna?
#72 : grupovisabeira.
(http://www.groupovisabeira.com) visabeira.pt (http://www.groupovisabeira.com)
Hello ricardotore,
this is the overunity.com basic question !
Would it not be easier to take this question as treat theme: overall interest ?!
Okay,here I would -at first- do the question :
off-/on-grid private/commercial/industrial household ?
Best way : ecological,financial,DIY,maintenance&service related ?
'Way': time,money,credit,information source study and comparison for own - appropriate- solution
List 24h/365 days sommer max winter max :
home max and average (K)Wpeak(+ inrush current/inrush tension preservation)
house electric appliances parallel or seriell use, controler,timer/schedule
When to begin with self-generation,2020,2021,....2025 ?
When on-grid : inter-change with electricity provider ( national,company conditioning)
When off-grid which emergency ( base generator defect/stolen/.......)
dual/hybrid - f.e. biofuel-genset - solution ?
Comparison : life 2020 to 1970 to 1920 electric machines ? Hand-Kraft moved machine/tools ?
How many ' electric' is in need ?
Repair,spare parts : nearly reachable,shop/repair or 'tuning' office or only online ?
Sending broken -receiving ' semi-new' back: time over-bridging solution ?
2 systems ?
Electricity kind : Alternant~ swinging wave current or Directional current or pulse wave current ?
To the current the Volt-age,tension : 6,12,24,36, .....110,220,380 Volts ?
Zero frequency: DC or household conventional AC 50/60 Hz or higher/lower ?
High V,A,Hz numbers : micro-wave owen,PC,induction heat devices
Are other around you not in this same situation and probably wish to resolve this question as applied answer :
Kindergarden grand-/parents,scolars grand-/parents,community grand-/parents and other,also Single homes
using the ' best-appropriate-advice and use Art&Kind ?
Individual-/group work ( and communication/hands/minds help )
without giving YOUR SPECIFIC PERSONAL/HOUSE HABITS
( Wp- modular ?! : extenseable/diminuishable consume,1+1+... consumer or 5,4,3,2,.. consumers)
living profile anybody can gives you an appropriate answer ,my private meaning !
Baukasten/construction kit -Prinzip/Principle CATALOG(UE) to C.A.D.-alog(ue)
IT is : image/photo in listed numbered articles
IT shall become : image/photo in listed numbered articles : compact
Without ,really,
In Deutsch an Expression ' Tappen im Dunkeln ( des Inter-nets) ' ( like overunity.com since much time shows)
Sincerely and wishing you in YOUR search and YOUR find/s success
OCWL
ricardotore,hello !
There is also beside A-B-,C-,D-,E-grade solar cells offer the possibility from surplus market auctions and second hand ware !
When you go net-wide to aliexpress/alibaba and other gross-selling b2business or direct selling b2consumer trade-platforms
the first detailed idea about Wp-quantity in knowing
there you get a first financial investment budget need aspect,
to include transport costs ,VAT ( which is international different) !
Between 5US$ per Wp( installed,ready to use) and 0,20US$/Wp(solar cell module without inverter et cet.) fob
factory is a great price performance/amplitude today !
Up to 25x times KWh -final price difference !
