Crystal Power CeLL by John Hutchison

[ian middleton]

G'day all.

@Koen:  You,ve highlighted a problem I have been considering for a while. That is the polarization of the mix against the natural polarization of a p-n junction.  This probably why the polarity on my mixes reverse when the voltage is removed. I have and experiment going at the moment where the polarizing electric field (6000V) is insulated from the mix by mylar insulators. I will continue with this configuration for another week or so to make sure the mix is dry.

For the nitidation of the negative electrode I will heat treat the copper ( cherry red ) and then quench it in ammonia. The fumes will be fun.
Not sure whether it will work but it is worth a try.

The silicon/borax "soap" has hardend over the last couple of days and now I cant get the stuff out of the pot. I can dig bits out and it has the same consistancy of hard parrfin wax. It looks like a very suitable candidate for an electret.

To make the stuff I dissolved 229gm of sodium meta silicate in 250ml of hot water, this makes a viscous solution of sodium silicate.
I let that stand over night to cool. It gets a little thicker.  I then used 60ml of that stock solution and added 1/4 teaspoon of borax.
Stirred until dissolved. That stood over night and was still a clear fluid.  I then gave it a good vigorous shake( just for the hell of it) and then it turned into a solid.

Like yourself I have made a number of sand cookies and they became brittle and crumbly.

After another 12 hour short circuit the "pie" bounced back to 0.480V. 

More later

Ian.

Didn't look like this post got through.

[Koen1]

Ian, Jeanna,

here's a partial translation of dr. Dieter Stachewski's paper "Eigenpotenziale als Wirkung latenter Raumenergie".
I have selected (parts of) the paragraphs covering Browns petrovoltaic effect, the gypsum, and the agate stones.
Other parts of his paper, covering the subject of orgon-accumulators and photoresistors in the search for self-potentialisation,
I will leave out (for now). Sumaries and addendums are inserted between [].

(from the paragraph "T.T.Browns Petrovoltaic-effekt"
"... [summary: Brown in the years 1931-'33] systematically looked for the cause of extraordinary potentials, that occur specifically in heavy rock types.
He called this effect "petrovoltaic" [(stone voltage)], and suspected that these "self-potentials" are caused by rectification of gravitational cosmic radiation,
and especially in polarisable and specifically heavy dielectrics. ..."
"The measured petrovoltaic potentials incidentally reached 0,7 Volt. Therefor, Brown finally attempted to activate as electrets materials such as Tungsten-carbide
or Barium-titanate, embedded in a binding agent, by exposing the material to thermic treatement and very high direct current. In his 1976 patent application it is said,
that a battery made in such a way can produce electrical current forever ("indefinately").  Test results and other data are entirely unknown. [...]"
"Measurements at U.S. universities; During the period 1974-'78 research teams from five U.S. universities involved themselves with attempts to fully comprehend the petrovoltaic effect. The well planned experiments basically confirmed Browns experimental findings concerning the changes in potential with respect to its dependence of place and time, and a barely registerable potential decrease even when surrounded by massive shielding, such as inside mountain complexes [(probably means shielding from outside environment in the electrical sense)], and also sporadic outbursts of current. The most important find was the simultaneous occurrance of these "bursts" in widely seperated samples, which were seperated by a distance of 80 km, which seems to indicate a form of outside irradiation. The second aspect [(of Browns claims concerning the effect he measured)], which is the interaction between self-potential and electrical conductivity, was investigated and not found. It was found that the overall effect was not limited to crystalline materials. A clear conclusion as to this phenomenon was not drawn [(author literally writes "avoided")]."
"Authors own attempts; Some personal attempts using [plates of] Agate stone and specifically light weight materials such as wood, wool, gypsum, proton-emitting membranes (PEMs), and other dielectrics show, that the Brownian potentials can theoretically form in all polarisable materials, more or less ([or: to a higher or lower degree]). In practice this mostly meant activation by applying a higher starting voltage. Brown probably owes his discovery to the fact that his [original] Granite and lava-rocks had already been charged ("activated", to connect better with the previous sentence) by electrical currents inside the earth. In Geophysics nowadays it is routine to measure the self-potentials and conductivity of rock- and sediment layers. However, in the related literature ([of geophysics]) the Brown petrovoltaic effect does not occur. In geophysics literature, for example, "graphitisation" of minerals is postulated as explanation of the abnormal "metallic" conductivity that has been witnessed to occur in some rocks. The abnormal conductivity as well as the storage of electrical energy in active dielectrics are indications of self-potentials, and as such are of importance in order to understand the phenomena."

