Exploring Sonoluminescence : a discussion on "Simple" replication methods

[ramset]

Wesley
here it seems 27KHZ is used ? [28KHZ tunable seems close ??

also vessel size and water level can alter this a bit ?

Chet

[TinselKoala]

I'm afraid that  frequency of 28kHz is to low for sonoluminescence

Ah.... no.


Quoting from the UCSB pdf file that Wesley linked in Post #15 above, on Page 4 of the pdf:
And from the TeachSpin specifications of the system Wesley has purchased:

[stivep]

Yes you right  and you are not
Sonoluminescence is present in very low frequencies and very high  frequencies of ultrasound bandwidth.
Blades of ships and boats  rotates with different speed but damage shown on blades  of turbines is present with fast rotating turbines at most.

First we need to go to Cavitation:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavitation
1."Cavitation is the formation of vapour cavities in a liquid, small liquid-free zones ("bubbles" or "voids"), that are the consequence of forces acting upon the liquid. It usually occurs when a liquid is subjected to rapid changes of pressure that cause the formation of cavities in the liquid where the pressure is relatively low. When subjected to higher pressure, the voids implode and can generate an intense shock wave."

2."Non-inertial cavitation is the process in which a bubble in a fluid is forced to oscillate in size or shape due to some form of energy input, such as an acoustic field. Such cavitation is often employed in ultrasonic cleaning baths and can also be observed in pumps, propellers, etc."

3."Since the shock waves formed by collapse of the voids are strong enough to cause significant damage to moving parts, cavitation is usually an undesirable phenomenon. It is very often specifically avoided in the design of machines such as turbines or propellers, and eliminating cavitation is a major field in the study of fluid dynamics. However, it is sometimes useful and does not cause damage when the bubbles collapse away from machinery, such as in supercavitation."

4."Supercavitation is the use of cavitation effects to create a bubble of steam inside a liquid large enough to encompass an object travelling through the liquid, greatly reducing the skin friction drag on the object and enabling achievement of very high speeds"

5."A supercavitating object is a high speed submerged object that is designed to initiate a cavitation bubble at the nose which (either naturally or augmented with internally generated gas) extends past the aft end of the object, substantially reducing the skin friction drag that would be present if the sides of the object were in contact with the liquid in which the object is submerged. A key feature of the supercavitating object is the nose, which may be shaped as a flat disk or cone, and may be articulated, but which likely has a sharp edge around the perimeter behind which the cavitation bubble forms.<sup>[6]"
Note:That means we can control  the shape  of the buble.
Cavitation is one of elements of sonoluminescence


6.</sup> The shape of the object aft of the nose will generally be slender in order to stay within the limited diameter of the cavitation bubble. If the bubble is of insufficient length to encompass the object, especially at slower speeds, the bubble can be enlarged and extended by injection of high pressure gas near the object's nose^.[6]
Note:
a. the nose can be also the tip of sonoluminescence supporting  horn emitting ultrasound ,
b. the emitter of alpha beta gamma neutron.
- alpha and beta neutron are particles
- we need to explore  particles behavior in temperatures of 10 times the temperature of sun surface.
- we use for it  alpha beta gamma  natural emitters
- Neutron should be in form of thermal neutrons some Am241+ piece of beryllium foil + some plastic to slow neutrons.
c.https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/Cavitation_in_a_gear_pump.ogv/Cavitation_in_a_gear_pump.ogv.480p.webm
d. the nose of the horn can have most if not all of point b functions at once.!!


Note: we can see that cavitation  is possible in different  mediums including some oils .
Kapanadze- one of his devices called hydroelectric device . Word "hydro" stipulates water  as a medium but some additions to that fluid are possible


Legal Note:
Word "we" used here, does not reflects  any encouraging nor invitation, nor any form of suggestion , simple statement is- do not do it ever  do not play with it ever/ end of note.
non legal comment 



-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Evolution of Tariel Kapanadze device:
- was at first his prior to  his green box the device presented to ministry of finance of Turkey in presence of his future partners in business ( three high rank military officers) in just nearly formed TMZ.
-However  Tariel presentation to Shevardnadze
"Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, he was President of Georgia (or in equivalent posts) from 1992 to 2003. He was forced to retire in 2003 as a consequence of the bloodless Rose Revolution." and his electrical engineer  took place in one of abandoned after  soviet times  huge  warehouse.  and that one for the first time  was his hydroelectric  device. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduard_Shevardnadze.
-There is mix opinion about presentation to Mikheil Saakashvili
Mikheil Saakashvili ( He was the third President of Georgia for two consecutive terms from 25 January 2004 to 17 November 2013. From May 2015 until November 2016 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikheil_Saakashvili

My personal  conversation  with Tariel :
- All electricity in that Tbilisi  region was disconnected for the time of Tariel presentation by President  order.
- At that presentation  engineer assigned by President Office was documenting the device and all people involved  with camera operator I believe I can still  have contact with.   
- Tariel complained  about  President reaction  at first promising and very much encouraging   and than it looks like  President "cashed out" his "doing nothing"  big time. with "whoever" was  not happy about  it.
- Tariel  mentioned to me   some specifics  and he said that we have quote: different president now" (means   Mikheil Saakashvili)

