Re-Inventing The Wheel-Part1-Clemente_Figuera-THE INFINITE ENERGY MACHINE

[NRamaswami]

Thank you Hanon for explaining it in a way Dummy like me can understand..

However the answer still does not answer the other important point of the question..

What will happen if the current is pulsed Dc and if the current given is AC. From experience I know that 240 turns are needed to keep the electromagnet stable for AC current and 960 turns are needed to keep the electromagnet stable when pulsed DC is given.  Of course for solenoids.

The answers provided does not say what will happen to induced emf in these two cases. I have exeperimented and found that both pulsed dc and AC have transformer actions or produce an induced emf but under the conditions performed AC was found to be superior in performance than pulsed DC. So we stuck with AC..

However I still find some information that we see in the experiments is not given in the books. The earlier answer indicates that higher the current higher the magnetic field intensity and that will reduce the electric field and that will reduce efficiency. In a way it is correct. In a way it is wrong. Our experiments indicate that up to some point the efficiency increases if we increase the amperage. After that it drops out as the electromagnets start making unacceptable notise indicating core saturation.

Why that happens why the efficiency increase up to certain point and why the why the efficiency decrease? That is not clear to me.

Also I have heard that the wires tend to magnetize and then demagnetize and then magnetize again. This I heard from a very distinguished Professor and I found similar information online.

Now my question is what would happen to induced emf when the current given is pulsed DC and current given is AC..How does it affect the induced emf..I also want others to confirm that what Hanon said is correct.

While I'm a dummy I have made a lot of experiments, found a lot of results that are inconsistent with the theory in books and am puzzled with many results. Earlier some of the posters were pointing out that the best results would come if the magnets were to be placed in NS-NS-SN direction in a straight core. This is against the law of nature. A straight core cannot have this configuration as the magnet must have a south pole and a north pole at the opposite end. If you do it with an electromagnet, you wind the coil in the first primary in clockwise direction and in the second primary in anticlockwise direction. Wind it and see that the electricity is present in the form of eddy currents in the core but the magnetism disappears. Nothing is produced in the central core. Because there is no magnetism. But if you wind for a number of 4 coils or 2 coils and then wind counter clockwise in the second part the magnetism stays but the first part is stronger and the second part even though it has same number of turns is a weaker magnet. when we have separate cores. So if the NS-NS-SN were to work we must have two different primary electromagnets and the primary at the ends facing secondary must be separated by either plastic sheet or copper sheet if all of them to be placed inside a same tube so that the central secondary does not rotate but will remain stable.  I think probably this is what some friends earlier called an air gap..I do not understand. But I can confirm that in a straight core magnetism is destroyed. in the NS-NS-SN configuration if you use the same wire to generate it. Eddy currents of course remain. No output from central core.

I will check these things out from the knowledge given by Hanon but my question still remains unanswered.   What is the effect on induced emf if the current is AC or if the current is pulsed DC? And whether information given by Hanon is correct.

Would be grateful if other friends would clear up. But from experience I can tell you that to a certain extend increasing the amperage results in increased efficiency and then the iron creates so much of sound we do not dare to go further increase the amperage. Amperage increase is controlled by connecting the primary to resistive loads. We can increase or decrease that way. The same effect is present for both single solenoid and a transformer kind of solenoid where we have both primary and secondary..Secondly I'm not able to understand the formula emf = N·Area·nu·(I_max - I_min)/Time  When we give current the amperage is constant. Where is the question of I max and Imin here..For an electromagnet to hold itself stable again I is constant. I in my understanding here is amperage. Where do we get Imax and Imin..

[dieter]

When you pulse a coil with dc and do not block the back emf, then it becomes sort of ac, where the negative waveside is spikey. Depending on impedance, the back emf can be very fast, shorter than the dc pulse and in that case, the voltage is higher. The back emf contains the energy that was required to saturate the coil.


Anyhow, it seens to me people didn't notice the meaning of my diagram...