Your wish - your search -your find- your choice
Caution : commercial sharks
Sincerely
Heinrich Helmholtz Karl Ferdinand Braun Nils Bohr:Magneton-Modell
Thermo-Cryo Dynamische(weniger,/mehr) Kreislauf,EE : LCR
Solar dots (ink)
Solar cells
Solar circuits
Solar closed cycles
Solar generator
Photo-voltaic cells ,Einstein
Phono-voltaic cells,Planck
Parametric cells,Braun
Resonant parametric cells,Braun
Resonant parametric generator,Braun,Magnetic field Transistor
All Das das gleiche Objekt benennend :
Bandweiten (' bandgap') Antenna-Receiver(Receptor,Tuner,Amplifier,Emissor),rectenna oder nantenna
im Deutschen: aktiver Verstaerker
periodisch oder permanent die Resonator Operation,dazu Laplacesche 'Operator'(selbstausrichtender Tracker)
EMW-oder EMS angular momentum (allgemein:Feldkraft) 4d XYZ Orientierungs(Fleming:links-orthogonal drehend,Lenz:rechts-orthogonal drehend)-Rechts-System- Wandler-Ring-Netzwerk
Geometrische,hier Trigonometrie, Perspektive: Nullpunkt Wandler,ZP
Natural or artificial 'Solar'(=EMW oder EMS ) Transceiver
EMS + EMW : quantenmechanische Dualitaet,Licht-Welle,Quantenwirkung/-Zahl von Licht-bzw. Wellen-quant, ure
ure ~ Weizsaecker-ische Ur-Kraft-Einheiten
1x 'solar nano dot' :
die kleinstmoeglichte ART der PLASMA-FUSIONS-RE-/AKTOR-BAU-WEISE,
AT-/TRAKTOR-Technologie
ARTIFICIAL 'SOL' ( process )
2020 : 0,2€/Wp up
2025 : 0,15 €/Wp up
2030 : 0,10 €/Wp up
Adeus
OCWL
p.s.: Diese sehen den Wald vor lauter Baeumen nicht ,They can not see the forest for the trees
venetian 'blind' ? Maske oder Maskara ?
Es gibt a. 'Tote', b. 'Un-Tote' , c. Lebende,wirkende : overunity.com : 83908 a,b,c ?
Since 1984 https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&II=11&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=19860304&CC=US&NR=4574161A&KC=A#
we have had to wait for 1 Euro- or Dolar- cent per Watt-peak solar cells production costs like here predicted :
https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/solar-cells-perovskite-films-made-at-record-low-cost-and-speed/4012887.article#/
25 $cents per square-foot solar cell area by up to 18% conversion efficiency
Amplifying the radiation per sqcm cell area : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l1QZAax0-XA
Hyperstealth's patent pending Solar Panel Amplifier has been demonstrated to more than triple thin film solar panel output and nearly triple the common monocrystalline solar panels.
Quote from: lancaIV on March 06, 2021, 07:55:56 AM
Since 1984 https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&II=11&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=19860304&CC=US&NR=4574161A&KC=A#
we have had to wait for 1 Euro- or Dolar- cent per Watt-peak solar cells production costs like here predicted :
https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/solar-cells-perovskite-films-made-at-record-low-cost-and-speed/4012887.article#/
25 $cents per square-foot solar cell area by up to 18% conversion efficiency
Amplifying the radiation per sqcm cell area : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l1QZAax0-XA
Hyperstealth's patent pending Solar Panel Amplifier has been demonstrated to more than triple thin film solar panel output and nearly triple the common monocrystalline solar panels.
Yeah! BUT a solar panel inst really a light converter it converts solar RADIATION into electricity.
How shall I understand your statement,AlienGrey ?
Is the Alvin Marks technology
https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&II=0&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=19931207&CC=US&NR=5268258A&KC=A#
The manufacturing equipment, chemistry and processes for manufacturing these sheet products are described. The sheet products may be employed as a light-electric power converter (LEPCON TM ); or, in reverse with electric power supplied, as a large area laser, (ELCON TM ) used for 2D or 3D displays, for a high density high speed computer matrix and for a variety of uses.
,now used reversible :
artificial or solar light/radiation in -electric out
to reversible : electric in - solar or artificial light/radiation out ?
::) ;)
I worked over decades with a solar cell energy sourced calculator .
In -room ambiental light condition
https://www.intelligentliving.co/indoor-solar-cells-generate-electricity-from-home-lighting/ (https://www.intelligentliving.co/indoor-solar-cells-generate-electricity-from-home-lighting/)
lux and lumen
https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=de&tl=en&u=https://www.ledpanelgrosshandel.de/Was-ist-der-Unterschied-zwischen-Lumen-und-Lux (https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=de&tl=en&u=https://www.ledpanelgrosshandel.de/Was-ist-der-Unterschied-zwischen-Lumen-und-Lux)
Lumen - unit for luminous flux
The luminous flux ( also: light output ) of a light source is measured in lumens and provides information about the brightness of a lamp by measuring how much light a light source emits from all sides. The higher the lumen value, the more light the lamp emits.
