The MAD MAX e-car

[lancaIV]

 25 Km/h   top            1,2 KW   MB F-Cell Roadster


  40 Km/h   top            1,5 KW   12 Volt  weight ? http://www.evalbum.com/314


120 Km/h+ top            1,5 KW   230 Volt/50 Hz conventional gasoline car ( with ic engine 800 Kg+ ) to electric modification


http://www.evalbum.com/314  :   weight ? 
                                                                        Curb Weight  220 Pounds (99 Kilograms)




                                         Which is the Lavenami average consume per hour ?


                                         1,5 KW 12 Volt motor ( without conversion efficiency knowing)


                                         12 Volt by 70 Ah lead battery


                                         40 Km/h top speed


                                         49 Km range with given nominal lead battery capacity




Calculation :                             Which is the Lavenami average consume per hour ?


for 100 Km range                      12 V x 70 Ah / 0,49 = 1750 VAh nominal lead battery capacity


for 25 Km/h average speed        1750 VAh /4           =   437,5 VAh per hour average   


x DoD factor lead       


       https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep-cycle_battery#:~:text=For%20lead%2Dacid%20deep%2Dcycle,best%20for%20storage%20vs%20cost.


https://federalbatteries.com.au/news/what-depth-discharge-and-why-it-so-important#:~:text=A%20battery's%20depth%20of%20discharge,divided%20by%20battery%20nominal%20capacity.

A battery's depth of discharge (DoD) indicates the percentage of the battery that has been discharged relative to the overall capacity of the battery. Depth of Discharge is defined as the capacity that is discharged from a fully charged battery, divided by battery nominal capacity. Depth of discharge is normally expressed as a percentage. For, example, if a 100 A h battery is discharged for 20 minutes at a current of 50 A, the depth of discharge is 50 * 20 / 60 / 100 = 16.7 %.


Attention :     Depth of Discharge : to differ A(mpére depth) 50 A/100 A  = 50%  and by time = 16.7 % A(mpére-hour depth)







taking low 50 % for lead battery anf 70% for " deep discharge " batteries


                                                437,5 VAh per hour average  x 0,5 DoD = net(to)  +- 220 VAh

                                                                                                              energy consume


                                                220 VAh /0,7                                       =     314 VAh


                                                 314 VAh "high  DoD" battery to wheel ratio per hour and 25 Km

                                                    We need 1250 VAh battery capacity for 100 Km range


                                                   By given Wh(VAh)/Kg alternatives :



the batteries weight : for 15 000 VAh ,with 80%+ DoD


         120 Kg   125 Wh/Kg             


           75 Kg   200 Wh/Kg https://www.greencarcongress.com/2021/07/20210730-catl.html   


            60 Kg  250 Wh/Kghttps://chargedevs.com/newswire/24m-surpasses-250-wh-kg-on-the-road-to-400/           


           30 Kg   500 Wh/Kg https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/650_whkg_1400_whl_recharg_batt_new_era_elect_mobility_ymikhaylik_0.pdf


           15 Kg 1000 Wh/Kg


https://innolith.com/de/innovative-energietechnologie-von-innolith-ermoglicht-fahrzeugbatterien-fur-ev-reichweiten-von-1000-km/


https://insideevs.com/news/343771/innolith-claims-its-on-path-to-1000-wh-kg-battery-energy-density/


                     1250 VAh battery weight : between 10 Kg and 1,25 Kg for 100 Km range









Arzen L´OEUF curb weight estimation ,2021 standart :

                    30 Kg car body

                    10 Kg f.e. 1,5 KW 230 V AC Schiller electric motor and DC/AC inverter

                    10 Kg battery with 125 Wh/Kg


                   totals : 50 Kg


with 50% power saving magnet array e-drive improved and on-board 250 W per hour e-generator :

                                             really long range reachable ,practically also autonomous


   (  Mr.Birmingham,250 W https://geospatial.blogs.com/.a/6a00d83476d35153ef022ad3c0d118200b-popup are enough !   )

















what is here ,by Lavenami numbers analysis,also remarkable ?

