Stanley Meyer replication with low input power

[SchtevieD]

Here is a message from user ravzz:


Hi Stefan,

I've tried opening a new topic for this but I couldnt.

Check the following videos:

1. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2vzTzqpp-Uk
2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNJ_vjuO_ME
3. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-1lScTsHBkQ
4. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fiyfwWuA9gA
5. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nto66FTfdTg
6. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BqSyTiPu8VI

For all the info on these videos you could go to

www.oupower.com

Discussions.......than hydrogen forum.


You could copy all the info i've posted there under the user name ravzz and post it here if need be.

Just thought i'd help as many people to replicate my WFC before im stopped again.


Regards,
ravzz

\
Read This:


http://www.padrak.com/ine/NEN_4_11_1.html

[kewlhead]

can you explain your point in reading that?

[HeairBear]

Thank you for your input, I truly appreciate it.

Let's take a look at the famous VIC diagram again but this time we will add a transducer to the cell/circuit. Now the circuit makes much more sense and we can understand each component and it's primary function. Starting with the PWM or for a better word, signal generator. Next is the step-up transformer or amplifier. We can use a modified alternator if you choose to. The diode is for rectification to half wave DC. The chokes are used in the industry to convert a DC square wave into an AC sinusoidal wave. Transducers operate most efficiently with AC signals. So why have a diode at all if we are converting it to AC again anyway? In this configuration we will have both DC and AC in the same circuit. DC piggybacking AC or vice versa. We will need a bit of DC to propagate a small amount of electrolysis in the cell and we will need AC to run the transducer to it's full potential. Transducers can be driven to extremely high voltages and still only consume mA. We can use this to our advantage because even though the voltage is high, the water part of the cell can not consume more current than the resistive nature of the transducer allows to flow. In other words, if your transducer is consuming only 500mA at 1000 volts, the water can't get anymore current to consume other than what the transducer lets through. We avoid the catch22. The ultimate goal of the device is to increase the the reaction of electrolysis with cavitation at a specific frequency or multiples of.

Is there any errors in my logic so far? If I am wrong about something please advise me. I make mistakes but I like correcting them if I can. Thanks for reading my post.

Cheers!

[HeairBear]

Here is another quote from here... http://owww.cecer.army.mil/techreports/Cro_SoCo/Cro_SoCo.uli.post-02.htm#TopOfPage
This is a very great description much better than I can explain it.

      Sonochemistry

Sonochemistry is defined as the chemical effects produced by subjecting a chemical reaction to sound waves (Bremner 1990). Ultrasound, with frequencies roughly between 15 kHz and 10 MHz, has a drastic effect on chemical reactions. The mechanism that causes this effect is known as "acoustic cavitation." This phenomenon proceeds as follows. A sound wave impinging on a solution is merely a cyclic succession of compression and expansion phases imparted by mechanical vibration. During the solution expansion phase, small vapor-filled bubbles are formed due to weak points in the solution, primarily at trapped gas pockets on particulate surfaces. These bubbles grow and contract in response to the expansion and compression phases of the cycle, respectively. Because the surface area of the bubble is greater during the expansion phase than during the compression phase, growth of the bubble is greater than the contraction, resulting in an increase in the average bubble size over many cycles. Over time, the bubble reaches a critical size depending on the ultrasonic frequency, whereupon the pressure of the vapor within the bubble cannot withstand the external pressure of the surrounding solution. The result is a catastrophic collapse of the bubble with high velocity jets of solution shooting into the interior. This implosion process is known as acoustic cavitation. Extreme environments are produced in and near the bubble as a result. Suslick (1989 and 1990) gives a more detailed explanation of acoustic cavitation.

Although many bubbles are produced, these bubbles are quite small. It is estimated that 4 x 108 bubbles/second/ m3 are produced (Suslick and Hammerton 1986). The bubbles are on the order of 10 to 200 microns in diameter, and they are short lived, with a lifetime near 10 microseconds. Therefore, the bulk solution conditions remain relatively unaffected. But the implosion of the bubble causes enormous local effects. The temperature of the vapor within the bubble has been estimated to reach as high as 5000 _K (Suslick, Cline, and Hammerton 1986) with a concomitant pressure near 1000 atm (Mason and Lorimer 1988). The principal result of these conditions in an aqueous solution is the breakdown of water vapor in the bubble into hydrogen and hydroxyl radicals. This essentially transforms the bubble into a microreactor where interesting chemistry can occur.

      Uses of Sonochemistry

The unusual microenvironments created during acoustic cavitation permit a wide variety of uses for ultrasound. These uses include homogenization and cell disruption in the biological field, dissolution and mixing in chemistry, soldering and welding in metal working, degreasing and emulsification in industry, and polymerization and depolymerization (Bremner 1990). Novel chemical applications result from the catalytic effects of sonochemistry. This includes the creation of new compounds, for example, new iron carbonyl compounds (Suslick et al. 1991), new and more effective catalysts (Suslick and Casadonte 1987), and greater rates and yields on chemical reactions (Luche 1990). Research areas such as these provide the majority of sonolytic applications. In the past several years, the use of sonochemistry as a destruction technique has blossomed.