The usual luminous fluxes in large indoor areas are 1100, 2000 and 3000 lumens. The required lumen output always depends on the height at which the lighting is hung (the higher the ceiling, the more lumens required) as well as the required range of the lamp and the appearance of the luminaire.
In order to determine the efficiency of a lamp, the wattage of a lamp is used in addition to the number of lumens. This is how you measure how much energy is converted into luminous flux. This measured variable is luminous efficacy and is measured in lumens / watt.
this "lux and lumen" description above has not one defined important physical phenomen :
http://www.ransensoftware.com/Photometric/Answers.htm (http://www.ransensoftware.com/Photometric/Answers.htm)
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/535365474444137624/ (https://www.pinterest.com/pin/535365474444137624/)
Lighting f.e. ever 700lm and the Lux : distance - in cm - dependence
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/255438610094428839/?d=t&mt=signup (https://www.pinterest.com/pin/255438610094428839/?d=t&mt=signup)
Hoeveel LED-lampen moet ik hebben?
we read : LIGHT SOURCE INVERSE SQUARE LAW
from #31 :
http://www.greenbusinesslight.com/resources/lighting-lux-lumens-watts (http://www.greenbusinesslight.com/resources/lighting-lux-lumens-watts)
a measurement of 1 lux is equal to the illumination of a surface one metre away from a single candle.
Lux : definition by 1 mtr. distance ,1/10 -1/100 distance effect ? linear/progressive? lux/lumen relationship
1 mtr fluorescent lamp :
solar cell arrangement ? sqcm aerea? market product efficiency 1985 ?
old 35 W lamps are today newer 20 W lamps light-emitting equivalent lumen/Watt Lux/Watt by ? distance in cm
https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&II=0&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=19900201&CC=DE&NR=3817730A1&KC=A1 (https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&II=0&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=19900201&CC=DE&NR=3817730A1&KC=A1)http://translationportal.epo.org/emtp/translate/?ACTION=description-retrieval&COUNTRY=DE&ENGINE=google&FORMAT=docdb&KIND=A1&LOCALE=en_EP&NUMBER=3817730&OPS=ops.epo.org/3.1&SRCLANG=de&TRGLANG=en (http://translationportal.epo.org/emtp/translate/?ACTION=description-retrieval&COUNTRY=DE&ENGINE=google&FORMAT=docdb&KIND=A1&LOCALE=en_EP&NUMBER=3817730&OPS=ops.epo.org/3.1&SRCLANG=de&TRGLANG=en)
In the article, they describe two variants of an organic solar cell where one variant has an area of 1 cm² and the other 4 cm².[/font][/size]
The smaller solar cell that was exposed to ambient light at an intensity of 1000 lux was able to convert as much as 26.1% of the energy of the light into electricity. It managed to deliver a voltage above 1V for more than 1000 hours in ambient light that varied between 200 and 1000 lux.
The larger solar cell was not as strong but still good, maintaining an energy efficiency of 23%.
Such semi-translucent photo-/phono-voltaic foils light devices ( fluorescent lamps or compact-fl ) wrapping
or direct in factory : light emissive appliance and semi-transparent light-to-electricity coating
LANCA ONE NEEDS TO KNOW WHAT TYPE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE HIT THE GROUND SURFACE 24/365.
THEN SHOULD CONCENTRATE ON THAT TO CAPTURE THAT SOURCE OF ENERGY.
The earth,as capacitor/condenser-condensator, has several different em spectrum particle/corpusceln and wave to receive/store/emitt
the earth = receiver (EE-view)
Why making it more complicated ::)
today the wished wave-length is "designed" by reflection/refraction and filtered/concentrated also making invisible
https://www.hyperstealth.com/
BECAUSE THE SOLAR PANELS CAN NOT CAPTURE THE SUN AT NIGHT, SO WE HAVE TO LOOK AT
PICO METRE WAVELENGTH GAMA RAYS AND X-RAY. 24/365 REMEMBER.
