The Master Of Magnetics "Steven Mark"

[gn0stik]

I think you may be right about the iron wire. This device has been about using the the supposed negative factors of electronics to the benefit of the device. In the case of iron we're using it's higher resistance to cause a slower relaxation time.

I think this may be the key to controlling the overheating problem too. Even though we arent even close to this point yet. Fine tuning this material might be beneficial, finding the perfect relaxation time by trying different conductive wires would create a balance between the number of kicks generated, and how much heat the device puts off. I'm heading out the door right now, so this might not make sense.

At any rate, steel wire, siSteel wire, etc etc. might be beneficial to the device once we get to the point of making it work.

I still can't figure out if he ever insulated the bailiing wire before putting it in the device or not. I assume he did, but there's a lot of unconventional stuff about the tpu.

[bob.diroto]

I think that Steven is not using one of the iron wires as a conductor.

Could you explain your thinking/reasoning on this a bit more ?

Are you saying he is using it as a conductor but is also using it as say a collector tube.
Or
Are you saying he is not using it as a conductor at all ?

Cheers

[bob.diroto]

I know you really want to understand how the very first kick was generated, and if we understood this it would obviously help us to understand the device. But we do know that kicks are required. So at this stage using a battery to generate the first kick and create an avalanche of kicks would be fine by me.

Your right, I have been trying to figure this all out based on the whole magnet thing.

The whole fact that taking a magnet off stops the device from working.

Perhaps part of his kick generation circuitry relies on a small iron core transformer which needs to be semi saturated. A saturated core will generate plenty of higher frequency harmonics. By only being semi saturated, the saturation will only occur during high voltage peaks, thus clustering the harmonics ? If you somehow wrap the input to the output perhaps the effect is higher and higher harmonics. Perhaps even having harmonics in the gigahertz territory, which would then make sense of his comment that the circumference is linked to the frequency, as the wavelength of a gigahertz wave is a few inches as opposed to hundreds of feet.

Take the magnets off and the core doesn't saturate as much and the harmonics die down.

[bob.diroto]

As you know I haven't got past the stage of being to produce collectable kicks. So I went back to basics and reviewed the physical and electrical characteristic differences between copper and iron/baling wire. Of which relaxation time was one characteristic...

which lead to this:

"First, suppose the input potential is instantaneously applied across a conducting pair connected to a load, so that a difference of potential exists around the external circuit. The electrons cannot respond immediately, so for just a moment the potential flows freely down the circuit, without any electron current. Then the electrons start to move, overshoot a bit as they accelerate, then oscillate back and forth a bit.

Also, recall that electrons move longitudinal down the wire only with a drift velocity -- typically a few inches per hour. Most of the electron movement is laterally in the wire.

But for all this to get started after that instantaneous application of potential, the time delay occurs -- and a certain measure of that is known as "relaxation time".

Unfortunately, in a copper conductor it is so short a time that essentially one can make little or no use of the fact that the potential energy of the circuit can be freely changed without work (i.e., simply "regauged") while the electrons are not yet moving. So for normal copper conductors, one can forget it for any power applications.

On the other hand, something like an alloy of 1% Fe in the copper, as an alloy, has a relaxation time that can reach a millisecond. So that is plenty of time for the potential, moving through space outside the wire, to move an appreciable distance along the wire, changing much of the potential energy of the circuit "for free"...
http://www.cheniere.org/correspondence/030304.htm

That to me is the essence of the kick ?
I also looked up the relaxation time of iron, guess what, the relaxation time of iron is 6.5 times longer than copper.

This explains relaxation time:
http://local.eleceng.uct.ac.za/Courses/EEE355F/lecture_notes/Chapter_5.7_relaxation_time.pdf

Longer relaxation times go to metals with lower levels of conductivity which leads to this table here:
http://www.wisetool.com/designation/cond.htm

Note that lead, steel, iron and titanium all have much lower conductivity than copper.

In short the iron wire MUST be used for the kick generation coils as well as the collector coils.

