The MAD MAX e-car

[lancaIV]

Studying numbers,theory and practizise (by experiments) :


rotoverter : motor with coupled generator ,conventional rated motor power / efficiency rate - generator gain


car-rotoverter principle : electric drive and brake energy recuperation


theory :


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regenerative_brake


The expected gain amounts to
https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/97eed872d31560cad28872b489ba02e4d074d471

The higher the recuperation efficiency, the higher the recuperation.
The higher the efficiency between the electric motor and the wheels, the higher the recuperation.
The higher the braking proportion, the higher the recuperation.
On motorways, this figure would be 3%, and in cities it would amount to 14%.


Experimental brake energy recuperation number :

https://www.greencarcongress.com/2005/04/reva_introduces.html
3 KWh from 12 KWh = 30%

We can double the generator efficiency !
We can double the motor efficiency = consume halfing !

(12 KWh /2) - (3 KWh x 2 )= 6 KWh consume - 6 KWh recuperation = Net Zero Energy Drive


Also posssible :


(12 KWh/10 ) - conventional 3 KWh recuperation gain = 1,8 KWh surplus per hour


This is the energetical base for the future "autonomous city drive vehicle" which drives unmanned ,
by legal 30 Km/h speed max. inner-city ,urban zone !




For city-kurier driver,not car but roller :


https://www.log9materials.com/two-wheeler.html


70 Km range x 10 = 700 Km range per battery charge


by legal 30 Km per hour inner-city = 700 Km/30 Km =


23,33 hours drive range


or 2000 Wh capacity/23,33 hours = net 100 W on-board generator for recharging


= endless/non-stop drive potential






Because only 100 W generator for battery recharging in need  https://geospatial.blogs.com/.a/6a00d83476d35153ef022ad3c0d118200b-popup would be wellcomed !


Alternatively :


https://patents.google.com/patent/FR2528257A1/en   "sleeper"-idea from 1982 ( Made in Algeria)


The device according to the invention can title used like any other source of energy and the power supply of any other electric auto-mobile.

Or auto-nomous mobile


Similar :


https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&II=12&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=20070201&CC=ES&NR=2265253A1&KC=A1


For spanish patent office engineers/peers a protection =grantable idea ,now free :


https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/inpadoc?CC=ES&NR=2265253B1&KC=B1&FT=D&ND=4&date=20080116&DB=EPODOC&locale=en_EP




Since 2002 often the basic idea publishing : 1.,3.,4.,13.,14.,15.,16.


https://worldwide.espacenet.com/searchResults?submitted=true&locale=en_EP&DB=EPODOC&ST=advanced&TI=&AB=&PN=&AP=&PR=&PD=&PA=tanaka+saburo&IN=&CPC=&IC=&Submit=Search




I am often "lust-ig aufgelegt" :




http://www.evalbum.com/314        Motor:         1500 W rated assuming 2021 conventional 1750 W peak consume per ? Km


Battery 12 V x 70 Ampére = 840 VA / 49 Km Range = 1715 VA per 100 Km  by assumed average 30 Km*h


x rated capacity DoD ? Lead normally 50% max. !


1750 W/10 = 175 W peak consume per 100 Km as cap-coil motor performance




But 1500 W is the rated motor power here    :

( based by https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&II=0&ND=4&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=19920416&CC=DE&NR=4031920A1&KC=A1 )

https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&II=0&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=20001207&CC=DE&NR=10011074A1&KC=A1


compared the early https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citicar electric motorization : 2,5 hp DC by lower tension !




with cap-coil e-motor and brake energy  recuperation ?


We are developping the REAL-WORLD autonomous drive vehicle,
                                     by real physical/technical and 24/365 street velocity controled speed need,


not over-powered and over-weight  and expensive chaiselongue-on-4-wheels


Tools from point A to point B


easy :
https://www.flickr.com/photos/mrscharroo/6285240557/in/photostream/
https://www.flickr.com/photos/mrscharroo/6285248279/in/photostream/
 
from the same Designer Paul Arzens ,1942, https://es-es.facebook.com/Paris.Insolite.Secret/videos/l%C5%93uf-%C3%A9lectrique-de-paul-arzens-%C3%A0-paris-en-1942/431610784093682/


5x 12 V a 250 Ah lead batteries,totally 300 Kg ,equipped ,70 Km*h peak,100 Km range


electric motor efficiency 1942 ? assuming peak 70% and average < 50%


original ic to electric conversion numbers,1959 :
https://www.renaultgroup.com/news-onair/actualites/henney-kilowatt-la-dauphine-electrique-americaine/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henney_Kilowatt
The 1959 models all ran on a 36-volt system of 18 two-volt batteries in series.
The 36-volt cars had a top speed of 40 miles per hour (64 km/h) and could run approximately 40 miles (64 km) on a full charge.


