Hi all,

The way of winding the coil is of the utmost importance in the Stubblefield cell.

If you look at the Patent's illustrations,  the pattern of the winding and the size of the wires are identical, very well ordered and that is for a reason. When you compress wet cotton in a coil, the pressure can open the knitting and short the coil. The coil in the patent would probably drop in efficiency but would not stop. The pattern of the iron wire and that of the copper wire form discs in round alternating layers. All the columns are straight just like the rows. The closer they are to each other, the better it will perform and remember that a few thousand of an inch might give you 4 times less magnetic transfer. The cotton insulated copper wire must be the same size as the soft iron wire.

The pictures of his cell show that precision winding is part of the design. He shows years of labor and thinking.

Take care,

Michel

I am posting this again slightly enlarged for clarity to avoid any confusion here.  I did not use cotton insulated wire and I did not compress wet cotton.  My fe and cu wires measured within .0015" diameter of each other.  This 2 layered bifilar coil has put out 1.2 vdc @ 26mA's.  (Best reading)


Next time, I believe I will grind off the zinc coating on the core before construction.  As per Michel's suggestion, this would let the fe2o3 build up on the core as well as the iron wire and this might be a factor.  The reason I used the zinc coated core was that it had the highest iron content of anything I could find locally.

I just didn't want anyone to be confused on the construction of my coils thus far.

Bill

Hi all,

As I was reading an article on Magneto Hydro Dynamics, I fell on this passage:

http://www.steelguru.com/article/details/2008/08/05/NQ%3D%3D/Application_of_MHD_principles_and_their_advantage_on_liquid_fuel_such_as_petrol%25252C_diesel%25252C_LDO%25252C_HSD%25252C_FO_etc..html

QuoteMagnetic fields can affect this precipitation. It could change the size of particles of precipitated compounds, the ability of crystals to form, their shape and alter the solubility of compounds. An increase in the size of particles can have two beneficial effects. First, the larger crystals will not coagulate to form scale in the same way that the smaller crystals would. This is the purpose of the magnetic field. Secondly, the presence of the larger crystals disrupts the equilibrium between the fluid and any existing scale. Smaller particles, in general, dissolve more easily so larger particles will reduce the local concentration of calcite in the solution and remove the existing scale.

And this part at the end. It is for a different molecule but the effect would be more dramatic in a ferrous molecule.

QuoteAnother possible explanation is the change in nuclei. Magnetic field modifies crystal nuclei. The nuclei on which the crystals start growing and growing crystallites are very small and have charges surfaces. As they pass through the magnetic field, these charged particles encounter considerable forces as the magnetic field interacts them. This distinguishes fluids treated magnetically from untreated fluids. The magnetic field acts at the surfaces of the crystallites, modifying the nature of the charges at the surface. This alters the growth of the crystals in general and on specific planes. The size of the crystal will change as the pattern of growth in the field alters. The ability to form crystals alters as the relative rate of growth of specific planes of the crystals respond to the magnetic field. This also changes the crystal?s shape. As the relative energy available to the growing crystals vary with and without the magnetic field, so will the crystal phase. In turn, as crystals grow differently, their solubility or levels of super saturation in fluid alters. This explains why scale starts to dissolve; the equilibrium between the fluid and the precipitate changes because crystals are growing in the different way. At the interface between solids and fluids, diffusion layer arise between the solution and the faces of the growing crystal. The growing faces each carry a distinctive charge and this is where magnetic field works

This also means that pulsing during conditioning would be detrimental. In the article it is mention for the calcium molecule, 3,000 Gauss field is minimal. I would guess less for a ferrous molecule.

The structure of the forming rust on the iron would promote sideways crystallization and repulse an inside to the outside growth of the crystaline structure if the coil is wounded exactly as the Letters of Patent. The repulsion of 2 wires with the identical potential flowing in the same direction.

A good conditioning would promote the growth of the crystaline structure of the ferrous oxide toward the copper wire. That could mean the cotton is there to stop it or control it. In the first a modern magnet wire would work and in the second case it would mean any semi permeable coating could do or would need a close approximate of what Stubblefield used. The wires of the time were pretty tightly wounded: one or more rows of organic material in rope form and then one or more knitted covering layers of organic material and sometimes a tar solution was used for waterproofing. Also fireproofing materials were used instead for special purpose.

Take care,

Michel

This crystal structure theory is getting interesting to pursue.

If the crystalline structure growth is considered under a relatively strong magnetic field influence, it will grow out to fill the voids in the row structure of the coil lengthwise and also encasing the copper wire in a molecular grip for maximum magnetic transfer. May be the message was the bolt used, make a tight coil fitting your bifilar rows to match precisely by tightening or loosening the nut a quarter of a turn (more or less). When the coil is done winding, seal it outside with cotton, mica and/or silicone transformer tape or similar. A few rows should do and then tighten the nut a quarter turn to make sure the thing is tight and secure. It could also mean that a magnet wire is good to use or a waterproof cotton wrap could have been used in the original design. An avenue of search as to what kind of wire he used, check the old telegraph documents. They will mention insulated wires specs in regulations and Stubblefield knew about it and probably used the same general type of supplies. Tesla was used to scraps and high quality supply from his time at Westinghouse.

What strength of magnetic field to use during the conditioning, that is a good one for me as I have access to a Gauss meter and can recoil easy as the secondary is not ruled by such high standards.

On another subject, I received my high voltage power supply: 0-20v 5A and 0-350v .200A. Ideal for the tests on my Newman replication. Lucky for my cell project, I am not doing the testing as they may take a few weeks.

Take care,

Michel

I am wondering if this effect.... combined with the magnetic field during conditioning....

Only a few can provide an answer... HELP!
http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v39/i10/p6681_1

Quote

C. Y. Yang, S. M. Heald, J. M. Tranquada, Youwen Xu, Y. L. Wang, A. R. Moodenbaugh, D. O. Welch, and M. Suenaga
Department of Applied Science, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973

Received 16 November 1988

We present x-ray-absorption spectroscopy measurements of YBa2(Cu1-xFex)3O7-δ, x=0.015 to 0.15. Both near-edge features and extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) results demonstrate that Fe preferentially substitutes for Cu(1) atoms at the linear-chain site. The compositional trend of these samples shows that the valence state of Fe (mainly +3, but the possible presence of small amounts of +2 and +4 cannot be ruled out) remains the same and Fe-O bond lengths change minimally in the light of changes in the lattice parameters with composition. Because of its sensitivity to coordination geometry, the reduction of the intensity of the 1sâ†'3d edge feature indicates that the average coordination number of Fe nearest neighbors increases with increasing Fe content. EXAFS data analysis also finds an increase in the number of oxygen neighbors in the linear-chain plane, indicating an introduction of the extra oxygen atom on the vacancies of the a axis. Based on statistical considerations, we have examined the distribution of this extra oxygen atom as well as three possible Fe site coordination geometries (fourfold, fivefold, and sixfold).

?1989 The American Physical Society

URL: http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v39/p6681
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.39.6681
PACS: 74.70.Vy, 78.70.Dm, 71.20.-b

Take care,

Michel