Emulsifying Brown's Gas

[goldenequity]

[goldenequity]

A Review of the Arnold Feuerman Patent

Here is a described recipe and formula for creating an inverted emulsion (water-in-oil). 
It surprisingly produces a â€Ã...“clearâ€Ã, (rather than a â€Ã...“milkyâ€Ã,) emulsion of gasoline and water and has worked successfully for the inventor on mixes up to 22% water. 

Besides being a clear emulsion, benefits are the simplicity and ease of mixing as the compatibility of the 2 surfactant types used, provide the normally incompatible liquids, complete disbursement and total miscibility, and in addition, only fractional amounts of the 2 nonionic surfactants are required.

This single document attempts to provide the reader all the information necessary to identify and acquire the necessary chemistry to create and test the emulsion recipe and to perform tests to develop the emulsion for their own use in creating and combusting the emulsion fuels in their own automobiles for testing.  It should be tested with diesel and home heating oil and should be amenable to most if not all hydrocarbon fuels.

The 1975 United States Patent 4158551 claims the 22% water-in-gasoline fuel combusted properly with no modifications (at that time) to the test engine; and further demonstrated an increase of 25% in fuel economy.

Needed, are 2 chemicals commonly used by manufacturers and found among the ingredients listed in many common household and industry products.
They are (both) nonionic surfactants; unregulated and obtainable; and are both required for this rather flexible formula for emulsifying water and gasoline.

1.   Cocamide DEA
      **used in tests was trade name CALAMIDE C made by Pilot Chemical Company and VARAMIDE MA-1
     made by Ashland Oil.
     Generic Cocamide DEA is easy to obtain and available in 1gallon/5 gallon/55 gallon amounts.
     A quick search found an available suppliers at the following links:
     http://www.chemistrystore.com/cart.cgi?group=49899&child=49909
     http://stores.ebay.com/The-Chemistry-Connection_Surfactants-Emulsifiers_W0QQcolZ2QQdirZ1QQfsubZ7QQftidZ2QQpZ3QQtZkm
        **many "sample" sizes of various surfactant/emulsifiers here
Below Attached is a list of the various Trade Names of the various Cocamide DEA formulas on the market.

2.  An EthOxylated NonylPhenol
     There are many trade names and formula derivatives of this broad based nonionic surfactant;
     all or many may work as well as another.
     The 3 different formulas used were of the Ethoxylated alkylphenol derivative variety and all worked.
     All formulas had different Molar concentrations of Ethylene Oxide to NonyPhenol; and all variations worked.

     It should be noted only Ethoxylated alkylphenol formulas were used in the patent testing and are listed as:
      **VARONIC N30-7 and VARONIC N-6 made by Ashland Oil and IGEPAL CO210 made by GAF Corporation.
Below Attached is a list of the various Trade Names of the various EthOxylated NonylPhenol formulas on the market.

It is pointed out by this writer, that all or many of these common nonionic surfactants may work (especially of the Ethoxylated alkylphenol varieties) and that those used by the inventors were merely readily available at the time.

The following various methods demonstrate the flexibility in creating the emulsion:

1 ml. of IGEPAL CO530 and 1 ml. of CALAMIDE C were poured into 78 ml. of gasoline and then 20 ml. of tap water was added. A slight shaking of the container formed a clear emulsion.
The gasoline-water emulsion of the present invention can be readily formed by adding the surfactants to the gasoline and then introducing tap water. No prior stirring between the gasoline and surfactants is required,

1.5 ml. of IGEPAL CO210 was added to 82 ml. of gasoline in a beaker. 1.5 ml. of CALAMIDE C was added and 15 ml. of water. A gentle shaking of the beaker produced a clear emulsion of the gasoline in the water.

3.5 ml. of VARONIC N30-7 and 3.5 ml. of VARAMIDE MA-1 were mixed with 70.5 ml. of gasoline and 22.5 ml. of water.

2 ml. of VARONIC N-6 was poured into a beaker containing 88 ml. of gasoline. 10 ml. of tap water were added and emulsified into the gasoline by gently shaking the beaker.

[goldenequity]

Here is a comprehensive list of Ethyloxylated NonyPhenol  and Cocamide DEA surfactants
of various trade names and molar concentrations that are in the market place and manufactured
by various chemical companies like Pilot Chemical, Ashland and many, many others...... check for samples!

Generic Cocamide DEA is easily obtained here.... they have many common soap/shampoo surfactants in sample sizes
http://stores.ebay.com/The-Chemistry-Connection_Surfactants-Emulsifiers_W0QQcolZ2QQdirZ1QQfsubZ7QQftidZ2QQpZ3QQtZkm

Obtaining EthylOxylates will most likely have to be from Chemical Companies but there's lots.
If you find a company that seems willing to sample/help with suggestions for diesel fuel.... let everybody know!! 

Also.... as per Luc's suggestion regarding GOOP hand soap... emulsifier.... why not? It more than likely has an ethyloxylated nonyphenol in it... I like the cocamide DEA as well.... it's concentrated, it emulsifies and foams.... and it is relatively cheap.
Look around locally.... there are many folks into soap making as a hobby and there may be local supply for pickup & save shipping.

[gotoluc]

Also.... as per Luc's suggestion regarding GOOP hand soap... emulsifier.... why not? It more than likely has an ethyloxylated nonyphenol in it... I like the cocamide DEA as well.... it's concentrated, it emulsifies and foams.... and it is relatively cheap.
Look around locally.... there are many folks into soap making as a hobby and there may be local supply for pickup & save shipping.

Hi goldenequity,

thanks for all this great research, most of it is way past my ... but it looks great.

The product I mention is called Gunk... it's a automotive engine degrease and interestingly it looks and smell like Kerosene and turns white when you use water to remove the now mixed Gunk and oil off the engine.

Keep up the great work

Luc

[goldenequity]

Yeah.... I know.... it's a whole nuther world... and the LAST thing I want
to do is freak anybody out about all this surfactant stuff.... we've really got
it very simple and basic up to this point and I absolutely want keep it that way.

There's only 2 ingredients needed from the patent:
Cocamide DEA (in many shampoos)
and
an EthylOxylated AlkaPhenol (I don't think it matters which one.... there are lots... it's an OH Alcohol)

Will something else "off the shelf" on "under the cabinet" work?
You never know ...... until you find out.

Remember the first patent said there were "hundreds"..... they used one of the sulfates (these are anionic surfactants).
Ever heard of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate? Sure you have.... it's on the back of your shampoo as well! 
Sodium Carbonate/Potassium Carbonate have surfactant qualities as well.  Castor Oil may work.
People will just have to experiment and see what works..... and report failures or successes so we can all learn together!
Cheers 2 All!