Hi Hanon,

The cutting of flux lines is just a convenient way to describe a concept of magnetic field strength. Faraday's law states that any change in the magnetic field passing through a wire will induce an emf. It makes no difference if the change is from movement of the wire through the field or the change is a variation of the field strength. The convention used is, the number of lines of force passing through a unit area indicates the strength of the magnetic field at that point. In a dynamo, as the field strength increases from additional current passing through the field coil, the number of magnetic lines per unit area increases. This has the same effect as a movement of the armature wire by rotation. This is your emulation of relative movement.

Study the first 87 pages of the book as this starts with the basics used in the book and takes you through the design process. It is particularly helpful because the process starts with a set of specifications the finished dynamo must meet and designs a dynamo to meet those specifications.

This is a concept drawing I am using to layout my generator armature coils and other things. It's a work in progress. As noted elsewhere neither the armature nor the field yoke need to be round, but I am adhering to the radial layout of the coils. After studying the book you will see the advantages of the dynamo over a transformer for generating current and you should also see the advantages of the Figuera design for performance vs a common dynamo.

@NoMoreSlave,
Nice work, I wish you success.

Regards

Hi Fellows.

Your Figuera project is quite interesting and I find your development, for the most part, to be of great value.
Some have spent considerable work and intellect - thank you!

Two areas I have not seen addressed to date in any great detail, but may be of value, involve the work of Dr. Andrey MELNICHENKO. These being "gaps" between ferromagnetic cores and "resonance" in electric circuits. {Further "gap" work => Dr. Harold Aspden.}

In particular; the use of a "gap" separating a primary and one, or a number of, secondary ferromagnetic cores to achieve a performance index of 120-150%, or more, on ferrites and alloys. This technique is evident in the work of others but the concept, explanations and experiments of Melnichenko (Melnichenco), IMHO are presented well and easily understood. Unfortunately there is not a lot of information available anymore regarding his theories, methods and techniques.

The Figuera patents, at first glance, appear to be somewhat the same as the "end-to-end" "stacking of cores with coils" referred to by Melnichenko. Both gentlemen also allude to adding additional "stacks" in an effort to provide more output. Also in common is that the output loads do not have any substantial affect on the input - no apparent Lens Law or other effects are present. It's not a transformer action per se, but more related to a relatively unknown "magnetic coupling" mechanism.

Much of the early "gap" work seems to have stemmed from studies by Tesla and others around the same period as Fuguera, at the beginning of the last century.

In general, Fuguera's approach seems to offer other interesting attributes; for example, excitation signals (the commutator) can provide very fast rise and fall times [near spark gap in nature] while still remaining "above the ground potential." Very rapid magnetic field expansion [dv/dt] is found in many OU devices. His commutator provides a stable but adjustable "controller mechanism" or, using today's state-of-the-art, all precision mechanics can be eliminated. Modular "stacked cores" might easily provide various outputs, as required. His system might also be made small, noiseless and quite reliable.

Over the last months it appears similar methods and techniques are rapidly converging with a heightened realization and optimism. Anyway, more food-for-thought.

@all - Great work and have a productive week...

Some links and related information:

http://ferromagnetic-energy.ru/

http://ferromagnetic-energy.ru/core_of_the_physical_effect/

Brief Explanation Notes:
   Magnetisable wind => magnetic fields,
   triblet => (ferromagnetic) core,
   aerial (dielectric) distance => gap with or without dielectric spacer,
   wind => copper or other wire windings.

http://ferromagnetic-energy.ru/core_of_the_physical_effect/ex_1/

Perform the experiment(s); it is quite enlightening at worst!
[See the bottom of page - Experiment; Equipment...; Sequence; download video (video not available?)]

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=djy5J0kiL58

This is the only video clip I could find still in the public domain. It is in Russian but contains English subtitles (a bit hard to read but worth the effort).

The following "cut-and-paste" is included to provide somewhat of a backdrop:

====================
"Here is translation of some of Melnichenco work..

Out respect for copyrights, I have attached it its entirely..


The following article was printed in the Indian newspaper The Hindu, Science & Technology Supplement, November 20, 1997. It appears to be a translation of a Russian article written by Konstantin Smirnov, RIA Novosti.

Electric resonance for power generation
When Dr. Andrei Melnichenco, a physicist specialising in electrodynamics in the city of Chekhov near Moscow, called our editorial office and described his invention, I did not believe him. But my mistrust did not perplex the inventor, and he offered to demonstrate his device.

The device consists of several batteries and a small converter to change direct current into alternating current (220V, 50Hz) using electric motor.

The power of this motor is far greater than that of the power source. When a small plate with several assemblies is added to the chain of components and switched on, the motor begins to pick up speed in such a way that it would be possible to set an abrasive circle on it and sharpen a knife.

In another experiment, a fan serves as the final component of the device. At first, its blades are slowly rotating but, after a special unit is connected in sequence with it, the fan immediately gains speed and makes a good 'breeze'. All this looked strange, primarily from the standpoint of the law of conservation of energy.

Seeing my perplexity, Melnichenko explained that the process taking place in his device are simple enough, and are based on the phenomenon of electric resonance.

