MEMM

[PaulLowrance]

It's always a question just how much time should be spent on documenting versus just working on the experiments, building, and research.  Lately due to my friends 20 year old prophesy I've spent a little more time on documenting. :-)  Here are more "free energy" details -->



First, a few prerequisites and definitions.

PM - short for Permanent Magnet.

Magnetic materials - Most magnetic materials are either ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic.  They both generate magnetic fields, but ferromagnetic is stronger than ferrimagnetic.  Ferrites are made with ferrimagnetic material. Pure iron, cobalt, nickel, etc. are ferromagnetic.

Electron orbital - The electrons are not particles, but really wave-particles. Even so, a lot of electrons do indeed have an equivalent orbital motion around the atoms nucleus. Simply stated, some electrons orbit the atom. Basically you can imagine this electron orbital as a coil of current.

Intrinsic electron spin - I'll abbreviate this as IES. If we zoom in a look at the electron we'll note there is an equivalent vortex of current. Basically speaking you can imagine the electron as a small coil with current. More precisely this imaginary current is spread out like a vortex.  Essentially, IES is similar to the electron orbital except the IES is far smaller and more intense.

Magnetic field caused by all ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic materials - The magnetic field caused by these materials mostly come from the IES, not electron orbital. I've read values of 80% IES.

Magnetic moment - This is a field caused by either IES or the electron orbital. If you have seen drawings of the Earths magnetic field then you know what the magnetic moment field looks like. See the attached image on this post.

MCE - This is the Magnetocaloric effect.

Eddy current - Please see the following web page -> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddy_current

Electron flip - This is as described, the electron rotating 180 degrees and flipping. A great deal QM (Quantum Mechanic) physicists are under the impression the single electron does not rotate, but simply flips in an instant, in zero seconds. This is a false interpretation of QM. Experiments conducted by companies such as IBM have shown that the electron not only forces the entire atom to rotate, but it also forces the atom to precess as it flips / rotates. The actual electrons flip rate has been measured and it's typically a few nanoseconds, but can be significantly slower in electrically conductive magnetic materials.

Avalanches - This is an effect where a great deal of electrons flip. It is an avalanche effect where one electron will trigger another and so on until the avalanche dies out.

Applied field - This is simply a magnetic field that is applied to the magnetic material. This applied field can come from current in a coil or from PM's.

Magnetic energy - this is in reference to the energy associated with electron flips.


There are basically two main methods of extracting MCE energy. -->


Method #1 --- Using the Eddy currents as a tool

This is the method Naudin used in both of his designs. This method will not work on ferrite cores, as it requires the magnetic material to be electrically conductive at least on the micro scale. This is the easiest method.

Lets start from the beginning and with a very simple design. For simplicity lets use a design that does not have any PM's (Permanent Magnets) because PM designs introduce more complexity. We have a core with two coils-- coil #1 and #2. This design therefore requires a certain minimum amount of current running through the coil to make up for the lack of PM. Note that coil #2 is only for collecting energy. Our core is a toroid.

So current is flowing through the coil #1. The net magnetic field within the core is at level A. Now we want to increase coil #1's current as rapidly as possible. So coil #1 has increasing current and coil #2 is completely off. What happens is the IES's (Intrinsic Electron Spins) flip in avalanches. These avalanches are very slow because our magnetic core is electrically conductive. So there are avalanches igniting here and there. These avalanches cause Eddy currents, since our magnetic material is electrically conductive. So basically a great deal of the energy associated with the IES flip is given to the Eddy current.  We see within magnetic material there's a storm brewing as the applied field increases. As the applied field increases there are millions of nano size avalanches and Eddy currents. The avalanches generate energy, which Eddy currents collect. The Eddy currents have an RL decay period, once they reach peak, meaning the Eddy currents decay at a changing rate, simply stated.

At this moment our applied field is increasing, there are avalanches and Eddy currents. At the precise moment, and time is crucial, our coil #1 suddenly turns off and coil #2 turns on. A lot of electrons are still flipping and we already have a lot of energy built up in Eddy currents. We now have no current through coil #1. For simplicity coil #2 is connect to a resistor. So the resistor across coil #2 collects energy, which it dissipates in the form of heat. At some point the Eddy currents in totality will reach maximum and begin to fall. It is the job of coil #2 and its load (the resistor) to rob as much of this Eddy energy as possible.

Eventually the net magnetic field in the core will fall back to level A, as mentioned above, and the process repeats.



Method #2 --- The High Speed method

I'll document this method at a later time. Essentially this method requires non-electrical magnetic core such as ferrites. This method could possibly generate more power, but it requires extraordinarily high performing parts that can switch in roughly a nanosecond while allowing either high current or have high breakdown voltages.  As in method #1, the core is always partially magnetized.

