Partnered Output Coils - Free Energy

[Dog-One]

Chris may want to pull that statement back or qualify it.   Seems there is all sorts of work being done to use carbon fibers for on-chip inductors:

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/amse/2014/384917/

Looks to me like if a material is conductive in any way, it can be formed into an inductor.

So con-ductor, in-ductor is a property of the material, as I'm sure the same is true for a capacitor and the dielectric material between the two conductors.


Seems to me the beauty in semi-conductors is their ability to change state--be a non-conductor and act as a dielectric, or be a conductor and act as substrate for an inductor.  I think most of us have tried to visualize such a material that could change state in a running LC circuit and how profoundly the characteristics of such a tank circuit could be altered on the fly.  The next question to ask yourself is if such a material exists that is not a conductor but is conductor at the same time.  Would this material be a self-resonant tank circuit?  Or, would this material simply refuse to oscillate under any conditions?

[partzman]

@PartzMan - Going further...

Smudge was talking directly about the Output Current Wave Form. Like I said:

When a Diver, Dives under a Large Volume of Water, his body takes time to adjust to the Water Pressure, this is more evident on the way back up, The Bends, or Decompression Sickness (DCS).

Magnetic Fields, when the Source is a Current Flow in a Wire, also take Time to adjust to each Other. We know this as the Impedance, the AC Resistance, the Resistance to change of the Magnetic Field. We both know all this already!

When two Magnetic Fields are in such a fashion as to Oppose like this, like I have shown for Years now, things are not as we would expect! What we might expect to see as an Impedance (Z), that can be completely different to what we would expect to see, when we have Magnetic Fields under Stress! The Coils Impedance can be nearly Zero, or even further.

So, amazingly, and no one has touched on this, even though I have bought this up many times, there can be No Resistance to the Change In Magnetic Field!!! This is massively Important!

We can see Magnetic Field Changes in a VERY much shorter Time than we would normally expect! We can see on GG's Scope Shot that the Current, which is also the Magnetic Field, changes, from one Sine to the Other, in a very short time! About 400ns if my Math is correct.

Below, the distance between the two Yellow lines, is the time it takes for the Magnetic Fields to Balance, we have next to no DCS. Simply because the Pressure between the Coils remain High all at the same time as the Magnetic Field is High.

Now, this is Super Important to see: Like in ALL "Generators" the Magnetic Field is going to Change in Time, but the Partnered Output Coils are Now the "Generator" - This means one of the Coils is still in the same state that is was a split second before the switching, this coil can not change its state, it is now the Source of the Magnetic Field in the "Generator"!

As Time increments, the Magnetic Field will slowly decrease, which we see on the scope. The Magnetic Fields between each one of the Partnered Output Coils is Opposite, one + and one -

IMPORTANT: This means One Coil is IN PHASE with the Input, meaning the Magnetic Fields are in the Same Direction, the Flow of Current is in the same direction, one Coil Assists in the Self Oscillation characteristics!!!

Of course GG switched off his input part Cycle, which he must, because the Time for the Magnetic Fields to do work in "Generating" Excess Electrical Energy would overlap on the Input other wise because of his Devices Geometry.

   Chris Sykes
       hyiq.org

Chris,

In essence, everything you state above can simply be summed up with one phrase and that is Conservation of Energy as you know.   

The current spike you refer to in Graham's MIT secondary current is the result of a field collapse of one of the secondaries while the other remains on thus creating the bucking condition between the two secondaries.  During this field collapse, the drain voltage of the mosfet that has turned off reaches a high level in a half sine shape and is the reason he uses the expensive Cree high BVdss devices.  What actually happens during this short period is the current in the collapsing secondary charges the Coss or output capacitance (ignoring coil and other circuit circuit capacitance for simplicity) until all the energy that was contained in said secondary is now stored in the Coss minus losses of course.  I think we would agree that if no capacitance was present, the voltage would rise to infinity.  Next, the energy stored in Coss is now discharged or shuttled back into the same secondary which results in the opposite polarity of current in the secondary winding.  Then, via some means of delay, the other secondary is allowed to turn off and with the right combination of PM flux bias in the core, gap energy, leakage inductance, core perm and overall timing, the result is the average output current being close to dc.