Despite the fact that this phenomenon has been known for more than a century, it is only rarely used in radio engineering and communications electronics where amplification of a signal by many times is needed.

Resonance is not used much in electrical engineering and power generation. By the end of the last century, the great scientist Nicola Tesla used to say that without resonance, electrical engineering was just a waste of energy.

No one attached any importance to this pronouncement at that time. Many of Tesla's works and experiments, for instance the transmission of electricity by one unearthed wire, have only recently been explained.

The scientist staged these experiments a century ago, but it has only been in our days that S. V. Avramenko has managed to reproduce them. This also holds true for the transmission of electric power by means of electromagnetic waves and resonance transformers.

"My first experiments with high-frequency resonance transformers produced results which, to say the least do not always accord with the law of the conservation of energy, but there is a simple mathematical and physical explanation of this", Melnichenko says.

"I have designed several special devices and electric motors which contain many of these ideas and which may help them achieve full resonance in a chain when it consumes energy only in the form of the thermal losses in the winding of the motor and wires of the circuits while the motor rotates without any consumption of energy whatsoever.

"This was shown during the demonstration", the inventor goes on to say. "The power, supplied to the motors, was less than was necessary for their normal operation! I have called the new physical effect transgeneration of electric power. Electric resonance is the principle underlying the operation of the device".

This effect can be very widely used. For instance, electric resonance motors may be employed in electric cars. In this case the storage batteries' mass is minimal.

The capacity, developed by an electric motor, exceeds the supplied electric power by many times, which may be used for devising absolutely autonomous propulsion power units - a kind of superpower plant under the hood.

The battery-driven vehicles, equipped with such power plants, would not need frequent recharging because, just as is the case of an ordinary engine, it would only need storage batteries for an electric start.

All the results have been confirmed by hundreds of experiments with resonances in electric motors (both ordinary and special).

In special motors, it is possible to achieve the quality of resonance in excess of 10 units. The technology of their manufacture is extremely simple while the investments are minimal. The results are superb!

Electromechanics is only the first step. The next are statical devices, which are resonance-based electric power generators.

For instance, a device, supplied at the input with power equal to that of three 'Energizer' batteries can make a 100-watt incandescent lamp burn at the exit.

The frequency is about 1 MHz. Such a device has a rather simple circuit, and is based on resonance. Using it, it is possible to by far increase the power factor of energy networks, and to drastically cut the input (reactive) resistance of ordinary transformers and electric motors.

But creation of fundamentally new, environmentally clean electric power generators is the most important application of electric resonance.

A resonance-based energy transformer will become the main element of such devices. The employment of conductors with very low active resistance - cryoelectrics - for their windings will make it possible to increase power by hundreds and thousands of times, in proportion to resonance qualities of the device.

The Russian Academy of Sciences, in its review says that the principle underlying the operation of the devices does not rouse doubts in theory and in practice, and that the work of the resonance-based electric systems is not in conflict with the laws of electrophysics.

Konstantin Smirnov
RIA Novosti From: Elling Olsen
To: Jerry Decker
Subject: Electric resonance for power generation
Date: Sat, 29 Nov 1997 10:59:49 +0100

Hi,

The attached article was printed in the Indian newspaper The Hindu, Science & Technology Supplement, November 20, 1997. It appears to be a translation of a Russian article written by Konstantin Smirnov, RIA Novosti.

I typed it using WordPad in Windows 95, so you should easily be able to read it and change the file format to whatever you need. Of course I hope the document will be to find on KeelyNet for everyone to read and I will feel good for having contributed ;-) Keep up the good work.

Elling Olsen, eol@norman.no "
====================

Sorry for the long post - I hope your still awake! 

Thanks Cadman,
Wish you also success with your researches.
Your approach is based on today construction of generator. This optimization was done in the past due to complexity of engineering the Gramme Ring for massive production (done by hand).
But his approach still more efficient in terms of the power output....lot of criticism and also positive opinion about the ring.

INMHO, Figuera´s approach  is a mix solution  from a transformer (primary part with AC current/changing current) and a dynamo ring as the secondary part of that transformer but without rotation.


back to the difference between a transformer and dynamo machine. INMHO, both are the same thing but with different construction principals, therefore a different defects and behaviors:
1-   Transformer and dynamos have both primary and secondary parts
2-   Trafos work with changing current in the primary parts in order to get something in the secondary part
3-   In a trafo both parts are steady, no moving parts (no need for that, the changing current do that job for us) but at some cost (looses, interaction between prim. & sec.).
4-   In the dynamos: we use DC current in the primaries (no changing current), therefore we MUST emulate the change "EFFECT" of faradays law in the secondary part (rotating it).
5-   The most effective construction of the transformer is by using 2 different coils (do not put opposite currents in the same coil,  a la UFO-Tech)
6-   The most effective dynamo construction in the secondary part, is the Gramme machine:
7-   The defects of the transformers are very well known and understood.
8-   The defects of Gramme machine are: winding the toroid (today isn't anymore a problem, we don't  want it to rotate), the precision of the winding in order to avoid contacts between wire and stator (the gape for rotation is needed for others benefits as SolarLab pointed, this fact is now become reality, see how much patent using this)
9-   Advantages of Ring construction based on Pacinotti (1860):

