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[elgersmad]

All these simulator issues if resolved really only solve one problem with simulations compared to actual circuits.  The problem of finding the right values of capacitance to tune a group of transformers' primaries to the same frequency and coupling them output to input in several stages as in the schematic.  Normally, you'd tune the output stage, measure the impedance, replace the last stage with a substitute resistor of that value, tune the stage before the output, then hook those two up.  Inject a single to the two tuned stages, measure the impedance, replace that with a substitute resistor, then tune the stage before the two that were tuned.  Then getting them all precision tuned to the same frequency is possible, and once done will operate well over unity.  But, unless the simulator is operating right, you cannot do this without physically doing the latter mentioned in this message.  Then you'll find out that the simulator isn't using the same values of capacitance to zero in on the same frequency.

[elgersmad]

I believe that this article shows how and why my muscle circuit really winds up over unity.

Nonlinear Magnetic Transmission Lines/Metglas Pulse Shapers

The collapsing magnetic field that takes place in the core of an inductor or transformer is faster than the build up of magnetic lines when a pulse is applied.  As a result, self inductance actually pushes a few more electrons in the same direction at a higher energy level.  If you look at the pulse, the frequency is higher stage per stage.  If you look at my circuit, every stage is tuned to the same frequency.  The result is that at resonance the capacitors over fill after several cycles, so the first stage actually pushes a little more energy into the second stage, and the second stages pushes even more energy into the third.  As long as Q is high for every stage, it all adds up.

In modeling inductors, I believe that the reason why the inductance of the secondary changes, is that when the current is induced in the secondary it first breaks the magnetic circuit following Faraday's law of induction or Lenz law of equal but opposite force.  The more you draw from the secondary, the lower the inductance of the primary.  Second, the induced voltage on the secondary, uses part of the core to produce opposing magnetic lines due to the current flow in those coils.  THis uses part of the core and the magnetic circuit to produce magnetic lines that oppose the primary's magnetic field making north face north, and south face south.

So, no matter what the material, a better core would be in L shaped sections, and gapped in four places to produce what would appear to be a U core.  That would make L1 and L2, or the primary and the secondary adjustable values of inductance by adjusting the gap under the winding bobbins.  Then it would give you a value of inductance to work with that wouldn't change by so much because, of the two gaps between the the two windings.  It prevents one side of the core and windings from opposing the production of more magnetic lines.  Smaller slugs and the gapping would allow for a high resonant operating frequency as well.  It would be noisier as far as RF noise from the circuit.  But, the advantage of a higher operating frequency from a larger core is there.

[Kator01]

Hello elgersmad,

being from germany I have a problem to understand the term phelonic toroid-core ( air-stepup-transformer ). Can you show me a picture of how such a core looks like ?

Then the next question would be : How is the coupling of this phelonic-secondary done (in practical means) to K2 ?
By direct galvanic coupling ?

In your first post you talk about two iron-powder-cores ( yellow and white ) but in the circuit-diagramm i can spot only one iron-core.

Is there a chance that your add the cores so I can get a better idea of  what the real physical setup looks like.
Up until now there is much descriptions but I miss a pic of the physical arrangement. Since you claimed that you have already build such a device why not show the community here how this is done ?

Regards

Kator01

[elgersmad]

Hello elgersmad,

being from germany I have a problem to understand the term phelonic toroid-core ( air-stepup-transformer ). Can you show me a picture of how such a core looks like ?

Then the next question would be : How is the coupling of this phelonic-secondary done (in practical means) to K2 ?
By direct galvanic coupling ?

In your first post you talk about two iron-powder-cores ( yellow and white ) but in the circuit-diagramm i can spot only one iron-core.

Is there a chance that your add the cores so I can get a better idea of  what the real physical setup looks like.
Up until now there is much descriptions but I miss a pic of the physical arrangement. Since you claimed that you have already build such a device why not show the community here how this is done ?

Regards

Kator01

Phenolic Core is basically just a cardboard tube held together with a resin.  For Toroids it doesn't work out unless the core has some permeability, and that would keep it from being Phenolic.  Usually, it just looks like a Tesla Coil, or an AutoTransformer.  Unless there are two complete layers of wire, you usually won't see a phenolic toroid.  It may look like one set of windings on a cardboard tube, with a second set of windings and a second piece of wire used as a primary or secondary.  It may be one continous winding, that is tapped, similar to a center tap but it may be offset to a winding ratio like 1:10 or 10:1.

Special Transformers

I don't feel like drawing a picture of a piece of pipe.

[elgersmad]

Leakage Inductance

Even though using models of this sort does work out close in most cases, it's not the right result for designing resonant primary systems.  The leakage inductance, is the lowest value of inductance that your core will reach.  Then there is the highest.  From what I've been seeing, that would be Lp Min, and Lp Max would be measured with the secondary open.  Just like we use a model for saturation and BH curve matching, we need another equation to model this properly.  It is a linear response, and Lp Min in Henrys or the leakage inductance is about where your transformer winds up when the secondary is shorted, L Min, should change and work towards L Max in Henrys as the load increases.  I'm going to sit down with a transformer and inductance meter and potentiometer and work on my spice model for awhile.  I just need to use a volt meter and an ampere meter to calculate reflected impedance and convert it inductance at that frequency, making it dependant on the frequency of the source, just reverse the equation V=L*(di/dt) to find L.  THen Leakage is right for the model, and Mutual, is the same variable that it always was in an analog, and L can never be greater than L Max.

Then the model should match a real transformer by enough to be within a couple decimal places of an actual capacitors value required for the circuit compared to the simulator.  Just making it easier to buy the right parts in the first place or on the first try.  You'll still need the vacuum tuning capacitors to fine tune it anyway.  But, you'll be close enough to have all of the right parts the first time, or I will be.

In the spice model, it would mean getting ride of the series inductor in the transformer model for an inductor that was parallel to the ideal transformer that never dropped below the leakage value of inductance, and can rise higher than that pending upon the voltage and current of the output, keeping in mind the turn ratio in that equation.  Not only that since Inductance is ideal and the winding resistance added in as a value of resistor in the model, just what won't change doesn't.  Q will change as the inductance of the primary does as does in a real circuit.  Where L in henrys changes but the winding resistance and lenght of copper wire doesn't.