Sm0ky2's modified Voss Machine

[sm0ky2]

I want to talk a little about a phenomenon I call "charge drift"
It is a functionality of electrostatic induction (electric charge induction)
and the potential consequences of it. (no pun intended)


To try an explain this to you, I need to present this in relativistic terms.
I do not prefer the term "scalar waves", because there are mathematical
inconsistencies in these theories. While the waves of energy being discussed
are one and the same, my interpretation of the events is not in conformity
with scalar theories.


Ok so, when you think about these machines, we assume some value of
'neutral potential', a sort of 0-volt state, between each of the two capacitive
charges. We usually reference this to earth-ground, or an average electrical state
of the environment. But what happens when we don't?


to the machine, this does not matter.
the machine sees the 'center-point' charge as 0 volts or equipotential between the
two potential differences. This is irrespective to our relative potential to the neutral charge.
The neutral charge itself can 'drift' far from our potential.
Meaning it can be positive or negatively charged compared to us.


We still maintain the potential difference of the machine.
If the machine produces a 100kv difference, this does not change.
However, when the neutral-charge has a potential to us,
let's say this is +100kv, then our referenced potential to the + terminal is 200kv
Our reference to the -terminal will be (almost) nothing.


And this condition can arise in any variation within the capacitance of the
neutral-circuit.


this reference potential can drift further from us than the potential between the
two main capacitors of the machine.


When this gets above some value (+/-) ~3Mv/m^2, it can send out an
electric field propagation (wave) of very high potential, as an expanding planar
phenomenon, ionizing anything in it's path.

[sm0ky2]

The effect originates along the plane of rotation.
With vertical oriented disks, as in the standard Whimshurst
The planar wave is vertical, and expands horizontally with distance
from the machine.


With horizontal oriented disks, such as in my modified Voss
the wave is horizontal, and expands vertically with distance.


With a cylindrical machine, the wave propegates from the ends of the cylinder.
and expand radially with distance.


There is a sonic effect as it passes, the pressure can both be felt and heard.
Metal objects (such as aluminum) struck by the wave, become highly charged,
and begin crackling briefly as it passes.


This is by far the most fascinating effect I have observed from the electric machines.
And have spent many sleepless nights attempting to replicate and study this effect.
In an effort to better understand its' causes and potential applications.


Which has led me to the theory of Charge Drift.


I believe this is the same mechanism that drives the ridiculous charges in storm clouds.
As we know, the potential between top and bottom of the cloud, is much much less than the
'net' potential between the Earth and cloud.
I believe this to be the charge drift effect.

[sm0ky2]

Earlier in the thread I touch on a topic of the modes of operation of electric machines.
I'm rementioning now for those who wish to experiment with charge drift and the
associated waves of atmospheric disturbance.


These machines have multiple "capacitances"
The most commonly considered is the value of the Leyden jars.
Less talked about are the internal capacitances of the machine itself.
Each sector, plate, pin, etc. will hold some quantity of charge.
Mostly controlled by the surface area.
And, each according to their function, the machines will produce an internal charge,
in relation to the internal capacitances, over the time of operation.


we will now explicitly discuss rotating machines, as I am not prepared to present the
'electrophorus' type example, or linear-friction machines, or many others at this time.
my studies of charge drift have been limited to rotating machines up to this point.


The mode of operation that I have found best for studying this effect is that in which the
machines output is the production of the machine.
Not many people operate their machines in this way.


The standard mode of operation is the build-up of charge over time, adding up to a large
discharge, after many cycles.
This is because the Leyden jars have a greater capacitance than the internal capacitance
of the machine. The output is stored in the jars cycle after cycle, until a desired charge is
accumulated. While charge drift can and does sometimes occur in this mode, it may not be
advantageous to use this mode to replicate the effect. I have found it to be much more
difficult.


The other mode of operation allows for a direct output from the machine by allowing the
internal capacitance of the machine to exceed (or replace) the capacitance of the Leyden jars.
In leymans terms: the spark produced is directly from the machine in real time.
In this mode of operation we do not wait for charge to accumulate, but allow it to flow with the
natural cycles of the machine.
The frequency of discharge in this mode of operation is simply: n(rpm)/60
Where n is the number of sectors or plates/pins on the machine that induce a charge each
rotation.
In a machine with multiple rotating parts, the value of n is 1/2 the actual count (in most cases)
For instance, in a Whimshurst machine it would be the count of sectors on only one disk,
not both. since they are 'paired' in the machines operation.