Which leads to another question anyone got a source for insulated iron wire ?
OR
Are these coils wound with uninsulated iron wire but not closely spaced? I would imagine high voltage spark over would mean we would have to have insulated iron wire ?

Bob, didn't you see my post a while back on this??

Seems you missed it entirely!!!

LOL

I don't think the Iron Wire had much to do with the effect, it was just convenient material at the time. Perhaps I'm wrong though, Iron would have the effect of retaining some of it's magnetic properties when charge was absent during pulses. This, in most applications would be undesirable. But in perhaps the "worst case scenario" applies to this as well. As Bob said we can try it both ways in the experiments. However, if it is beneficial, I doubt we'll see any benefits of it, until we've got some coils wound.

Having looked up baling wire myself, it appears it's most common form is galvanized steel or black annealed steel.

Looking up the resistivity of steel, it is at least 10 times as much as copper. Why is this of any importance?

Well, if you are sending a sharp pulse down this baling wire as opposed to copper, the pulse will find much more resisitance to flow than through the copper wire and allow you a little more time to STOP THE PULSE before it gets too far down the wire.

Just a thought, just something I noticed is all, who knows if Steven in intended this or not......


*As a side note, Stan Meyer used Stainless Steel wire in his pulsing unit to 'restrict amp flow' to his 'water capacitor'--According to his large technical brief....

Electricity doesn't travel any slower based on resistance.

What I meant to portray was the electron gas relaxtion time difference from copper as opposed to steel.

In steel the electron gas relaxation time is longer, and hence, when electricity is first applied to the wire, it takes longer for the electrons to START to propagate down the wire, as opposed to copper.

This would mean, any material that has a longer electron gas relaxation time will be better to use as the KICK GENERATING WIRE.

http://www.ece.mcmaster.ca/faculty/nikolova/EM_downloads/LectureNotes/Lecture13.pdf

Consider an isolated conductor whose initial total charge is
zero. If it comes into a contact with charged source, it will
accumulate charge. The Coulombic forces due to the excess
charge in the conductor?s volume will push the highly mobile
charged particles away from each other until they reach the
conductor?s surface. They will accumulate there because they
cannot leave the surface. In a perfect conductor (which is an
idealized case), this process happens immediately. In real
good conductors, it takes some finite time, typically 10^-19 s.
This process is called charge relaxation, and the time
required for its completion is called relaxation time. We will
now give a more rigorous definition of the relaxation time.

http://jnaudin.free.fr/html/tbfrenrg.htm

when a Source ( a dipole ) is connected to a resistive load, the most important part of the principle is the information transfered to the load at the speed of light by the S-Flow. The S-Flow is pure EM energy which flows through the space and outside the conductor. This energy is Free and only this part must be used as a "free lunch". Just after this very short time, after that the switch is closed ( the transient phase ), the current begins to flow in the circuit. This transient phase is named the Relaxation Time. In copper, the relaxation time is incredibly rapid, it's about 1.5 x 10-19 sec. When the current flows ( the permanent phase ), the circuit consumes power from the Source and dissipates energy by Joule's Effet, this phase must not be used in our case.

I ONLY refereneced that source to EXPLAIN what I meant about the difference in using copper as opposed to steel for our KICK generation wire, don't get lost in what the articles say.

Tao, you are so right!

I do remember reading your posts and the articles but the significance at the time went right over my head.

[hartiberlin]

Again: Steven is telling us in the video, that HE IS USING  BAILING (IRON) WIRE,
so don?t confuse other people by telling, he is not using it, please !

The interesting part will be, what happens, if you
put a current through iron wire, that is alreday magnetized
by a permanent magnet almost at the point, where it
toggles the Barkhausen spikes back and forth.

Normally you do this with a iron core with a copper
coil wound around it to see the Barkhausen jumps...

Now if the iron core is also a coil and the Barkhausen
jumps superimpose the current put through to it,
it could probably feedback to another coil and
start selfoscillate and increase the amplitude
so it will wind higher and higher..