After the 36-volt system was realized to be impractical, the Kilowatt drivetrain was redesigned by Eureka Williams as a 72-volt system for the 1960 model year.
It employed 12 six-volt batteries in series. The 72-volt models were much more practical than the 1959 36-volt models.
The 1960 Kilowatt boasted a top speed of nearly 60 mph (97 km/h) with a range of over 60 miles (97 km) on a single charge.





many freaky non-/industrial ideas https://www.flickr.com/photos/mrscharroo/6254055384/in/photostream/


GM concept car 1969 https://www.flickr.com/photos/mrscharroo/6075724563/in/photostream/ could be the Citroen AMI  in early stage


https://www.citroen.pt/universo-da-marca-citroen/concept-cars/ami-one-concept.html




https://mymodernmet.com/ultramodern-zero-personal-helicopter/ technical data for performance improvement ? 


-2030- and beyond mobility design outlook : https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/465770786453828645/?d=t&mt=signup

[lancaIV]

https://worldwide.espacenet.com/searchResults?submitted=true&locale=en_EP&DB=EPODOC&ST=advanced&TI=&AB=&PN=&AP=&PR=&PD=&PA=tanaka+saburo&IN=&CPC=&IC=&Submit=Search


How cheap could such an inverter system become realized ,mass production condition ?


For off-grid house and car or as portable energy deliverer/source ?


inverter costs :


https://overunity.com/2606/electricity-saver/


http://www.powerguru.org/planar-transformers-are-essential-for-truly-efficient-electrichybrid-vehicles/

https://web.archive.org/web/20161008041359/http://www.powerguru.org/planar-transformers-are-essential-for-truly-efficient-electrichybrid-vehicles/

It is common for a 5kW planar transformer to cost in the region of   $23   nowadays,
and in volumes of 100k+ prices below   $10   per piece are easily achievable.

( Watt rated or Wattpeak ?)

lowest : 10 US$/5000 W = 1000 US$cents/5000 W = 0,002 US$/Wp




PV-on-grid inverter costs
https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy06osti/38771.pdf


for 2020 a production price estimation :     PV-grid inverter     0,10  US$/Wp




fifthy times different costs dependent also on-grid/off-grid quality minimum regulation ( clearly also input V and output V)






simple commercial price difference we see for example between " square wave inverter" and " Pure sine wave inverter"


https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332265514_Square_Wave_Inverters_-A_performance_Comparison_with_Pure_Sine_wave_Inverters

[lancaIV]

https://www.google.com/search?q=shell+eco+marathon+electric+mobile&rlz=1C1AVFC_enPT930PT930&oq=shell+eco+marathon+electric+mobile&aqs=chrome..69i57.12176j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

http://www.duke-ev.org/prototype-evolution


prototypes electric engine power


Nominal Motor Power: 75 W        Motor: 350W hub motor          Nominal motor power: 250W




1000 Km with 1 KWh battery load by 25 Km*h speed  = 25 W per hour drive consume




2 KWh battery capacity in 15 minutes loading ,means 8000 VA loader  https://www.log9materials.com/two-wheeler.html

200 Wh in 1,5 minutes,8000 VA or 200 Wh in 8 minutes,1500 VA conventional power outlet

20 Wh in   9 seconds,8000 VA   or 20 Wh in 48 seconds,1500 VA conventional power outlet


-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
from Duke-ev to




https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinclair_C5


Electric motor 250 W (0.34 hp) assuming with average 20 Km*h = 250 W/0,9 ( for 90% e-motor efficiency)/ 0,2 = 1400 Wh/100 Km



https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&II=1&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=19951107&CC=US&NR=5463914A&KC=A


by application and  1/10 less electric consume   -by given claim-    1400 Wh/10    =        140 Wh/100 Km


                                                                                                                      or            28W per hour


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https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=auto&tl=en&u=https://www.autozeitung.de/mega-test-die-100-sparsamsten-autos-verbrauchs-vergleich-66107.html


Supergasoline ic engine car : REAL-LIFE teste average 6 liter/100 Km


EVs convert over 77% of the electrical energy from the grid to power at the wheels.
Conventional gasoline vehicles only convert about 12%–30% of the energy stored in gasoline to power at the wheels.