(from the paragraph on Gypsum:)
"Self-potentials in Gypsum; Autogenic potentials in freshly prepared building gypsum [...] are created easily for example due to the "Trigger-Effect" of a resistance measurement. [...] Gypsum filled plastic tubing is used, such as a plastic water hose coiled up with a 21 cm diameter and 3 to 4 windings, was used. The liquid gypsum paste was pushed ([pumped]) into the tubing using compressed air, which caused some of the gypsum to be pushed out the other end and caused some air bubbles in the gypsum. As electrodes ([stainless?]) steel screws were used. Some of these gypsum coils produced longer lasting voltages up to 300 mV. Here too there were undeninable fluctuations in potential, as well as a potential drop after introduction of the coil into the Orac ([Orgone Accumulator, which he used in the photoresistor tests he described right before this paragraph.]). Only halfway april next year did the potential of that coil start to rise, and finally reached an average potential of 100 mV [...]. ([note: connected diagrams show this specific gypsum coil + Orac experiment to have taken place in the beginning of december.]) Gypsum in plastic mold/encasing can hold its self-potential in air under normal circumstances for 1 to 2 years, although it does disappear as time progresses due to dehydration. When a plastic cover is removed, one will then find a completely dry gypsum."

(from the paragraph on Agate and PEMs:)
"Self-potentials in Agate stones and Proton-emission membranes.
Flat discs ([plates]) of Agate stone, cut and polished, 3 to 5 mm thick, prove to be carriers of self-potentials, insomuch as they allow themselves to be activated by induced direct current or atmospheric energies. In contact with metal foils they show the characteristics of a capacitor on the one hand and on the other hand they show characteristics of a high ohmic resistor ([a high electrical resistance]). After start activation by charging and bridging using a resistor reference ([?]), at first a rapid discharge of mostly the metal foils occurs, after which mostly a slowly decreasing voltage curve occurs. [a comparison referring to a diagram follows, basically showing how a 2.8 mm thick agate slice appears to react much more strongly to the juli summer heat and produce a significantly higher potential, than a slice of 5mm thick does. Both show the decreasing voltage curve, but the 2.8mm one shows a potential rise at some point, while the thicker one does not. The thin slice shows potentials ranging from 0,1 to 0,7 Volt, the thicker slice does not go higher than 0,3 Volt.] In this context it may be mentioned that commercial humidity sensors measure the change in capacitance, or at least in conductivity of hydrophile dielectrics, using porous electrodes to allow the absorption of watter from its surroundings. The author has found that fully covered ([=completely encased and isolated from the environment]) Agate stones function similarly, although not so much as room humidity sensors but rather as indicators of water "radiation" ([?]) in the atmosphere. [note: I don't really know what he means with water "radiation" in the atmosphere, nor why he connects his agate potential to water in the first place, although in his diagram it looks like the potential of some of his agate slices does indeed increase around days with significantly more rain.]
Contact influence; A constructively important aspect of Agate sample (cells) is the effect of the elctrode materials on the potential buildup. In agate cell ACH26 [(dr. Stachewski's own numbering system for his experiments)] copper and aluminium foil were used (Cu-Al), in cell ACH10, ACH9 and ACH15 gold leaf on copper foil and aluminium foil (Cu/Au-Al), and in ACH31 to 33 as well as ACH36 both electrodes were gold leaf on copper foil (Cu/Au-Cu/Au) were used. Based on the electrochemical potential series of the metals, certain electrodes can develop a potential difference of up to 3 Volt (Au-Al) and thus activate the crystal. However, in practice this support of self-potential is much, much smaller. The combination Cu-Al at the very first start of testing of ACH26 (without battery current) showed a very brief 180mV/10M, while the Cu/Au-Al contacts delivered 600 to 700 mV/10M only in two cases, and briefly at start [of measurement]. The samples ACH9 and ACH15 show the highest positions in [output] diagram 3b, but this may well be caused by the agate sample itself [and not necessarily by the electrode addition]. Over time the Cu-electrodes colour changes into black, and the Al-foil colour into white. Imprints of the quartz-containing ring structures of the agate are created. [I presume in the oxidation on the electrodes a similar pattern to that of the agate structure itself may be recognised.] Although oxidation of the contact electrodes increase electrical resistance, it is questionable if this contributes in any significant way to the high resistance of the cell, since agate has a very high internal resistance of its own already."
"Attempts with PEM-membranes;
Electrodes covered in gold leaf or galvaniccally onlaid gold were needed primarily for dual sided contacts of PEM-membranes, which contain sulfuric acid groups (SO3H) chemically bonded to Fluoropolymers (Teflon). As test objects we used dry foils of Nafion N127 (NAF1, -2) and N117 (Dupont de Nemours, USA), as well as several types of Fumapem (FUM1-3 from Fumatech GmbH, St. Ingbert) related to [/of the type] foils of 30 to 200 micrometer and partly in several layers up to 1mm thick total.
As with the agate simultaneous weather-related potential fluctuations occur in the PEM-membranes, in which they show a greater sensitivity to the air humidity levels. NAF1 was the smallest PEM-object with only 4 square cm of membrane between guilded nickel plates. The other membranes generally have surfaces of approx. 100 square cm. Not all probes of the same material build up self potentials. Often the potential of a membrane after activation would drop to a very low value, without ever rising again. One of such probes, a single sheet of N127 (64 sq. cm, 0,2mm thick) were submitted to a long term test with battery current. This probe clearly showed a stronger weather energy and maximal self potentials of probe NAF1 (also from N127) very distinct measurements, which calculated into ohms show a resistance drop in the probe of 10 Ohm maximum at 0,3 to 0,5 Ohm. [Unclear][...]"