Quote from: seychelles on May 29, 2021, 09:02:39 AM
BECAUSE THE SOLAR PANELS CAN NOT CAPTURE THE SUN AT NIGHT, SO WE HAVE TO LOOK AT
PICO METRE WAVELENGTH GAMA RAYS AND X-RAY. 24/365 REMEMBER.
Forget the expression "solar" and use photon and phonon ! photo(n)-voltaic and phonon-voltaic also called phonon=thermal
voltaic = noise ( signal-to-noise,never heared ?)
24/365 light device on = 24/365 light emission + light-to-electricity conversion
https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=de&tl=en&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelektrischer_Effekt (https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=de&tl=en&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelektrischer_Effekt)
in winter = 1 season of four 24/(365/4) light on = anti winter-depression ;) (light therapy )
https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/light-therapy/about/pac-20384604#:~:text=Light%20therapy%20is%20a%20way,called%20a%20light%20therapy%20box (https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/light-therapy/about/pac-20384604#:~:text=Light%20therapy%20is%20a%20way,called%20a%20light%20therapy%20box).
8) If You are feeling Yourself "bad" probably caused "SAD" ;D seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
Lamp source : water-carbon cell or Nano-Boxx or self-sourcing by
= per charge cycle 0,0002 USD or 0,02 cent
https://www.greencarcongress.com/2020/02/20200220-attia.html (https://www.greencarcongress.com/2020/02/20200220-attia.html)
Are we soon here ?
= per charge cycle 0,0001 USD or 0,01 cent
capacitor/batteries feed-back circuit
we have this feed-back circuit in cars ,by light-machine/battery = conventional
we have capacitor and batteries commercial
we have photo-/phono-voltaic cells/generators
we have many different light emitting lamp types
Only more the question how cheap to bring this all together and to be individual local /global in the "plug & use" stage !
And without concentrated fabrication ,each county in countries their all needing parts self producing !
We can calculate with up to 9 KW per sqm/m3 output
based by
Paul Heinrich Marzahn ~ Koehler + Mirror: light intensity amplication
https://worldwide.espacenet.com/searchResults?submitted=true&locale=en_EP&DB=EPODOC&ST=advanced&TI=&AB=&PN=&AP=&PR=&PD=&PA=heinrich+marzahn&IN=&CPC=&IC=&Submit=Search (https://worldwide.espacenet.com/searchResults?submitted=true&locale=en_EP&DB=EPODOC&ST=advanced&TI=&AB=&PN=&AP=&PR=&PD=&PA=heinrich+marzahn&IN=&CPC=&IC=&Submit=Search)
solar cell output enhancer:http://translationportal.epo.org/emtp/translate/?ACTION=description-retrieval&COUNTRY=DE&ENGINE=google&FORMAT=docdb&KIND=U1&LOCALE=en_EP&NUMBER=29520064&OPS=ops.epo.org/3.1&SRCLANG=de&TRGLANG=en (http://translationportal.epo.org/emtp/translate/?ACTION=description-retrieval&COUNTRY=DE&ENGINE=google&FORMAT=docdb&KIND=U1&LOCALE=en_EP&NUMBER=29520064&OPS=ops.epo.org/3.1&SRCLANG=de&TRGLANG=en)
lamp consume saver:
http://translationportal.epo.org/emtp/translate/?ACTION=description-retrieval&COUNTRY=DE&ENGINE=google&FORMAT=docdb&KIND=U1&LOCALE=en_EP&NUMBER=29703156&OPS=ops.epo.org/3.1&SRCLANG=de&TRGLANG=en (http://translationportal.epo.org/emtp/translate/?ACTION=description-retrieval&COUNTRY=DE&ENGINE=google&FORMAT=docdb&KIND=U1&LOCALE=en_EP&NUMBER=29703156&OPS=ops.epo.org/3.1&SRCLANG=de&TRGLANG=en)
It has been found that the power consumption of a Ökolampe(=CFL) without the inventive device to 24 W is approximately 23, while falls within the inventive device the consumption to 1 W or less.