77% of the electrical energy from the grid to power at the wheels ,from battery electrical energy to power at the wheels ?


Grid electricity to charger/battery charge losts ?

http://www.duke-ev.org/prototype-evolution  : Motor Controller to Wheel Efficiency: 86%




                 ic engine car power-to-wheel ratio/efficiency


https://www.greencarreports.com/news/1118534_fact-of-the-week-internal-combustion-cars-still-waste-70-to-88-percent-of-energy

This week, the DOE noted that of all the energy splashed into a conventional car's gas tank, only 12 to 30 percent actually goes to move the car down the road.


https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920309752


According to [5], typical values are 10%–13% on urban cycles and about 28% for highway cycles.



                electric drive car power-to-wheel ratio/efficiency


https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/evtech.shtml#:~:text=Energy%20efficient.,to%20power%20at%20the%20wheels.






13%  ic engine /77% electric motor  x 60 KWh (= 6 lt. gasoline) = 10,1 KWh  urban cycle


30%  ic engine /77% electric motor  x 60 KWh (= 6 lt. gasoline) = 23,4 KWh  highway cycle


                                                                             TARGET

                                                        10,1 KWh  urban cycle "average heavy" city cars


                    less consume,weight                                                                              brake energy recuperation


https://www.voanews.com/silicon-valley-technology/can-better-electric-motor-save-planet

                  10,1 KWh to +- 5 KWh/100 Km                                                                from 3 KWh to 5 KWh improved generator /100 Km





                                                                5 KWh consume - 5 KWh recuperation


                                                                             = NET ZERO


               capacitive cycle motor


                1 KWh consume                                                                              unmodified conventional generator : 3 KWh recuperation


             


              power-capacity-and-power-capability comparison  between batteries and capacitors and active/reactive re-/charge time !

[lancaIV]

Lavenami,Electrilite,esoro,Garwood super electric car :


but https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Arzens https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Paul_Arzens_Oeuf.JPG/800px-Paul_Arzens_Oeuf.JPG


comes the basic idea nearest !


With a total weight of less than 800 pounds, the Electric Egg boasted a range of 63 miles and a top speed of 44 M.P.H., respectable performance compared to the few alternatives available at the time.


https://www.hotcars.com/a-detailed-look-back-at-the-loeuf-electrique-concept-car/


The body of the L'Oeuf Electrique Concept Car weighed in at just 66 lbs. which clearly made it a tippity-toe car!


Adding the electric motor bumped up its weight to 198.4 lbs. and it was only after the battery pack was added that the total weight came up to 771 lbs.


It clearly was one of the lightest road-going cars made. The major reason for its extremely lightweight layout was an aluminum shell with plexiglass covering almost more than half of the exterior. Arzens clearly loved to pick his Electric Egg up!




66 lbs or 30 Kg the car body


132,4 lbs  or 60 Kg ( 198,4 lbs -66 lbs ) the electric motor


572,6 lbs or 260 Kg the batteries , 5 x 12 V x 250 Ah = 15 000 VAh , DoD !




Totally  350 Kg the  WW2-era  40´version




                                                               2021 ?


66 lbs or 30 Kg the car body


max.      20 Kg the electric motor, permanent magnets

f.e.        Scooter version, 5 KW :     http://www.schillergy.com/pdf/schiller-energy.pdf




the batteries weight : for 15 000 VAh ,with 80%+ DoD


             120 Kg   125 Wh/Kg


               75 Kg   200 Wh/Kg 

https://www.greencarcongress.com/2021/07/20210730-catl.html

               60 Kg   250 Wh/Kg

https://chargedevs.com/newswire/24m-surpasses-250-wh-kg-on-the-road-to-400/

               30 Kg   500 Wh/Kg

https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/650_whkg_1400_whl_recharg_batt_new_era_elect_mobility_ymikhaylik_0.pdf

               15 Kg 1000 Wh/Kg 


https://innolith.com/de/innovative-energietechnologie-von-innolith-ermoglicht-fahrzeugbatterien-fur-ev-reichweiten-von-1000-km/
https://insideevs.com/news/343771/innolith-claims-its-on-path-to-1000-wh-kg-battery-energy-density/




          An hundred-twenty-five Kilogram (200Wh/Kg+ battery )


                                    to hundred Kilogram(300 Wh/Kg+ battery) city-car ?