Although I agree, one single core for all 3 coils may be a problem  better "stick to the plan" and use some real gaps. The bloch wall (or what ever it's called when N vs N causes a highly compressed field stenght 2D zone) will be there anyway. You may continue your quest, I for myself have solved the puzzle and explained it sufficently IMHO.

[hanon]

Hi Ramaswami,

The discussion about pole orientation comes from time ago. The problem is that Figuera in 1908 patent did not clearly stated the pole orientation (He did it in the 1902 patent, but not in the 1908 one nor Buforn did it in his latter 5 more patents !!!). I will copy literally what it is written in the 1908 patent (both in the text and in the claims) so that everyone may judge if this a properly way of defining the pole orientation or maybe it is just a patent notation "trick" using the letters "N" and "S"  (Note: in Spanish à North = Norte ,  South  = Sur)

In the description:  "Suppose that electromagnets are represented by rectangles N and S. Between their poles is located the induced circuit represented by the line "y" (small)"

In the claims: "The machine is essentially characterized by two series of electromagnets which form the inductor circuit, between whose poles the reels of the induced  are properly placed."

We should test every single possible configuration to avoid missing anything.  It is all about testing also this configuration.

About the I_max (maximum current Intensity) and I_min (minimum intensity) you will get it from the variable resistors system: if you have a R value in each coil and you have 7 more resistors of the same value, you will have a value of minimum resistance R and a maximum resistance 8·R during a half rotation of the commutator

R_min = R --->  (Ohm´s Law)   --->  I_max = V / R
R_max =8·R ---> (Ohm´s Law)   --->  I_min = V / 8·R

Also note that smaller values in the resistors will get a higher I_min  so the step from I_max to I_min will be smaller which is not good. I used 4.7 ohm in each resistor (able to dissipate 25 W each) with no success so far. You have more testing capability than me so it would be good to test it in your conditions

Dieter, some points in your previous posts are very valuable. We need different opinions to enrich this forum. I found very interesting your idea of having two resistor set to create two independent sinusoidal waves. I think it was also posted by Shadow some time ago.

Regards

[NRamaswami]

Hanon:

I will check..I can provide a maximum of 230 volts and 18 amps as input. Please advise what is the ohms needed for the wire to reach this figure. Note that I have a fluctuating voltage from 200 to 220 to 230 volts but is is normally in the 220 voltage region.

I agree that we can test the NS-NS-SN configuration. But if we do so the following things would need to be done.

1. I need to create two large electromagnet of equal and opposite powers.. ( unless we are using multiple primary coils)

2. Each coil must be connected separately as an electromagnet. Each coil must be able to handle at least 230 volts and 7 amps pulsed DC. Remember Pulsed DC is more powerful as there is very less impedance in the coils and from our experience  we know that 4 times the number of turns and coils are needed to maintain the stable electromagnet. We would need 960 turns to be precise to hold the electromaganet. Please let me know what is the length of the pipe needed to make this number of turns.

See the solenoid magnetic field calculator here http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/magnetic/solenoid.html#c1

Please note that the Tesla of the magnetic field strength should not exceed more than 1.5 Tesla to be on the safe side. We can go to higher levels but from our experience only when the magnetic field strength is less it produces better amount of electricity. It is a kind of mystery really as more powerful magnet should produce more powerful output but it does not work that way.

3. The secondary would need to be separate from the primaries by a copper sheet. or we need to use a small plastic sheet that will not block the magnetism but will still act as an air gap.

4. Secondary would need to be half the size or less of the primaries.

5. The secondary would need to be surrounded by strong iron poles or be structured in such a way that it cannot move. 

6. Electrical output can be expected in secondary when pulsed DC is used or AC is used.

7. You need to calculate the ohms of the wire, and not more than 1.5 tesla for a  45 cm length and 10 cm dia electromagnet. I get for 45cm electromagnet with 960 turns at 3 amps itself the 1.6 Tesla range.

8. If we are going to wind it on a 1 metre electromagnet, it would become, for 220 volts and 8 amps we would need 27.5 ohms for the magnet to be stable. 