The Bonetti is a more complicated analysis, as the value of n changes depending on surface conditions
of the dielectric surface, contaminants in the air (dust) and accumulating charge densities on its surface.
in a 'clean room' this can be limited to only charge densities, however the value of n remains inconsistent.
In an environment of equally dispersed dust and airborne contaminants n is more easily stabalized.
Also the placement of the neutral circuit can help stabilization of n, and coincidentally the output freq.


So we have our machines operating in direct output mode, functioning primarily on its internal capacitance.
The second condition we want to create is a large capacitance of the neutral circuit.
Many of these machines (in their final form) already incorporate a neutral circuit, neutralizing rod, etc.
If your design does not, simply analysis of machines that do can lead you to a method of adding this to
your machine.


This gives us an exaggerated voltage-bias which we can allow to occur naturally or cause to occur by
introducing assymetry to our designs.
Many Leyden jar designs have a secondary plate (outer) which are often connected to the same on the
other jar. We can connect our neutral circuit to this and equalize the machines neutral circuit to one value.
Or simply remove the Leyden jars all together, and increase the capacitance of our neutral circuit by
increasing its surface area or using a single Leyden jar charged by the neutral circuit.


Remember the neutral circuit is the 0-volt reference of the machines potential.
It's potential relative to our 0-volt reference is irrelevent to the machines operation.
This voltage-bias (when not = 0) is the basis of charge drift.

And can be tested by discharging the neutral circuit to our 0-volt reference.
Or with an electrometer or similar charge-detection device.

[sm0ky2]

Lit up the new machine today so I figured it was time to give you guys an update


I took the 2-dimensional (flat disk) design and applied 3rd-dimensional physics
Allowing for the development of a fully functional concentric  quadrupolar machine


But before I was able to do that....

I Had to go on a little on a little adventure in materials physics to discover the true reason
my modified version of Voss' machine runs "backwards".


When I got to Texas I learned that "everything is bigger here".
So, why not my Voss?
So I set off to build the biggest Voss on earth.
Turns out I can't, so I build the biggest Voss our construction industry allows.
That is: a 4x8 sheet of acrylic cut into 2x 4-ft disks.
It was a nice machine, ran amazingly balanced despite my shotty workmanship
But it wasn't able to operate with my modifications.
It only worked as a normal Voss or double toepler-holtz


Which didn't serve the purpose of my high energy physics research
The difference between an influence machine or electric induction machine
and an Ion Generator
Is the mode of operation


And it has to do with the potential reference


But why was I able to do this with my older machines and not the new one?
It came down to the type of acrylic I was using.
Long ago when my family owned an acrylic company, we had a special kind of plastic.
It was not your normal plexiglass, it was the old Lexan recipe


One is an insulator, like most machines are made from.
The other is insulative, but is also a dielectric charge carrier


And example between the two types of plastic
If you apply a charge on one side of a normal insulator
You can attract oppositely charged objects to it
Say a piece of styrofoam
Once the charge goes away, the styrofoam falls.
And there is uniform charge distribution


With a charge carrier, point charges can exist indefinitely in the surface of the materials
These materials has to be deionized and come with special paper coatings


This is the type of material necessary for my modifications to work.
And the reason the machines run backwards.
You see, there is another charge layer on the surface of the actual insulator.


The new machine is capable of, not only a variable capacitance, but can be set into an oscillating
pattern of increasing and decreasing. electric potential, not unlike an A/C magnetic generator.


I will have photos and videos to share as soon as I clean this mess up.
I turned it on for the first time this weekend, and it actually WORKs!!!
applying new physics is way more fun than sitting around theorizing


I need to secure a few parts to make it more mobile, and seal things in to increase the tolerance
there's corona leaking out everywhere

[sm0ky2]

Just got done applying an acrylic coat to the machine
Sealed in the outer charge plates and the edges of the
inductors around the cylinder.


Figured I would give you guys a couple teardown photos
I can't show you the inner plates because the cylinder is sealed
But it's basically like if you were to put a second set of plates
on the opposite side of the disk, so there is 2x the induction.


Because the 'disk' is folded around its' axis, this 2-ft cylinder is
the equivalent to a 4-ft disk.
And because it's a dual (parallel) machine, it's the same as having
2x 4-ft machines.


Here's photos of the outer plates and the outer cylinder w/ plates removed
The cylinder sits on top a fidget spinner, driven by a small dc motor
Runs at 4v 200mA