Baquero Menendez ~ Paul Marzahn configuration x 3
https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&II=0&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=20100615&CC=ES&NR=2341161A1&KC=A1 (https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&II=0&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=20100615&CC=ES&NR=2341161A1&KC=A1)
their numbers and bringing to 2021
20-30-45% converter efficiencies and f.e. Marzahn-chamber instead Mylar-reflector Hyperstealth foil output improving !
17,4 TW : 7 KW primary power (W,not Wh = energy) as electric power (W ,not Wh = energy)
per private household global :
1 sqm/cbm area/space need
Anymore commercial provider/consumer power-lines
btw : incandescent lamp 4% light conversion and 96% heat/thermic ( is the filament in the bulb/globe not in evacuated atmosphere ? 8) )
4% photo and 96% phono
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
From 155 TWh per annum/year primary energy use global (all sources) to per hour : 17,4 TW
7 KW primary power (W,not Wh = energy) as electric power (W ,not Wh = energy)
per household
we can assume in average actually maximal 50 % efficiency over all conversion processes
so we get by the 50% losts reduction energy ( nearly 90% efficiency ) =
3,5 KW primary power (W,not Wh = energy) as electric power (W ,not Wh = energy) per household
now the improving from all electric appliances( motor/generator/transformer/heater/cooler) by/to 50% less consume
< 2 KW primary power (W,not Wh = energy) as electric power (W ,not Wh = energy) per household and in this 155 TWh per annum are all consumer : industry/commerce/power plants(own consume)/militar/ public orgs/companies and the private households as future global average power installation
Quote from: seychelles on May 29, 2021, 09:02:39 AM
BECAUSE THE SOLAR PANELS CAN NOT CAPTURE THE SUN AT NIGHT, SO WE HAVE TO LOOK AT
PICO METRE WAVELENGTH GAMA RAYS AND X-RAY. 24/365 REMEMBER.
An old idea, often contemplated and published, but no cell so far:
Electricity from infrared waves. The ground or any surface exposed to the sun is radiating infrared after a day of sunshine. The solar cell is then flipped around pointing to the surface and produces at least for a while some electricity from the infrared radiation.
Your body is constantly radiating heat. You could wear underwear producing some electricity to charge your cell phone.
Greetings, Conrad
Quote from: conradelektro on May 29, 2021, 11:41:02 AM
An old idea, often contemplated and published, but no cell so far:
Electricity from infrared waves. The ground or any surface exposed to the sun is radiating infrared after a day of sunshine. The solar cell is then flipped around pointing to the surface and produces at least for a while some electricity from the infrared radiation.
Your body is constantly radiating heat. You could wear underwear producing some electricity to charge your cell phone.
Greetings, Conrad
,but not in sell/commerce so far :
https://www.greenoptimistic.com/green-ferrite-solar-cell-japan-20110920/ (https://www.greenoptimistic.com/green-ferrite-solar-cell-japan-20110920/)
hence the material's ability to not only collect light coming from the sun but also from all of the hotter objects in your home or car.
https://www.theengineer.co.uk/diode-infrared-kaust/ (https://www.theengineer.co.uk/diode-infrared-kaust/)
https://www.azonano.com/news.aspx?newsID=37030 (https://www.azonano.com/news.aspx?newsID=37030)
https://web.archive.org/web/20120722061149/http://www.prismnet.com/~frg (https://web.archive.org/web/20120722061149/http://www.prismnet.com/~frg) Solar roofing tile
We Have Developed a Proprietary Ceramic Compound for Roofing Shingles and Patio Paving Tiles that Harvests and Stores Solar Energy, Enabling an Embedded MEMS-TAR Chip To Generate Electric Power. Each Shingle and Paver is a Solar Battery. 4% photo and 96% phono : % from Phono in Infra-red wave spectrum bandwidth ?
Incandescent Bulbs
An incandescent light bulb contains a tungsten filament that is resistively heated when a current is conducted through it. At temperatures around 2000 K, the filament starts to emit visible light. To prevent the tungsten wire from burning up, the bulb is filled with a gas, usually argon. The heat generated in the filament is transported to the surroundings through radiation, convection (http://www.comsol.com/multiphysics/what-is-convection), and conduction. An incandescent bulb emits a greater proportion of red light than natural daylight. Emission even extends into the infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum, which wastes energy and reduces the overall efficiency of the bulb.
red but invisible ! for us humans !
