The Secrets Of Back EMF

[tinman]

So, let me see if I understood the difference straight.

Say we have a circuit. To the left, power source. The center has an up/down alligned inductor. The right side has the load.

Inductor responds with a kickback that is in the same direction. If current say, flows up (+) to down (-) in an inductor, kickback current will come out from the down side, continuing the initial direction, thru the load, to return to the up side.



Am I right ?

That is correct, the current will continue to flow in the same direction through the inductor, but the voltage across the inductor inverts during the kickback cycle.

[onepower]

So, let me see if I understood the difference straight.
Say we have a circuit. To the left, power source. The center has an up/down alligned inductor. The right side has the load.
Inductor responds with a kickback that is in the same direction. If current say, flows up (+) to down (-) in an inductor, kickback current will come out from the down side, continuing the initial direction, thru the load, to return to the up side.
Now we replace the inductor with a capacitor.
Capacitor discharge responds with current in the opposite direction. If current flew up (+) to down  (-), capacitor discharge would flow backwards, from the up side continuing that way towards the down thru the load.

Am I right ?

We could think of it this way...

When the inductor is charging the battery pushes electrons through the inductor like so...
Battery(-)>>>electrons>>>(-)inductor(+)>>>(+)battery

The electron current through the inductor produces an expanding magnetic field which because of it's direction opposes the electron current. We call this effect "self-induction", because the expanding magnetic field is inducing the conductor which produced it. Think of the battery as an electron pump and the inductor like an electron turbine. The (-) is pressure and (+) the suction.

Then when we remove the battery or open the circuit the following happens...
electrons>>>(+)inductor(-)>>>

So why did the electrical polarity across the inductor change?, it's because the collapsing magnetic field has caused the inductor to act like an electron pump moving electrons. How do we know the inductor is now an electron pump?. Because the (-) pressure and the (+) suction have reversed. On charge it was >>>(-)inductor(+)>>> like an electron turbine and on discharge it was like an electron pump>>>(+)inductor(-)>>>. 

Or maybe
On charge (-)push>>>inductor>>>pull(+)
On discharge (+)pull>>>inductor>>>push(-)

On charge, pressure>>>inductor>>>suction
On discharge, suction>>>inductor>>>pressure

When we think of the free electrons like an electric fluid in the conductor which can increase or decrease in density it makes more sense. The electron density (-)high or (+)low acts just like pressure and suction in a mechanical system. This is why electrons and "Electron Flow Notation" are important to better understand how electrical systems work.

https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/direct-current/chpt-1/conventional-versus-electron-flow/

AC

[lancaIV]

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_analogy

[onepower]

ChatGPT can help...

In a conductor, when a voltage difference (potential difference) is applied across its ends, it creates an electric field that exerts a force on the charge carriers. Electrons are negatively charged, so they move in the direction opposite to the conventional current flow. This movement of electrons constitutes the flow of electric current.

So, to clarify, positive charges do not actually flow in the way conventional current is described in most conductors. Instead, it's the movement of electrons (negatively charged) that creates the flow of electric current. The conventional current notation, which assumes the flow of positive charges, is a historical convention that simplifies the description of circuit behavior while not reflecting the actual movement of particles in the circuit.

The (+) charges are the Protons in the atoms, are the atoms flowing in a circuit?, well no that's absurd. Only the (-) free electrons can flow in a circuit. In my opinion this absurd notion of (+) charges flowing in a circuit is the main reason why most cannot understand electricity or free energy.

Only the free electron density and flow correspond to a hydraulic analogy. It also describes a Back Emf/inductive discharge perfectly.
The (-) is pressure or high density of electrons and (+) the suction or low density of electrons. Pressure flows from high to low.
On charge, pressure>>>inductor>>>suction
On discharge, suction>>>inductor>>>pressure
Or
On charge (-)push>>>inductor>>>pull(+)
On discharge (+)pull>>>inductor>>>push(-)

from Chat GPT...
Question: Does the negative terminal have a high electron density and the positive terminal low?

Answer:

Yes, you're correct. In a typical setup, the negative terminal of a voltage source (like a battery or power supply) tends to have a higher electron density compared to the positive terminal.

Electrons are negatively charged particles, and they naturally repel each other due to their like charges. When a voltage source is connected to a conductor (such as a wire), the negative terminal provides a surplus of electrons. This surplus of electrons creates an excess negative charge at the terminal, resulting in higher electron density.

Conversely, the positive terminal of the voltage source is relatively deficient in electrons, resulting in a relative lack of electron density.
When a circuit is closed (a complete loop is formed), electrons will flow from the negative terminal of the voltage source through the circuit to the positive terminal. This flow of electrons constitutes electric current, and it's this movement of electrons that powers electrical devices and performs useful work in the circuit.

This is super important and when I made the switch to electron flow notation a couple decades ago everything just made sense. As Tesla implied, we can use simple mechanical analogies which actually work to describe electrical phenomena. Here's a clue, in Clemente Figuera's last patent he labelled the (-) terminal as the source or origin. Why only the (-) terminal?, because only the free electron density and flow can determine where the energy is within the system and where it's going.

AC

[citfta]

The idea of positive ion flow is not that hard to understand.  I am old enough that i learned electron flow at an early age.  About 60 years ago.  To understand positive ion flow just arrange a row of marbles across a Chinese checker board with a gap in the marbles.  The marbles represent the electrons. The gap represents a positive ion. Now take the marble that is to the left of the gap.  Move it to the right into the gap.  Now where did the hole go?  As you move each marble from the left of the gap into the gap the "electrons" are moving left to right but the holes are moving right to left.  In reality only the " electrons"  are moving but it appears the positive " ions" are also moving.  The whole idea of positive ions should be restricted to chemistry and ignored in electronics.  The positive ion theory only confuses those new to electronics.


Respectfully,
Carroll