What in the Li Yng publication is meaned with up to 9/10 "power savings" !

https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&II=1&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=19951107&CC=US&NR=5463914A&KC=A

Rated drive power compared real power per hour consume !

And : https://www.quantum-controls.co.uk/insights/faqs/what-is-cube-law/

                   
                                 rated power/ real energy consume :     A.per hour        B. per 100 Km




http://www.duke-ev.org/prototype-evolution

                                                                      teach me !

                                           Vehicle Weight: 26 kg race ready


                                           Nominal Motor Power: 75 W


                                                              Duke,many thanks !








https://www.log9materials.com/   2000 Wh in 15 minutes charging ( = min. 8000 VA loader)






                                                    314 Wh need per hour conventional motor


                                                    157 Wh need per hour magnet array motor




                                                   - brake energy recuperation /AmWind on tect generator

[lancaIV]

Learning from the past is sometimes difficult :


https://simanaitissays.com/2018/04/01/george-constantinescu-scientist-engineer-inventor-automaker-part-2/


https://simanaitissays.files.wordpress.com/2018/03/constantinesco_car.jpg?w=547&h=741


                                                               5 hp !?


                              This water-cooled engine displaced a mere 494 cc and produced 5 taxable hp


                               https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_horsepower   


                               versus Physics  horsepower






                                How such numbers convertable to electric horsepower numbers ?




                               Electric DC Watt Volt


                               Electric AC Watt Volt Hz


                               Electric Pulse DC Watt Volt Hz duty cycle


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Constantinescu


Sonics[edit]


In 1918, he published the book A treatise on transmission of power by vibrations[4] in which he described his theory of sonics.


The theory is applicable to various systems of power transmission but has mostly been applied to hydraulic systems.
 
Sonics differs from hydrostatics, being based on waves, rather than pressure, in the liquid.

Constantinescu argued that, contrary to popular belief, liquids are compressible.[5]

Transmission of power by waves in a liquid (e.g. water or oil) required a generator to produce the waves and a motor to use the waves to do work, either by percussion (as in rock drills) or by conversion to rotary motion.[2]


compared



https://www.engineair.com.au/


Our engines diameter is not much bigger than a flip out mobile phone; yet has sufficient force to power a car. A single engine can power a 600kg car.

This small engine weighs little more than a bag of potatoes (6 kg) and has no more than 10 major components.


Our engine achieves a mechanical efficiency of 90% and delivers constant torque with virtually no friction. Only 1 PSI (≈ 6,8 kPa) of pressure is needed to overcome the friction.




climate change by temperature

https://web.archive.org/web/20110929000932/http://www.engineair.com.au/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=18&Itemid=12


A 4 litre internal combustion engine is in fact using approximately a 1/4 of a million litres of air per hour running at 2000 rpm.


The consumption of petrol in this case is for generating hot air, it is that hot air that pushes the pistons and powers a vehicle.




    1/4 of a million litres of air before engine entering and after engine process outgassing temperature change ?


                           https://www.toppr.com/guides/physics/fundamentals/density-of-air-how-to-calculate-air-density/


The density of air is about 1.225 kilogram per cubic meter (kg/m3) at 15 degree Celsius and at sea level.
Also, this is the value according to the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA).
If we talk about other units then it is 1225.0 gram per cubic meter (g/m3), 0.0765 lb./ (cu ft.), or 0.0023769 slug/ (cu ft.)








How many joules does it take to raise air 1 degree?