Note: We may speculate  why Tariel  was not  eliminated  at that time .Well he was under strong protection  (some of them Turkish future TMZ guys )
At second  it was possibly not in favor of  the guy soon stepping  off-  presidency of Georgia, to bring attention to any "dead body" and activating all of the witnesses of  such  presentation , expecting now their piece of cake for their willingness  to  shut up.
And soon the power is no longer in president hands so is his wealth that he was able to accumulate during his time if  the news  goes to the public.
Till today Tariel remains very much unknown to Georgia.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Piezoelectric resonator - the horn
http://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/24193/intech-horn_type_piezoelectric_ultrasonic_transducer_modelling_and_applications.pdffrom the article you can learn more about designing  and properties  of the horn  including frequencies and modes of operation
Wesley

[TinselKoala]

Wesley, try and get a grip. I know you are excited but perhaps you could slow down and actually read some of the material you have linked to.

I linked two driver/transducer setups that are designed to operate at 28 kHz with high power. I pointed out that one system is tunable out of the box and the other could be tuned very easily by simple alterations of components on the driver board. In addition, the _correct_ frequency for SBSL is determined by the geometry of the cell, which can also be tuned.

You then claimed that 28 kHz was too low for sonoluminescence. This statement of yours is clearly wrong.

Then Chet and I both demonstrated that the commercial TeachSpin chamber and associated apparatus which you purchased was DESIGNED to operate at or near 27-28 kHz. The design frequency depends on the geometry of the chamber, which is sized so as to support a specific standing wave of a specific frequency: in this case 27 - 28 kHz. The power amplifier in the TeachSpin control box is optimized for this frequency range.

Furthermore, the transducers that I linked use the same kind of torodial piezoelectric elements as in the link you posted, but also incorporate the Front Mass and Back Mass and connecting terminals all assembled together. They come with a threaded hole in the Front Mass where a rod "Horn" may be easily attached, to make the full assembly for which you so kindly provided a diagram. You could make a horn transducer exactly equivalent to your missing TeachSpin transducer simply by cutting a solid aluminum or steel rod to the appropriate length, and threading one end to match the hole in the Front Mass.

Your information about cavitation and supercavitation is well known but only peripherally related to the phenomenon of single-bubble sonoluminescense. And whatever you may believe about Tariel Kapanadze, his work --if you can call it that-- is completely irrelevant to this topic. Do you really believe "All electricity in that Tbilisi region was disconnected for the time of Tariel presentation by President order" ? Then you should also explain how it is that his house lights were still lit.

But whatever, dude. Have fun with your new toys. I hope you can get some nice pictures of your tiny and expensive sonoluminescence bubble.


(And if you are wondering why you have to scroll right to read this post or find the "reply" etc buttons ... it is because "Somebody" posted an image up above that is TOO WIDE.)

[stivep]

I stated in my previous comment
that the answer is  yes and no.
I provided  an explanation why Yes and why no.
You just did not see it.
The main point is:
sonoluminescence is present in different frequencies of ultrasound band ( look at my post up)
I pointed that the most damage of turbines blades is present in fast rotating turbines where frequency of ultrasound ( supported by Wikipedia) is higher.

So by the fact that someone is satisfied with  plain bread and other wants to have full flavor of a diner we may say   You can drive sonoluminescence with 27kHz  and lower
but for these who want to  try  motor bike instead of bicycle  and be in wider control of their speed, there is whole world   around

With most of  the scientific literature I was able to see the most abandon topic is properties of   such reaction.
voltage
temperature  of the bubble is only approximated
pressure
photon emission
energy transfer
losses
acoustic impedance
delta T of the bubble ( life time)

....and so on


I do appreciate your criticism  however if you want to help  than please find me that Spanish article from above in English or just translate it for me.
With all do respect I haven't  been able to speak Spanish  nor having slight interest in understanding it.

http://www.ptolomeo.unam.mx:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/132.248.52.100/1003/MORALESROMERO.pdf?sequence=1
This one is in Spanish but this is marvels material if someone knows how to translate it into English it will help a lot
This one explains energy transfer mechanism  we are looking for based on processes inside single atom.

here is very old paper  about sonoluminescence:
http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/403347.pdf

And this article is very nice explanation of Two-frequency driven single-bubble sonoluminescence
http://www.dpi.physik.uni-goettingen.de/~robert/paper_pdf/JASA2f.pdf

In journal of modern physics: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.205.6108&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Abstract.
We   review recent attempts to  elucidate the   phenomenon of sonoluminescence in terms of  fundamental principles. We   focus mainly on the   processes which generate
the   light, but other relevant facts, such as the bubble dynamics, must also be  considered for the  understanding of  the physics involved. Our emphasis is on single
bubble sonoluminescence which in recent years has   received much attention, but  we also look at some of the   excellent work on  multiple bubble sonoluminescence and
its  spectral characteristics for  clues. The weakly ionized gas   models were recently studied most thoroughly and are remarkably successful when
combined with a hydrodynamic bubble model, in terms of  reproducing observed spectral shapes, intensities, optical pulse widths and   the dependencies
of these observables on the   experimental parameters. Other radiation models, such
as proton tunnelling
radiation
and the conned electron model,
were not combined with hydrodynamic models and/or have freely adjustable parameters so  that their relevance to sonoluminescence studies is at present less critically tested.


Wesley