The emission spectrum in the visible range of a typical incandescent bulb.
https://cdn.comsol.com/wordpress/sites/1/2016/01/Emission-spectrum-of-incandescent-bulb.png (https://cdn.comsol.com/wordpress/sites/1/2016/01/Emission-spectrum-of-incandescent-bulb.png)
% from carbon/CNT panel IR heater ?
So, what is infrared? To understand infrared, you first must understand heat. Heat equals energy. How things heat is by creating an increase in molecular energy in the part being heated. To remember your high-school physics, this is the kinetic energy. (It is not as complicated as it sounds.) All matter has molecules and, when they move (get excited), the increase in molecular movement creates electromagnetic energy.
As a law of physics, that electromagnetic energy radiates from its energy source. Simply put, that radiation is the infrared energy.https://www.rp-photonics.com/multiphonon_absorption.html#:~:text=The%20observed%20infrared%20absorption%20edge,for%20wavelengths%20below%202%20%CE%BCm (https://www.rp-photonics.com/multiphonon_absorption.html#:~:text=The%20observed%20infrared%20absorption%20edge,for%20wavelengths%20below%202%20%CE%BCm).
Such vibrations, related to
optical phonons (https://www.rp-photonics.com/phonons.html), exhibit substantially higher frequencies than vibrations related to
acoustical phonons, where neighbored atomic constituents vibrate approximately in phase.
" and experiments " : which are our skills ?
which are our needs ?
2hp = ? W or KW 2x 2hp = ? https://www.rapidtables.com/convert/power/hp-to-watt.html (https://www.rapidtables.com/convert/power/hp-to-watt.html)
https://www.google.com/search?q=garfield+wood+superelectric&rlz=1C1AVFC_enPT930PT930&oq=garfield+wood+superelectric&aqs=chrome..69i57j33i160.11486j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 (https://www.google.com/search?q=garfield+wood+superelectric&rlz=1C1AVFC_enPT930PT930&oq=garfield+wood+superelectric&aqs=chrome..69i57j33i160.11486j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8)
https://books.google.pt/books?id=x9MDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA84&lpg=PA84&dq=garfield+wood+superelectric&source=bl&ots=aJ_WT1HMNN&sig=ACfU3U2ewM_TWql26vHmg_z1gydjm1zrKg&hl=de&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjKnpLb3ILxAhVExYUKHRHbAYIQ6AEwD3oECBUQAw#v=onepage&q=garfield%20wood%20superelectric&f=false (https://books.google.pt/books?id=x9MDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA84&lpg=PA84&dq=garfield+wood+superelectric&source=bl&ots=aJ_WT1HMNN&sig=ACfU3U2ewM_TWql26vHmg_z1gydjm1zrKg&hl=de&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjKnpLb3ILxAhVExYUKHRHbAYIQ6AEwD3oECBUQAw#v=onepage&q=garfield%20wood%20superelectric&f=false)
(btw: the"sandwich wrap" : less surround heating source need )
https://www.autoweek.com/car-life/a31095213/gar-woods-many-talents/ (https://www.autoweek.com/car-life/a31095213/gar-woods-many-talents/)
In addition to features on how to build an underwater aquaplane and getting started in model rocketry, Popular Mechanics, in its July 1967 issue, reported the Gar Wood Super Electric Model A was 9 feet, 10 inches long and weighed 450 pounds, not including the eight 12-volt lead-acid batteries at 65 pounds each. Two 90-volt, 2-hp DC motors powered the car to a 52-mph top speed, the magazine said. Wood wouldn't reveal the exact range (ha!, sounds familiar). He did say, however, that if he disclosed results of his initial testing, auto execs would be "sloshing a watery pathway" to his door. He also said he'd hoped to market the EV with a fiberglass body for $1,500, or $38,500 today.
in conjunction ( 2x 2hp) 3 rated KW DC electric ( by output peak x 2 = 6 KW e-input ) for up to 52 mph peak
52 mi * 1.609344 km = 83.685888 km per hour tachometer peak
each GARWOOD 2hp DC motor torque in RPM output ?
https://www.voanews.com/silicon-valley-technology/can-better-electric-motor-save-planet (https://www.voanews.com/silicon-valley-technology/can-better-electric-motor-save-planet)
compared Catalans the torque in RPM output ? Volt-Ampere (h) input ?