Applying ultrasound to an aqueous system initiates the cavitation process. If organic species are also present in the water, it is expected that degradation will occur, ultimately to complete mineralization. The extreme conditions created by acoustic cavitation initiate three distinct destruction pathways for organic contaminants: oxidation by hydroxyl radicals, supercritical water oxidation, and pyrolysis. It has been proposed that pyrolytic mechanisms dominate at high solute concentrations while hydroxyl radical attack dominates at low solute concentrations (Kotronarou, Mills, and Hoffmann 1991).

The primary mechanism is hydroxyl radical oxidation. The severe conditions are enough to break down water vapor within the bubble into hydrogen and hydroxyl radicals. But the highly reactive nature of these radicals prevents a long travel pathlength into the solution. Therefore, only organic molecules present within the bubble or very near the bubble surface will be destroyed in this fashion. Note the simultaneous production of the hydrogen radical indicates that reductive pathways may also be available for organic breakdown.

Supercritical water is a phase of water that exists above its critical temperature and pressure, 647 _K and 221 atm. This unique state of water has different density, viscosity, and ionic strength properties than water under ambient conditions. Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) is one technique studied for the treatment of contaminants in wastewater (e.g., Harradine et al. 1993). Since the organic contaminant has an increased solubility within supercritical water, these organic species are brought into close proximity with the oxidant, usually oxygen from dissolved air. Oxidation is therefore accelerated. During sonolysis, it is proposed that supercritical water is present in a small thin shell around the bubble (Hoffmann, Hua, and Hochemer 1996). According to these researchers, this mode of destruction is expected to be secondary in importance because the fraction of water in the supercritical state is estimated to be on the order of 0.0015 parts out of 100 parts of water. Alternatively, the volume of the gaseous bubble is estimated to be 2 x 104 times greater than the volume of the thin supercritical water shell surrounding the bubble. The value of supercritical water may be limited to increasing the solubility of the organic contaminant near the bubble interface for radical attack. The possible occurrence of SCWO in the sonochemical reactor, however, may be one reason to justify the use of an oxygen-containing purge gas.

A third mechanism is pyrolytic breakdown of organic contaminants. Pyrolysis is defined as the thermal destruction of a compound in the absence of oxygen. The high temperatures attained within the bubbles are well above the temperatures required to destroy organic materials. This mechanism, however, requires the compound to be present in the vapor phase within the bubble. Compounds with higher vapor pressures will have a higher vapor concentration inside the bubble. It is expected then that pyrolysis will be more prevalent as the vapor pressure of the contaminant increases.

The above mentioned conditions created in the bubble during collapse would clearly degrade organic species present within the bubble interior. But since bubble implosion occurs by the influx of a jet stream of the surrounding liquid, it may not be necessary for the organic contaminants to be initially present in the bubble interior for degradation to occur. This implosion scenario is analogous to the injection of contaminated liquid directly into the hot reaction zone.

Have a great day!

[demartin]

I built the D14 circuit with bifilar inductors. See my video here for the results:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FBn8Y0BJZqc

Here is the text I posted along with it:

Single 4" cell, 304 stainless steel, 1.57mm gap. 1cm plastic straw segments used as spacers. Inner tube conditioned over 24 hours in calcium hydroxide solution (1/8 teaspoon Kalkwasser powder to 1 pint R.O. water). Beginning of conditioning took 12 volts at 1 amps, end of conditioning took 24 volts at .5 amps due to calcium oxide insulator depositing on cathode.

This here is driven by the newer D14.pdf Lawton circuit with bifilar inductor.

http://panaceauniversity.org/D14.pdf

As you can see it produces gas with .26 Amps @ 12 Volts. Looks like much, but the bubbles themselves are tiny.

Only real interesting thing is that the cell has self-voltage. When I disconnect cell from circuit and measure its potential, it drops quickly to 2 Volts but then takes 20 minutes to drop further to 1.5 Volts. The better the oxide insulator coating, obviously the more slowly voltage drops.

Therefore in between signal pulses, there is a unipolar DC field between the tubes. In Stan Meyers' setup, I am guessing that this DC field is much higher and acts to unipolarly stress the water dielectric right at the point of breakdown. What happens there is that the tiny high voltage spikes going into the tubes actually raise this DC potential over successive spikes, then the gate shuts it off and lets the potential fall back down a bit. This might be to avoid arcing if the DC potential rises too high. In this video, that DC cell potential is only 2.96 volts, but that's because only 12 volts are going in from Lawton's circuit.

Lawton's circuit is not a true Meyers replication. Meyer had the cell circuit electrically isolated through a 1:3 to 1:30 step up transformer (toroid) and employed some kind of resonance to get high voltage spikes pumping into the cells. The blocking diode in that case is what produces a flat DC charge across the cells, whereas the high frequency pulses ride atop the DC and goes right through the water cap (because capacitors pass high frequencies) and interacts with the bifilar charging chokes.

The goal is to insulate the tubes, maintain a high DC potential between them via the blocking diode, and perhaps employ a flyback effect in the toroid transformer to have high voltages. Beware that the blocking diode makes this circuit not perform as a typical LC series oscillator. Also remember that Meyer used maximum potential and minimum current -- it was not pulsed DC-current electrolysis, it was high voltage DC with high voltage unipolar pulses atop this fed into a cell that optimally used distilled water and/or insulated cathodes. Meyer was all about dielectric breakdown of water due to intense E gradients, not loads of electrons marching through ripping and heating things up.

I post this video here just to show that Lawton's circuit still does something regardless, and as others report does it better than conventional DC current electrolysis.