I've attached a sim below that demonstrates what I'm stating above.  This sim does include PM core bias, leakage inductance, nonlinear cores utilizing gyrator/capacitor models.  Behavioral voltage or BV sources are used for the nonlinear capacitors that model the nonlinear cores along with doing some calculations but we'll skip how this type of modeling works.  It can be a little difficult to follow so I'll
explain the important details.

The current fed full bridge inverter drives the primary.  Each side of the primary is displayed in the plot as V(ps) and V(pf) and if summed together would be sine wave with a small delay at the zero crossing.  Plot math is seen for V(eout), I(L1), and V(pin) and is used as follows.  The BV source B3 calculates the Pin and can be seen to be 2.3593v which really should be read as ~2.36w because the output of BV equations will always be indicated in volts.  The output voltage V(eout) is 9.824v dc which equates to a Pout=4.83w for a COP=2.05.  Compare this to the dc power input of .324 * 40 = 12.96w and also note the reactive power in the primary of ~65w rms. 

Although the waveforms are slightly different compared to G's MIT, the concept is the same with the resulting negative offset in the output current waveform I(V6).

pm

[EMJunkie]

Good question, I'd like to know if really induction cannot happen when the 'wire" is just a carbon fibre or carbon rod as used in zinc-carbon battery. Unfortunately I cannot test it.. Could somebody test it and post video on youtube ?

Hi Forest, yes, Charged Particles, or Particles carrying a Charge can only move in a Conductive Element. Each Charged Particle having a Magnetic Moment of its own, meaning that it can be Polarised with, or by, the applied Magnetic Field.

Chris may want to pull that statement back or qualify it.   Seems there is all sorts of work being done to use carbon fibers for on-chip inductors:

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/amse/2014/384917/

Looks to me like if a material is conductive in any way, it can be formed into an inductor.

So con-ductor, in-ductor is a property of the material, as I'm sure the same is true for a capacitor and the dielectric material between the two conductors.


Seems to me the beauty in semi-conductors is their ability to change state--be a non-conductor and act as a dielectric, or be a conductor and act as substrate for an inductor.  I think most of us have tried to visualize such a material that could change state in a running LC circuit and how profoundly the characteristics of such a tank circuit could be altered on the fly.  The next question to ask yourself is if such a material exists that is not a conductor but is conductor at the same time.  Would this material be a self-resonant tank circuit?  Or, would this material simply refuse to oscillate under any conditions?

Hi Dog-One - You're quite right. Carbon Fibre may not have been a very good choice of material to use in my example. Some Compounds, or Composites of Carbon Fibre can be Conductive, thus meaning they can carry Charged Particles, thus meaning they can be used as Inductors.

I hope the readers see what I mean by what I wrote?

Re: Super Conductor - At this point it is an interesting point to bring up! Whats the best definition we can find:

Superconductivity is the ability of certain materials to conduct electric current with practically zero resistance.

Interestingly:

Once this is done, conductivity will improve and resistance decrease as we are dealing only with electrons.

This we have seen in our experiments already, perhaps not a true Super-Conductor, but on the way to it. I like to think of the Electrons in the Wire, or the Charged particles in the wire as a Buoy in water, waiting to be stimulated, waiting for the tide to carry this Buoy as a Current of Buoy's in a Current of Water.

   Chris Sykes
       hyiq.org

[partzman]

Chris,

Before we leave the MEI device previously posted, I have several comments before discussing the attached scope pix.

I was a little surprised that you didn't mention the buck configuration of the secondaries in the ME3V_25F schematic.  These windings however do not operate as one might assume from their connected polarities but are rather unique in their operation. 

The basic MEI device can be modeled as two back-to-back delay lines with the common (primary L2) open circuited and the outside secondaries connected in various configurations to a load.  Due to this structure, the primary L2 couples to the secondaries L1/L3 via the distributed capacitance between the windings and therefore, the device appears as a capacitive reactance to anything connected to it's input.  As a result, the distributed displacement currents (so called) operate in a unique manner in the low side secondary, in this case L1, in that positive current flows out each end of L1 while L3 operates in a normal manner comparatively.  In addition, the phase of the voltage (not shown) at the junction of L1/L3 is difficult to explain due to these unique interactions within the coils.  IMO, the excess energy and the >90 degree phase shift between the input current and voltage is due to energy extraction from the aether in the distributed capacitance between windings.