This paragraph on PEMs continues some more, but since I doubt we are going to use any Teflon in our experiments I decided to cut it short.
The paper also includes some more paragraphs on tests of outside influences on various types of probes, the typical self-recharge characteristics of some of the probes (generally they show periodic charge increase up to a certain level, then no increase. After discharges they recharge again, slowly, periodically, and in many cases depending on the air humidity and outside temperature. Interesting is the behaviour of some probes, which seem to react indeed to the presence of water, even when the probe materials themselves cannot come into contact with any of the water... theoretically nothing should happen because the water does not have any direct physical effect on the material.), some measurements when several of these probes were connected to eachother in series or parallel, and some speculation on "latent energy" and possible interactions with the human body.

[jeanna]

Thank you Koen1 for translating this.
lots to think about. Charging rocks with high voltage is way above any training I could call upon (except the biology training that says be careful). I am particularly intrigued about the humidity element. It is becomming a theme. hmm
thank you,
jeanna

[ian middleton]

G'day all,

Koen , many many thanks for the work you have put into the translation. There is alot of information in it that confirms many of our findings already.

Are there any more details on the size of the direct current used during polarization? I ask because I have found that a large current, greater than an amp, can be disruptive to the mix and almost distructive to the electrodes. I have had no success with cells that displayed electrolysis at the electrodes during polarization.

The idea that most polarizable materials will display self potential sits easy with me. The cells I made from loaded resin (high dielectric materials) still show voltage even after 4 years.

I know where to get some thin polished agate plates so next payday I'll be off to the rock shop ( again).

Interestingly, these agate slices have been dyed different colours although some are natural. Just a thought :  If a dye colour can be impregnated throughout the slice, what are the chances that a dopant of some kind could be inserted the same way?  Must find out about the dying process.

Thanks once again Koen, you have given me plenty to think about. (May the lower resistance be with you  )

Hi jeanna   

catch you guys later.

Ian

[jeanna]

  If a dye colour can be impregnated throughout the slice, what are the chances that a dopant of some kind could be inserted the same way?  Must find out about the dying process.
Ian

I'll bet it can.
This may help for starters. I have had some (My idea of some ie with lots of forward motion) experience with natural dyes. I doubt the agate dyes used were plant dyes, but the dyes used may be synthetic versions of plant dyes.
So, the dyes are a metal salt.
In dyeing, the fiber is first impregnated by a metal salt that adheres to the fiber on one side and to the dye on the other. then the dye is added. The dye which is also a salt combines with the metal salt and so the whole thing sticks molecularly to the fiber.
I wonder what your research will show.
jeanna