Wireless energy transfer experiments ,Builders board

[r2fpl]

I did not say you can't send power through one wire.
What I said is, the establishment (teachings) of Electronic or Electrical Engineering says current must have a return path.
There's is no exception to the teachings.
So if you are a graduated EE like poynt99 or the retired EE & Physicist that visits the lab where I do experiments, you would be looking to explain how the current path is completed.

Poynt99 hypothesized that the current return path was completed through the ground (wireless) all the way to the top capacitance of the Tesla coils.

The retired EE & Physicist first hypothesized the current return path was completed through the air (like radio transmissions)

Each engineer will have their own version or explanation of how the current return path is completed but note none of them will consider it's all done through one wire since that's contrary to their teachings.

I have no problem believing efficient high power one wire transmission is possible, since I have not been trained by the establishment.
But for those that have, they will not surrender until they find how the current path is completed.

I had no idea of the EE teachings on this subject had no exceptions until the retired EE & Physicist told me about it.
So I'm sharing it because many experimenters here are not EE let alone Physicists and may assume one wire power transmission to be commonly excepted.

Regards
Luc

The explanation is probably very simple. This is an electron jump and alignment between + and - except that the potential difference relative to mass (earth) is constantly generated.
Does light or sound; (wave) have to return to the source?

Energy transfer using the TT coil has more than two possibilities.

[stivep]

I did not say you can't send power through one wire.
What I said is, the establishment (teachings) of Electronic or Electrical Engineering says current must have a return path.
There's is no exception to the teachings.
Regards
Luc

simple answer:
in our case  and in your recent experiment:
EM (_{Electro-Magnetic)} Electromagnetic wave  doesn't need closed loop  nor cares about it. 
This type  of phenomena is related to EM  and NOT  to   electrical circuit  and its laws. 
more of it is here.
https://overunity.com/18335/wireless-energy-transfer-experiments-builders-board/msg539371/#msg539371
Wesley

[gyulasun]

Since we are not dealing with a clean sine wave in both cases the scope averages the frequency based on the wave form shape. The very small difference in frequency the scope displays may not at all be a real change in frequency from the circuit but from a small change in the sine wave shape. Look closely at each wave shape and I'm quite sure you will see a small difference and hence the change.
I'm use to seeing these small digital artifacts affect the frequency data on a digital scope and why I ignored the digits below 1.1Mhz
I'm very confident the transmitter coil is locked at the same resonating frequency in both cases.

...

Hi Luc,

Yes, that is okay what you say on the digital scope frequency measurement when the measured signal is not fully 'clean'. I mentioned the 10 kHz difference because it can steadily be seen at the second decimal places: 1.147 MHz and 1.137 MHz, and only the third and fourth decimal frequency values change for the case when the coils' bottom wires are grounded to the pipes.  But the 10 kHz or so frequency change is a small and negligible issue, especially if we accept that both coils are pulled (downwards) by about 10 kHz.  The loaded Q for both coils very likely remains high and this establishes the operating frequency stability for both coils.  As you know, the unloded Q comes from X_L/R where R is any coil's DC resistance and L is the inductance for any coil.  X_L should be calculated for 1.1 MHz.

The ground resistance meter you show is an interesting instrument. Unfortunately the user manual for it does not include the measuring frequency it uses for ground resistance, at least I did not find any reference in its user manual for this make and type
https://manualzz.com/doc/7219334/ground-tester-manual .
I found another make and type, with similar specs and it uses 3.333 kHz measuring frequency when in the ground resistance measurement mode (page 17 in pdf file https://www.instrumart.com/assets/DGC-1000A-manual.pdf ).  It is very likely your meter also uses a some kHz test signal in ground resistance mode.
You measured 440 Ohm for one of the copper pipe groundings, does the other pipe have a similar resistance I wonder. When you have time would you check both at the same time.

And in case your meter indeed uses less than 10 kHz test frequency or around that, then your ground resistance can be different at the 1.1 MHz frequency the coils resonate at.  The 440 Ohm ground resistance measured at the likely some kHz frequency is much less than the near 2 kOhm DC ground resistance.

Thanks for your efforts and sharing the results.

Gyula

[stivep]

Although  we in the interface deal with   something  that looks like two dimensional  space  it is helpful first to look at TEM from the perspective of waveguide
I  was looking for  easy way  to explain TE and  TM mode but instead going to  mathematics lets take look at behavior of wave in  closed  space
or   to be more exact - enclosed  space  by walls of waveguide .
First and foremost important is that:
- TEM (Transverse ElectroMagnetic) wave, is  the wave that is  limited  in its ability to move to given direction   
as
- regular  ElectroMagnetic wave can propagate  omnidirectionally   from single  point source - such  as Tx( Transmitter)
So  by  giving  a  direction  or limiting EM  wave we creating TEM wave  that is exactly the same  but now  directional.
The waveguide is the device that   limits  wave in its ability to  propagate to just  given direction of our choice.

The surface  wave in the  interface   such as Zenneck Wave   behaves in similar  way to that of waveguide however  later on we  need  to point   at differences specific to this behavior in interface.
The quite  easy  video explaining limitations imposed by  us to  EM  wave  causing it to become TEM in TE or TM mode is explained  here to some extend
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQ_zKHNYn8Q


If we have no impedance  match at the Rx side  with  Tx  than we  will have one of fallowing:
-short circuit
-open circuit
-no load  or load  that along with our Rx  is  not matching  impedance of Tx.
remember our system of Tx and Rx   with interface or with waveguide  is the reactive system 

In all of  the  cases we will have   reflected wave that will affect our Tx  and  may even damage it.
and now  lets go  to specific time  in  the first video from  above here:
https://youtu.be/YQ_zKHNYn8Q?t=245
- the  lector  is  talking about impedance mismatch.
after you watch that part go  here:
and see  visual representation of what happened if we have  lets say   short at end of waveguide ( the effect for all of the cases short open  or improper load  will be  similar- it will be impedance mismatch ) 

the video  named:
A TEM waveguide with a Short Circuit
shows:
The Propagation of a TEM wave in a TEM transmission line with a short circuit on the right side.
Absorbing boundary conditions ABC are placed in the left side.
A sine wave excitation is injected from the left side.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6-CDmAkJaDc

Wesley

[stivep]

To understand  that what was written    above the beginner needs to  understand what is Transverse movement of wave in   given direction
and by that it will be  easier to understand  what I meant while talking about  Magnetic field   or Electric field  perpendicular to  direction  of propagation. 
That makes easier  to understand TE and TM mode .
So  lets  go to basics:
For these who  have problem  to understand what is  Transverse  Wave but  not yet directional Transverse Magnetic  wave
Here is video :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-iO81v42dQA

Wesley