Now, in regards to the current usefulness of this device, I've attached a scope pix of a version with certain changes that operates from a pulsed input and dc supply.  CH1(yel) is the input pulse, CH2(blu) is the input current to the device, CH3(pnk) is the output voltage across 51 ohm non-inductive load, and the Math(red) channel is the instantaneous input power over time and shown in mean watts.  It can be seen that the input current is negative for ~50% of the input pulse positive duty cycle and this negative energy can be (and is) recirculated back to the supply with proper circuit design.  The resulting pulsed input power is 88.52mw.  The output power calculates to 145mw resulting in a COP of 1.64.  With refined improvements including power output, the device could be integrated into or added to cell phones or other mobile devices for perpetual charging. 

pm       

[EMJunkie]

Hi PartzMan, Energy Conservation is real, its valid, it is a Law that binds all Non Asymmetric Machines!

Chris,

In essence, everything you state above can simply be summed up with one phrase and that is Conservation of Energy as you know.   

The current spike you refer to in Graham's MIT secondary current is the result of a field collapse of one of the secondaries while the other remains on thus creating the bucking condition between the two secondaries.  During this field collapse, the drain voltage of the mosfet that has turned off reaches a high level in a half sine shape and is the reason he uses the expensive Cree high BVdss devices. 

I don't agree with the terminology, the Field is not "Collapsing" - It is a Forced Full Reversal (in approx. 400us) with slightly less amplitude. Yes the Field's Between the Two Output Coils Buck, Currents are in Opposite Directions.

The Current Spike is a direct result of a Very Fast Change in the Output Coils Magnetic Fields, again about 400us.

What actually happens during this short period is the current in the collapsing secondary charges the Coss or output capacitance (ignoring coil and other circuit circuit capacitance for simplicity) until all the energy that was contained in said secondary is now stored in the Coss minus losses of course. 

Yes, the Output Capacitances are charged at this time, as I indicated in my last image, from the Red Arrow to the Black Arrow is the Energy "Generation" Cycle, because the Time Rate of Change of the Magnetic Field is responsible for the "Generation" of Energy, and because this Configuration, Two Output Coils, can allow for very fast changes, because of the very low AC Resistance we see this big Spike.

I think we would agree that if no capacitance was present, the voltage would rise to infinity. 

Yes.

Next, the energy stored in Coss is now discharged or shuttled back into the same secondary which results in the opposite polarity of current in the secondary winding.  Then, via some means of delay, the other secondary is allowed to turn off and with the right combination of PM flux bias in the core, gap energy, leakage inductance, core perm and overall timing, the result is the average output current being close to dc.

This is part yes and a part no. The Total Charge being delivered and the Total Charge coming back will only occur at Current Zero Cross, will it not?

An example:
   Discharging a pulse into a LC Resonant Tank can only occur if the potential of the Pulse is greater than the value of the Potential of the LC Tank at that point in time.

Other wise, no Pulse will be delivered.

So, in the below image, the small Black portion of the wave, after the Red Arrow, is where Current is moving back from the Output Capacitance into the Coil again. Before that, Current is being delivered to the Output Capacitances.

I've attached a sim below that demonstrates what I'm stating above.  This sim does include PM core bias, leakage inductance, nonlinear cores utilizing gyrator/capacitor models.  Behavioral voltage or BV sources are used for the nonlinear capacitors that model the nonlinear cores along with doing some calculations but we'll skip how this type of modeling works.  It can be a little difficult to follow so I'll
explain the important details.

The current fed full bridge inverter drives the primary.  Each side of the primary is displayed in the plot as V(ps) and V(pf) and if summed together would be sine wave with a small delay at the zero crossing.  Plot math is seen for V(eout), I(L1), and V(pin) and is used as follows.  The BV source B3 calculates the Pin and can be seen to be 2.3593v which really should be read as ~2.36w because the output of BV equations will always be indicated in volts.  The output voltage V(eout) is 9.824v dc which equates to a Pout=4.83w for a COP=2.05.  Compare this to the dc power input of .324 * 40 = 12.96w and also note the reactive power in the primary of ~65w rms. 

Although the waveforms are slightly different compared to G's MIT, the concept is the same with the resulting negative offset in the output current waveform I(V6).

pm

A nice Circuit Partzman, looks good in many areas. However, I am sorry, either I don't understand what you're trying to show, or if I do, then I don't agree that this circuit is close to Gunny's or my work at all. This circuit misses all the characteristics of "Generating" Electrical Energy! Maybe its more like "Winson Ali" line of work? http://www.winsonali.com/



   Chris Sykes
       hyiq.org