2x or 3x or 4x aerogenerators ?
https://i0.wp.com/alcse.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/IMG_0312.jpg?resize=300%2C200&ssl=1 (https://i0.wp.com/alcse.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/IMG_0312.jpg?resize=300%2C200&ssl=1)
and solar
GARWOOD SUPERELECTRIC as https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MojgAtJMJfQ (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MojgAtJMJfQ) ?
or ic-engine moto(r)-bike to e-bike conversion https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7IKHgVji53U (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7IKHgVji53U) and right side vids offer
5) I have just used a 1000watt motor which outputs barely 2000 rpm at the shaft but still, I have managed to strike a balance between performance and power just because of a geared system
So I hope you have got all your doubts cleared for using the gearbox. Thanks for your time and interest.👍🙏✌️😊
Note: English Subtitles available please turn on Captions in your youtube for that
FAQ: What is the top speed Answer: 47.5 Kmph in fourth Gear What is the Range Answer: 50 Kmph / Full charge
And an/1x AMWIND generator and Catalan Halbach Motor ? Range ?
For global cities streets legal speed velocity max more than sufficient !
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UICxLbNRIgw (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UICxLbNRIgw) conventional rated 350 W electric and 50 Km per hour speed max :)
And an/1x AMWIND generator and Catalan Halbach Motor ?
Flexibility : And an/1x AMWIND generator and 2x 4 high speed micro motors for rated 350 W conventional equivalent
https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&II=2&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=19960511&CC=TW&NR=275660B&KC=B (https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&II=2&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=19960511&CC=TW&NR=275660B&KC=B)
ups :-\ ,easier to translate in words/image :
https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&II=4&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=19951107&CC=US&NR=5463914A&KC=A (https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&II=4&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=19951107&CC=US&NR=5463914A&KC=A)
In general, for conventional motors of 1 HP and 3 HP, the power consumptions are 746 W/H and 2238 W/H. These motors can be operated at high speed with low output torque or operated at low speed with larger torque, no matter how it operates, the power consumptions thereof are respectively 746 W/H and 2238 W/H.
In comparison, when a DC 12 V mini motor with full load capacity 25 g, 560 mA, running at 13340 rev./min is used, a plurality of such motors can be assembled and operated in association with a suitable number of down-speed gear sets so as to obtain proper operation speed.
The power consumptions thereof in the same conditions as above, are compared with the conventional motors to conclude
that at most only one eleventh of the power consumed in above cited motors is required.
image = https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/mosaics?CC=US&NR=5463914A&KC=A&FT=D&ND=3&date=19951107&DB=EPODOC&locale=en_EP (https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/mosaics?CC=US&NR=5463914A&KC=A&FT=D&ND=3&date=19951107&DB=EPODOC&locale=en_EP)
https://www.scan2cad.com/ (https://www.scan2cad.com/) to
http://www.dakeng.com/turbocnc.html (http://www.dakeng.com/turbocnc.html)
to 3d mill https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bUkX3iwr2iE (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bUkX3iwr2iE)
https://www.instructables.com/3D-printed-CNC-mill/ (https://www.instructables.com/3D-printed-CNC-mill/)
https://www.bantamtools.com/cnc-milling-machine (https://www.bantamtools.com/cnc-milling-machine)
https://www.cnc-step.com/3d-milling/ (https://www.cnc-step.com/3d-milling/)
and 3d digitizer to 3d scanner (digital replicator)
Better MAD MIN than MAD MAX ! ;)
https://static.fnac-static.com/multimedia/Images/PT/NR/17/e1/11/1171735/1540-1.jpg (https://static.fnac-static.com/multimedia/Images/PT/NR/17/e1/11/1171735/1540-1.jpg) : THE MAXIMAL MINIMUM
and as source /load circuit https://www.patentsencyclopedia.com/app/20090079393 (https://www.patentsencyclopedia.com/app/20090079393)
temporal available capacity supported by https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&II=0&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=19900201&CC=DE&NR=3817730A1&KC=A1 (https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&II=0&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=19900201&CC=DE&NR=3817730A1&KC=A1)
( AC can source DC devices,DC not AC devices ! Invert/er Re/Verter )
or becoming in once future served :
https://techconnectworld.com/World2017/a.php?i=1125 (https://techconnectworld.com/World2017/a.php?i=1125)
Birmingham Technologies (BT) has developed a power generation device that constantly recharges from ambient room heat—providing a continuous on-the-go power supply. Our Nano-Boxx technology replaces lithium-ion batteries.