Air has a heat capacity of about 700 Joules per kg per °K and a density of just 1.2 kg/m3,
so its initial energy would be 700 x 1 x 1.2 x 293 = 246,120 Joules
— a tiny fraction of the thermal energy stored in the water.


https://www.reddit.com/r/AskPhysics/comments/ajao9x/energy_required_to_heat_up_100m%C2%B3_of_air_by_10c/


Energy required to heat up 100m³ of air by 10C from 10C to 20C

Formula:

specific heat capacity of substance x mass of substance x temperature difference


Specific heat capacity of air is 1.006 kJ/kgC

Mass of air:density of air at 10C is 1.2466 kg/m3 and mass = density x volume = 1.2466 x 100 = 124KG

Temperature differential = 10C

energy needed = 1.006 x 124 x 10 = 1247 KJ


1247        KJ    for   10°K   increase   of   100 cbm of air

                               /10
 
  124,7      KJ    for     1°K  increase  of   100 cbm of air

                             / 100

      1,247 KJ    for   1°K increase   of     1 cbm of air

compared   

  246,120 Joules


                                                     


                                             1 247 Joules/246 120 Joules




              How do IPCC climate change researcher in their well air conditionized rooms temperature changes calculate ?

[lancaIV]

Not cause the relatively ugly car design but because the innovative battery-concept,range extending :


https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=auto&tl=en&u=https://www.kicker.de/acm-city-one-elektro-mini-mit-wechselakku-869251/artikel

[lancaIV]

Like a Pashtune becomes a Talib´an


a Citroen Ami


becomes an


https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=auto&tl=en&u=https://www.n-tv.de/auto/Opel-Rocks-e-SUM-mit-franzoesischen-Genen-article22761444.html


Only other Outfit ! For the same input !




Is this shame ?


That cute plastic cube, which is equipped with a 5.5 kWh battery, which with the help of a 9 HP electric motor can travel 75 kilometers and can be recharged in just under 3.5 hours at the household socket.


Why they -the engineers/propagandists- do not give KW or Nm as orientation ?


                                              6,7 nominal/rated KW electric motor

[lancaIV]

What do we know about the "rotoverter"-performance ? A motor-generator couple !


Can this become an electric car/vehicle drive system ?


They think/thought : Yes !   https://web.archive.org/web/20071119131255/http://www.trinitymotors.net/  POWERMAX-concept




Some decades back :


https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&II=14&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=19881103&CC=DE&NR=3713965A1&KC=A1


http://translationportal.epo.org/emtp/translate/?ACTION=description-retrieval&COUNTRY=DE&ENGINE=google&FORMAT=docdb&KIND=A1&LOCALE=en_EP&NUMBER=3713965&OPS=ops.epo.org/3.2&SRCLANG=de&TRGLANG=en


When using this configuration as an electric car drive, the range can be at least doubled.



This means "physically" 50% waste energy recapture by direct motor-generator couple !


https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/mosaics?CC=DE&NR=3713965A1&KC=A1&FT=D&ND=3&date=19881103&DB=EPODOC&locale=en_EP


we see two independent machine units !


+  Motor improvement !


+  Generator improvement !


when under original idea : 100    e-units motor in and 50 e-units average generator back = 50 e-units net consume = range doubling


                                        66,6  e- units average motor modified consume


https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/originalDocument?FT=D&date=20080812&DB=EPODOC&locale=en_EP&CC=US&NR=7411363B2&KC=B2&ND=4


                                                                         and 50 e-units average conventional generator back


                                                                         = 16,6 e-units net consume = range 6X




                                        50    e-units average motor modified consume


https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&II=21&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=20110609&CC=DE&NR=112009002191A5&KC=A5


                                                                         and 50 e-units average conventional generator back




                                                                         = near Net Zero consume , nearly limitless range




Generator modification : Arestov double winding


                                    Tudor-Frunzi (ROM) generator


                                    Kango Iida generator


                                    David Yurth generator coil coating




and  e-tank                   https://www.patentsencyclopedia.com/app/20090079393


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https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&II=14&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=19881103&CC=DE&NR=3713965A1&KC=A1[/size]


unmodified


and

https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&II=0&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=20190207&CC=JP&NR=2019022271A&KC=A


= limitless drive


100 / Saburo factor 4 or 5 = 20 to 25 units consume - 50 e-units recapture = surplus electricity production




for e-bikes 100 or 200 or ....  Watt Rust rotoverter and appropriate

https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&II=0&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=20070201&CC=JP&NR=2007028879A&KC=A

numbers/quantity of nichrome wires



= limitless range