Very nice job done by Alessandro de Robeis:
http://www.percorsielettrici.it/modelli-3d
http://www.percorsielettrici.it/macchine-elettriche/generatori

and worked out by Gramme (1871) (wiki):
http://www.percorsielettrici.it/macchine-elettriche/generatori/32-gramme/25-macchina-dinamo-elettrica-di-gramme


"The Gramme machine used a ring armature, with a series of armature coils, wound around a revolving ring of soft iron. The coils are connected in series, and the junction between each pair is connected to a commutator on which two brushes run. Permanent magnets magnetize the soft iron ring, producing a magnetic field which rotates around through the coils in order as the armature turns. This induces a voltage in two of the coils on opposite sides of the armature, which is picked off by the brushes.
Earlier electromagnetic machines passed a magnet near the poles of one or two electromagnets, creating brief spikes or pulses of DC resulting in a transient output of low average power, rather than a constant output of high average power.
With enough coils, the resulting voltage waveform is practically constant, thus producing a near direct current supply. This type of machine needs only electromagnets producing the magnetic field to become a modern generator."

"...While the hollow ring could now be replaced with a solid cylindrical core or drum, the ring still proves to be a more efficient design, because in a solid core the field lines concentrate in a thin surface region and minimally penetrate the center. For a very large power-generation armature several feet in diameter, using a hollow ring armature requires far less metal and is lighter than a solid core drum armature. The hollow center of the ring also provides a path for ventilation and cooling in high power applications.
In small armatures a solid drum is often used simply for ease of construction, since the core can be easily formed from a stack of stamped metal disks keyed to lock into a slot
"

Figuera mentioned Paxii, clark, Pacinotti.. why?

Hi Solarlab,
The theory of Dr. Andrey MELNICHENKO is confirming in some ways what we are after.
Thank you for the link to the website.

NMS

Hello Hanon, 

Great progress with researching with the Figuera's device.

1. The simple Induction we knows  still works fine in cutting the copper wires with the magnetic flux we could create on the Inducing Electromagnet.
I already told you before that the concept which Figuera have found are explained really well on the Tesla Patent which Tesla call the Electro Dynamic Induction Machine= Tesla Toroid Transformer.
The real working device which Figuera really had is the Toroidal shape Transformer.

Yes. Tesla showed it really simple how to Virtually rotate the Magnetic Field on a Toroid on his patent.
My first understanding of the Tesla Toroid that it is being powered with a 180deg phase/out of phase, But I was wrong about the 180deg. The 2 phase Generator Tesla used to excite the 4 wound Primary coils of the Tesla Toroid is actually like this, 1st phase starts at 0deg; the 2nd phase starts at 90deg.

2. We are talking here a Rotating Magnetic Field so the Tesla Toroid is actually a Dynamo/Generator with no moving parts only rotating the Magnetic Field around the Toroid.
About how did Tesla do it to laterally cut the copper wire with the flux= We all know that the Core materials are soft Iron which is  a good Magnetic Flux Shaper . If you could see on the simple experiment done by Faraday , the coreless solenoid copper wire and moving the permanent magnet inside the copper wire- that experiment is actually what Tesla did moving the magnets in a Continuous loop in toroid. The dont worry about the Magnetic Field if you are using a Core Material here.

3. Why it needs 2 Phase Alternating Current? The purpose of the 2 Phase is create a waveform with 90degs phase shift. I think most people really knows the fact that the Phase Shift Waveform of the Secondary is 90deg. Tesla showed many ways that output waveform of his Induced Secondary Coils is 90deg.

What will happen if the reflective/opposing magnetic field of the Induced Secondary Coils are always meet with the next Phase?

The TPU works on this Rotating Magnetic Field concept.The Tesla Wireless Transmission still works with this concept. The Tesla Generator also works with this concept, almost all of Tesla's  Magnetism device was to achieved the 90deg.

If Tesla dont used the Toroidal shape Transformer, He will used TWO Separate Cored Transformer still to achieved the 90deg, The Magnetic Shielding which also Tesla introduced was for this purpose to achieve the 90degs Phase Shift.


Just some useful opinion.

Meow   

Quote from: hanon on April 28, 2014, 08:51:23 AM

Thanks for your kind help. I have a couple of questions:

1- How can we get the wires cut by the magnetic flux? Dynamos are based on that principle but for that the wire must be moved laterally to the magnetic lines. We need to emulate some kind of relative movement to induce the wires!!

2- What the difference between building a transformer and a dynamo? I understand that in transformers the magnetic flux do not hit the wires, just pass across the coil (flux linking). In dynamos the flux must cut the wires (flux cutting), this take us to the first question again: how can we get the flux cutting laterally the wires?

Hi all,

I have found a couple of patents where it is described how to achieve two 90º unphased signals:

http://www.google.com/patents/US4156222 (Transformer with divided primary) (see parapraph where Fig. 6 is described and next ones)

https://www.google.com/patents/US546756 (Production of displaced phases and rotary fields)

I hope someone may find them useful

Regards