Our latest Nano-Boxx data has produced 1550 Watts per liter which outperforms lithium-ion batteries (e.g. 1220 watts per liter) by almost 40%. https://geospatial.blogs.com/.a/6a00d83476d35153ef022ad3c0d118200b-320wi (https://geospatial.blogs.com/.a/6a00d83476d35153ef022ad3c0d118200b-320wi)
means in average 100 US$(or currency equivalent) for autonomous city electric street legal speed velocity commuter electric capacity storage investment high !
Everywhere global !
By Li Yng transmission use : 1/10 from 100 US$
( group buy fob factory commercial condition ! + transport costs = 0,5 x 0,5 average local price )
by patent legal state : open source outside U.S.A. = 0,3 from US average
= total 0,3 x 0,5 x 0,5 = x 0,075 average U.S.A. commercial market price
production : https://www.angstromsciences.com/sputtering-technology (https://www.angstromsciences.com/sputtering-technology)
The GarWood (2x 2hp) 4hp or 3 KW drive/vehicle weight are the parameter which are the "comparation benchmarks" for https://patents.google.com/patent/FR2792258A1/fr (https://patents.google.com/patent/FR2792258A1/fr)
and /or https://patents.google.com/patent/DE10011074A1/ar (https://patents.google.com/patent/DE10011074A1/ar) ( taken/"invented" from Franz Hawlitschek his description)
https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&II=0&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=19900201&CC=DE&NR=3817730A1&KC=A1 (https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&II=0&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=19900201&CC=DE&NR=3817730A1&KC=A1)
Let us doing the maths :
solar constant : 1333 W/sqm
on atmosphere top : 1050 W/sqm
https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/description?CC=US&NR=5229624A&KC=A&FT=D&ND=3&date=19930720&DB=EPODOC&locale=en_EP (https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/description?CC=US&NR=5229624A&KC=A&FT=D&ND=3&date=19930720&DB=EPODOC&locale=en_EP)
only calculating with 600 Wp solar radiation/sqm !
latitude dependent lumen/W : 70-105 ,average 93
1 sqm solar radiation a equivalent 1050W x 93 Lm/W = 97650 lumen
The DE3817730 ( 1988 priority and materials ) 1 meter lamp a 35 W offers maximal 38 lm/W = 1330 lumen !
But this industrial "38 lumen per Watt" measurement number is for 1 metre distance to calculate !
inverse square law of light : https://petapixel.com/2016/06/02/primer-inverse-square-law-light/ (https://petapixel.com/2016/06/02/primer-inverse-square-law-light/)
when by 1 metre distance : (1/1)v2 x 38 lumen = 38 lumen/Watt/sqm area x 35W = 1330 lumen/sqm
0,1 metre distance : (1/0,1)v2 x 38 lumen = 3800 lumen/Watt/sqm area x 35 W = 133 000 lumen/sqm
ergo " 1 sqm radiation a equivalent 1050W x 93 Lm/W = 97650 lumen " with 133 000 lumen/sqm surpassed !
133 000 lumen / 93 lm/W = 1430 W daylight per hour
x 5,25% 1988 solar cell conversion efficiency
x 15-25% 2021 solar cell conversion efficiency
x 45 % 2021 tandem thermionic cell