Room Temperature Supercondutor developed from Pb & Cu

[Jimboot]

Full paper. chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://arxiv.org/pdf/2307.12008.pdf


The document titled "The First Room-Temperature Ambient-Pressure Superconductor" by Sukbae Lee, Ji-Hoon Kim, and Young-Wan Kwon from the Quantum Energy Research Centre, Inc. and the KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, describes the synthesis of a room-temperature superconductor, LK-99, which works at ambient pressure.
Here is a summary of the process: LK-99 is described as having a modified lead-apatite structure.
The superconductivity of LK-99 is not derived from external factors such as temperature and pressure, but from a minute structural distortion caused by a slight volume shrinkage (0.48%).
This shrinkage is caused by the substitution of Cu2+ ions for Pb2+ ions in the insulating network of Pb2-phosphate. This generates stress and concurrently transfers to Pb(1) of the cylindrical column, resulting in distortion of the cylindrical column interface.
This process creates superconducting quantum wells (SQWs) in the interface.
Heat capacity results indicated that this new model is suitable for explaining the superconductivity of LK-99.
The unique structure of LK-99 that allows the minute distorted structure to be maintained in the interfaces is the most important factor that LK-99 maintains and exhibits superconductivity at room temperatures and ambient pressure.
To validate the superconductivity of LK-99, various tests were carried out such as measuring the critical temperature (Tc), zero-resistivity, critical current (Ic), critical magnetic field (Hc), and observing the Meissner effect. Above summary of the process provided by ChatGPT Code Interpreter.

Members here Gotoluc & Tinman have shown what is possible if we had such a tech. Get the tools out.

[Jimboot]

I asked CI for more details on the manufacturing process.



The document does mention the synthesis of LK-99. Specifically, Ji-Hoon Kim is credited with the main responsibility for the synthesis of LK-99 and is said to have developed the synthetic method of LK-99 through the study of reaction mechanisms and X-ray diffraction (XRD) data analysis. However, the document does not go into detail about the specifics of the manufacturing process.


It's worth noting that, in scientific research, initial lab-scale synthesis of a new material is often a complex process that may not be directly scalable to industrial production. Transitioning from lab-scale synthesis to large-scale industrial production can involve significant technical challenges, and may require new processes and equipment, all of which can take considerable time and investment.
In addition, while the primary elements used, Pb and Cu, are not rare or exotic, their specific arrangement and the process to achieve the LK-99 structure could still pose challenges. The document mentions that the superconductivity of LK-99 originates from a minute structural distortion caused by a slight volume shrinkage, which is achieved through the substitution of Cu2+ ions for Pb2+ ions in the insulating network of Pb2-phosphate. This implies a level of precision that may be difficult to achieve consistently at an industrial scale.
To fully understand the potential challenges and feasibility of adopting this technology in industry, more detailed information about the manufacturing process and material properties of LK-99 would be needed.

[Jimboot]

There is some disussion that they are possibly observing diamagnetism I asked CI about the paper in this context.





the debate between superconductivity and diamagnetism typically revolves around several key experimental findings.


Superconductivity is a quantum mechanical phenomenon where a material can conduct electric current with zero electrical resistance. This usually occurs at very low temperatures. Key evidence for superconductivity includes the observation of zero electrical resistance and the expulsion of magnetic fields from the material (a phenomenon known as the Meissner effect).


Diamagnetism, on the other hand, is a type of magnetism where a material becomes magnetized in opposition to an applied magnetic field, and thus, the material is repelled by the magnetic field. All materials display some diamagnetism, but in superconductors, the diamagnetic response is strong enough to completely cancel out external magnetic fields, leading to the Meissner effect.


In the paper, the authors claim to observe several key indicators of superconductivity in LK-99:


Zero electrical resistance
A critical temperature (Tc) below which superconductivity occurs
A critical current (Ic) above which superconductivity is destroyed
A critical magnetic field (Hc) above which superconductivity is destroyed
The Meissner effect
Critics who suggest that the observed phenomena could be explained by diamagnetism might argue that the observed zero resistance and Meissner effect are not definitive proof of superconductivity and could be caused by other phenomena.


To determine whether the material is truly superconducting, more specific tests could be performed. For example, a type of experiment known as muon spin rotation (µSR) could be used to detect the spontaneous magnetic fields within a superconductor that are indicative of the Cooper pairs of electrons that are a hallmark of superconductivity.

[ramset]

broli shared an open source live stream replication attempt
https://www.overunityresearch.com/index.php?topic=4490.msg105911;topicseen#msg105911

broli
Quote
There is a live stream of a replication attempt from Andrew who is an Engineer:https://www.twitch.tv/andrewmccalip
And here is the guys twitter page:https://twitter.com/andrewmccalip

QuotePSA
. This is all for fun. We're a few enthusiastic engineers doing this as a hobby project, we just want to see the rocks float.   We support the real scientists around the world that are executing the proper methods of evaluation and publishing.

[seychelles]

SUPER GREAT NEWS.