9. 27.5 ohms will require us to buy 2000 metres of 1.5 sq mm wire. I can try with 2.5 inch dia tubes as they would have less electromagnetism.

10. My multimeter shows 0.005 for the 2k setting of the ohms. What is the ohms. This is a 4 sq mm wire with 327 turns. What would be the amperage for 12 volts. My variac can handle up to 2 amps and so I can test that also for up to some thing like 25 volts. Assuming 5 ohms ( AM I right or wrong?) for 12.84 volts of battery it would be only 2 amps and nothing would happen. We need minimum of 7 to 8 Amps for any thing to happen here. Preferably 12 amps.

11. Assuming 230 volts main connection fuze would blow out guaranteed and the electromagnet at the moment would not withstand that.

12. 220volts/7amps =  32 ohms is the ohms needed. We will need about 2000 metres of 1 sq mm wire for that.

13.  We will try to create two large electromagnets with what is available to me at the moment. 4 sq mm wire. I will calculate the ohms.

14. While all of you talk about the patent and whether it is north or south, you have forgotten Figuera talks about taking electricity from an extrernal generator. He is also talking about reels after reels of wire. If we are going to use batteries, You need to get 100 volts means you need to use 8 batteries. I have only 2 batteries for testing purposes.

15. I will organize this with existing material and then use the pulsed DC.. I'm honestly very very doubtful about the results but I want to honor the friends and so we will do it. I will check the number of turns and check the ohms and then come back to you and tell you whether we can handle it at the moment with materials available with me.

16. I'm really very very doubtful but let us see. Both Doug and others insist it should work.

17. Assuming it works at 220 volts and about 8 amps then we have defintely a working one. Howsoever small and howsoever litttle the voltage is. Whether that would produce enough voltage? I am again doutful for the number of turns woudl be much lesser than in the primaries. But we would have made a basis for the device to be tested as advised by all the friends and so we will know.

18. We will test with what we have and so all of you have the benefit of it. Remember we are going to use airgaps. Very thin plastic sheet. The center cannot move around as we will have it secured and then place weights around it to prevent any movement. We will also need to prevent it from vertically jumping up.

19. This is not a Bifilar coil but just a single wire coil. We can test Bifilar, trifilar, quadfilar etc if this producs results. The Pancake drawing shile impressive shows the pancake outside the magnetic field and it would not work. Pancake should be within the magnet and so I'm going to use only a 25 cm tube for the secondary. About 1 meter tubes of wires for the primary. Let us see if it holds. If it does not hold then we will need to buy small wires that can make the electromagnet to hold at 6 to 7 amps. Problem is that if you increase the number of turns or increase the amps in both cases magnetism will increase and we need low magnetism for the electromagnet to generate electricity in the center.

We will test and let you know..If possible today..If  not tomorrow..

If it does not result in any thing as I expect then we will test the NS-NS-NS configutation. I know that this works but we need to use much smaller diameter rods and much smaller diameter wires for the primary I guess Leaving the secondaries to have larger wires. But again it is a guess and who knows what happens..Strangely the patent of Daniel McFarland Cook talks about using small wire for primaries and large wire for secondaries. Let us test and see..

[NRamaswami]

see I'm not using any resistors or any thing like that..Just plain simple solenoids arranged to see what happens if the N-S-N combination would work. It would result in motor action or motion as in induction motors but whether it would result in generator actions we need to wait and see.

I will check AC, pulsed DC and well DC also. Permanent magnets are DC. When they rotate they produce electricity. When the poles of two permanet magnets are held together separated by a coil what would happen in that coil. The same thing should happen here. In my opinion nothing will happen but again who knows..Let us see the results.

We will actually need a very powerful variac for these experiments with up to 20 ampere rating. Let me check if it can be obtained. it will take about a week or so even if it is ordered by us to come. We can simply modify the voltage and depending on the wire ohms, we can modify the amperage and we can use AC, pulsed DC and plaing DC by using a capacitor. We will wait and see.