Electric motor power,RPM ?


https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27%C5%92uf_%C3%A9lectrique

Motorisation[modifier | modifier le code]Pour contourner le rationnement de carburant durant l'occupation de la France par l'Allemagne pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, Paul Arzens motorise son véhicule avec un moteur électrique alimenté par cinq batteries de 300 kg, de 12 volts et 250 Ah, situées sous la banquette, pour une vitesse de pointe de 70 km/h, et une autonomie de 100 km3. Il remplace le moteur électrique à la fin de la guerre, par un moteur à essence monocylindre Peugeot de 125 cm3 et 5,5 ch, pour une vitesse de pointe de 80 km/h4.


5,5 hp  x 0,745 are +  - 4,1 KW  as IC engine powered version ,  by then 80 Km/h instead 70 Km/h peak as electric version !


As ic version less battery weight !



15 000 VAh nominal capacity X 50% DoD lead battery x 50% electric motor (1940) average efficiency = 3750 VAh available net power


60 miles range are +- 106 Km,so we can assume it was a nominal  ( 70 Km/h  peak velocity /106 Km range) x 3750 VA =


                                                            2,5 KW rated  electric motor


"learning by doing" and/or "learning by (others their) experience" :


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[lancaIV]

https://www.ina.fr/video/I14267037 time-sequence 0:28 to 0:30 the weight/movement car/driver relation by car leaving


The known problem as "Elk-teste" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OXs1Bc489V4      MB Model A and Smart car

Elk or playing kids or unfocused people in the city streets !


Decreasing weight changes car/road,car/driver and car/speed physical parameters !


350 Kg/ 75 Kg driver(f./m.) weight ratio     to    125-100 Kg car weight/75 Kg weight ratio and by same car hight/road ratio and speed  !


Instead hard-top body change to inflatable soft-top "bubble/sphere",an average 2 hours daily mobile use reduce related 24 hours blower use as shelter the blower electric consume !


When 1300 W by 29 sqm area - improved - for given car volume the blower consume per hour to 10 W reduceable !


"open space" mobile with anti-wind/rain/flying objects safety !






That 30 Km/h city speed max car does not need a great electric motor power number, reference :




https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_F-Cell_Roadster


It has an electric motor powered ( by a fuel cell located ) at the rear of a power of 1.2 kW (1.63 hp).


It has a low top speed of 25 km/h (16 mph) and can achieve an operating range of 350 km (217 mi).


Roadster weight (net):


https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=auto&tl=en&u=https://www.autowallpaper.de/hersteller/mercedes-benz/mercedes-f-cell-roadster-concept.html


Materials such as carbon, aluminum, plexiglass, glass and carbon fiber make the Roadster a flyweight of 350 kg.


  " .....  The F-CELL Roadster is controlled using drive-by-wire technology and has a joystick instead of a steering wheel. ...."




                         Arzens aluminum, plexiglass  L´OEUF : with joystick instead of a steering wheel ?




  25 Km/h   top            1,2 KW   MB F-Cell Roadster


  40 Km/h   top            1,5 KW   12 Volt  weight ? http://www.evalbum.com/314


120 Km/h+ top            1,5 KW   230 Volt/50 Hz conventional gasoline car ( with ic engine 800 Kg+ ) to electric modification


https://worldwide.espacenet.com/patent/search/family/007633831/publication/DE10011074A1?q=pn%3DDE10011074A1


  when 2 KW/Kg by 48 Volt DC  and 10 KW/Kg by 400 Volt AC how heavy becomes an 1,5 KW 230 Volt AC  4000 RPM electric motor ?


                                                 http://www.schillergy.com/pdf/schiller-energy.pdf