This method does not rely on the micro eddy currents. Rather, at high speed the coil current must increase (switch completely on) faster than a fraction of one flip speed. Since the core is non-electrically conductive the electron flips will occur at high speed, typically in a few nanoseconds. It's the job of the coil to generate one coherent simultaneous avalanche pulse. When the electron flip process has reached a certain rotation (roughly 90 degrees rotation) then it is time to collect the energy. Remember, just as in method #1, the core starts at level A net magnetic field. So the core is partially magnetized from the start. It is this strong net magnetic field that provides so much energy when the electrons flip. The magnetic field caused by the coil is but a fraction of the field caused by the magnetic material. That is why one cubic inch of Metglas oscillating at 100 KHz generates 15 mega joules of energy exchanges in one second (15 megawatts) per Tesla.


Note that the effective permeability in method #1 would be relatively low (~5 to 100) as compared to method #2.


Kind regards,
Paul Lowrance

[gyulasun]

Hi Paul and All,

I have just seen a new price info on AMCC-320 Powerlite core at the /MEG_builders/ group from Andrew:

..."I got in contact with the company that supplies the core as specified
on the JLN Labs site and they said the core is $107 as a set.
Their website is http://www.elnamagnetics.com and it is a MetGlas
AMCC-320 Powerlite core." ...

I did not manage to visit the elnamagnetics.com page, it is down, probably for the weekend.

Another issue I would like to comment is the type of power MOSFETs you wish to use for switching, especially in case of Method #2.  Very fast switching-on will require a MOSFET able to survive several hundred (at least 600-700) Volts of back EMF from the coil and MOSFETs with such a high drain-source breakdown voltage are not cheap, especially with the simultanious need of the low rds.

One of the best firms on this field I know of is IXYS Corporation ( http://www.ixys.com/ )  and this link is their product family on MOSFETs: http://www.ixys.com/pfdmos01.html and Q2 Class HiperFET MOSFETs with Exceptionally Fast Switching category is a possible choice if a 25-30nsec on / off switching speed is the goal in PRACTICE. This performance needs appropiate gate drivers too, see http://www.ixysgatedrivers.com/

(Let me notice I have no any relation/connection with IXYS Corp!, surely there are some others on this field.)

Regards
Gyula

[MeggerMan]

Hi Gyula,
I also tried the elnamagnetics.com website the other day and it worked, but now it appears to be down.
The google cached page still works but is of little use.

See this for MOSFET advice:
http://www.richieburnett.co.uk/mosfail.html

Its interesting about the gate current at high switching speeds being as high as an amp.
So the page recommends putting in your own back emf protection diodes (2 of them).
The bit about drive voltage is odd, I thought a mosfet gate voltage could not exceed 5volts let alone 10 - 15 volts.

Regards

Rob

[PaulLowrance]

mramos
100 KHz would a fine place to start. Although that frequency was used as an example to explain what is happening within the magnetic materials on the atomic scale.


Gyula
That's great news! Although their site being down is a prime example why a single source should not be relied upon when the "smoking gun" is released. The "smoking gun" will be easy to make and relatively inexpensive and highly effective in generating electricity, "free energy. "  Can you imagine the entire world trying to order a core from a single company, lol???

Method #2 requires extraordinarily high performance parts. Therefore I think Method #1 is the best starting point. BTW, the MEG uses Method #1.  Note that Method #1 as described in the wiki is simplified to describe what is happening within the magnetic materials. As stated, you can use a PM in Method #1.


Rob,
I'm curious, will you be using BUZ11 MOSFET's in your MEG replication?


Regards,
Paul Lowrance

[MeggerMan]

Hi Paul,
I have 3 x 2SK3594-01 MOSFETs rated at 200V and 30 Amps,on resistance 0.05R
Very good switching time. On + Rise time is 37ns and Off + fall is 70ns


I also have some 25 x IRFU3707 in I-PAK format.
These are rated at 30v and 60 Amps, on resistance 0.013R

On delay is 8.5ns and the rise time is 78ns, off delay 12ns and fall time 3.3ns.

I have picked these two for their switching speeds and on resistance.

The first set of MOSFETs I bought were to go with a 500Watt 0-55 0-55 v mains toroidal transformer for a variable output PSU, but should work well in the MEG circuit.  I am building a dual output 0 to 55V 4.5Amp PSU.
This is to charge the Joe Cell, I am also working on, to stage 3.
It needs about 100volts upwards to get a decent current to flow through the water.

Regards

Rob